双馈风电机组高电压穿越技术研究及测试研究

针对风电机组高电压穿越的问题,对双馈风电机组高电压穿越技术进行了模型仿真分析与现场测试验证。首先,对国内外主流电网运营商对高电压穿越的标准规范要求与技术指标进行了介绍;接着,根据双馈风电机组的特点,电网电压骤升故障对风机系统产生的危害进行了分析;然后,以WD100-2000型双馈风电机组为例,在Matlab/Simulink环境下建立了整机仿真模型,对电网电压骤升故障下双馈风电机组的动态特性进行了仿真分析。最后,联合中国电科院在张北现场进行了国内首次真正意义上的高电压穿越测试。仿真及现场测试结果均表明,机组能够顺利通过所有工况的高电压穿越测试,已经完全具备高电压穿越功能,对风电机组高电压穿越技术的研究及完善国内并网规则具有十分重要的意义。     

Direct power control of DFIG wind turbine systems based on an intelligent proportional-integral sliding mode control

This paper presents an intelligent proportional-integral sliding mode control (iPISMC) for direct power control of variable speed-constant frequency wind turbine system. This approach deals with optimal power production (in the maximum power point tracking sense) under several disturbance factors such as turbulent wind. This controller is made of two sub-components: (i) an intelligent proportional-integral module for online disturbance compensation and (ii) a sliding mode module for circumventing disturbance estimation errors. This iPISMC method has been tested on FAST/Simulink platform of a 5 MW wind turbine system. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed iPISMC method outperforms the classical PI and intelligent proportional-integral control (iPI) in terms of both active power and response time.     

基于变分模态分解的风电齿轮箱轴承故障诊断方法

双馈异步风力发电机采用变转速变桨距的控制策略以保持风力最大功率捕获,风电齿轮箱时刻处于变速变载的恶劣工况,其关键部件极易受到损伤。针对齿轮箱轴承故障特征易受到风机变工况干扰的问题,提出了一种变分模态分解与瑞利熵相结合的特征分析方法,实现对风电齿轮箱高速轴轴承健康状态系数的估计。本文以双馈异步风机齿轮箱高速轴轴承作为研究对象,研究了其在变转速变负载工况下的外圈故障特性。通过对比振动信号的频域特征参数与小波包分解能量特征结果,证明变工况运行条件下变分模态分解与瑞利熵相结合的故障诊断方法能够有效地辨识故障轴承。     

Adaptive fast sliding mode fault tolerant control integrated with disturbance observer for spacecraft attitude stabilization system

In this paper, the problem of fault-tolerant control (FTC) for spacecraft attitude stabilization system with actuator fault and mismatched disturbance is investigated. A novel fault tolerant control strategy based on adaptive fast terminal sliding mode control (AFTSMC) is proposed. Firstly, a novel composite observer is proposed to estimate the disturbance, actuator efficiency factor and partial states of the system. By introducing a sliding mode observer, the bias actuator fault is reconstructed. Subsequently, in accordance with the estimated information, a novel sliding mode fault tolerant controller is designed. The proposed control scheme contains two compensators and two adaptive parameters to attenuate the mismatched disturbance, to compensate actuator fault, and to guarantee fast convergence of the system. Furthermore, the reachability of sliding motion is proved. The simulation results for the spacecraft system illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Variable speed wind turbine control by discrete-time sliding mode approach

The aim of this paper is to propose a new design variable speed wind turbine control by discrete-time sliding mode approach. This methodology is designed for linear saturated system. The saturation constraint is reported on inputs vector. To this end, the back stepping design procedure is followed to construct a suitable sliding manifold that guarantees the attainment of a stabilization control objective. It is well known that the mechanisms are investigated in term of the most proposed assumptions to deal with the damping, shaft stiffness and inertia effect of the gear. The objectives are to synthesize robust controllers that maximize the energy extracted from wind, while reducing mechanical loads and rotor speed tracking combined with an electromagnetic torque. Simulation results of the proposed scheme are presented.     

风力发电机组中的振动监测与分析

基于风力发电机组振动模态分析和在线监测技术,对机组的振动频谱特征和典型故障做了研究,提出了设备故障诊断和预警的基本方法。     

基于Backstepping的电液伺服系统多级自适应滑模控制

针对电液伺服系统的非线性特性、系统参数及外部负载的非匹配不确定性,在电液伺服系统的位置跟踪控制中,提出了基于Backstepping逆向递推技术的多级自适应滑模控制方法,应用Backstepping的逆向递推方法有效地解决了高阶系统的控制问题,并结合了自适应方法和滑模控制方法各自优良的抗干扰特点。仿真结果显示,该控制方法具有较强的鲁棒性及良好的跟踪性能。     

采用滑模观测器的机械臂故障检测与控制优化

针对复合干扰影响下机械臂的故障检测和控制精度问题,提出了一种基于滑模观测器的故障检测和控制优化方法.首先建立了带有电机故障、模型误差和机械摩擦等复合干扰的机械臂系统故障模型,然后设计了滑模观测器来实现在复合干扰下对电机故障的准确检测,最后引入滑模观测器对电机故障程度进行估计,并设计了反步容错控制方法,从而实现了对机械臂...     

Cross-coupling control method of the two-axis linear motor based on second-order terminal sliding mode

When the dual-axis linear motor is processing components, its accuracy will be affected by the uncertainty and nonlinearity of the system, and the complexity of the processing curve trajectory. The goal is to improve the machining accuracy and response speed of the XY dual-axis permanent magnet synchronous linear motor two-dimensional platform, improve the anti-interference ability, and reduce the contour error. This paper proposes a coupled control method based on dual closed-loop single-axis high-order terminal sliding mode position control (TSMC). First, an improved mathematical model of equivalent contour error is established. Combine the coordinated controller to get the coupling link. Then, to accelerate error convergence and suppress chattering, a high-order terminal sliding mode controller is designed. The single-axis current controller is designed using high-order sliding mode algorithms. Simulations and experiments show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.

     

风力发电机组故障诊断与预测技术研究综述

随着风力发电机组装机容量的快速发展,累计运行时间的持续增长,风电机组的维护问题日益突出,迫切需要研发有效的风电机组故障诊断与预测系统。从故障诊断和故障预测两个方面,归纳风力发电机组的主要故障特点;针对故障诊断难点问题,分析和总结基于振动、电气信号分析和模式识别算法的故障诊断方法的研究现状,指出各种方法的技术特点、局限性和今后的发展趋势;针对风电机组中机械结构和电子系统性能退化的各自特点,归纳当前的研究进展,提出物理失效模型和数据驱动模型融合的故障预测方法;最后,归纳了利用风力发电机组数据采集与监控系统(SCADA)数据进行故障诊断与预测的最新进展及需要进一步研究的问题。     

PSO–GSA based fuzzy sliding mode controller for DFIG-based wind turbine

In this paper an optimal fuzzy sliding mode control (FSMC) strategy is introduced for doubly fed induction generator-based wind turbine (DFIG-based WT). The control objective is to ensure power extraction maximization and null stator reactive power regulation according to the grid requirements. To this end, the sliding mode control (SMC) technique is combined with a simple fuzzy inference system to avoid the undesirable chattering phenomenon inherent to the conventional SMC. The proposed FSMC strategy is derived using the Lyapunov approach to guarantee the closed loop system’s stability. To obtain optimal control performances, the membership function parameters of the incorporated fuzzy system are tuned using an improved population-based optimization algorithm, which consists on the combination of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and gravitational search algorithm (GSA). Finally, the performances of the proposed control scheme, called PSO–GSA based FSMC are evaluated in comparison with PSO based FSMC and GSA based FSMC systems.     

液压型风力发电机组低电压运行特性分析

以液压型风力发电机组为研究对象,分析机组在低电压工况下的运行特性。结合低电压穿越要求,完善并分析液压型风力发电机组工作原理。建立电压跌落时风力机、定量泵-变量马达液压调速系统以及发电机的暂态数学模型。以数学模型为基础搭建MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台,并在不同跌落深度下分别对三相电压等幅跌落、两相对地短路故障和单相对地短路故障进行低电压运行特性仿真分析。研究结果揭示了不同故障下机组低电压运行的特性规律,其中电流过载与电磁转矩产生脉振是机组低电压运行的重要表征现象。研究工作将为该机型低电压穿越控制提供一定的理论基础和技术手段。     

风力机液压系统故障诊断与结构改进研究

兆瓦级风力机的液压系统一旦发生故障,维修难度较大。了解大功率风力机的常见故障及其原因,具有十分重要的意义。重视小故障、故障早期阶段的发现和排除,故障诊断和排除时注意对预兆、运行记录的分析。介绍了一种典型的1MW风力机型号的液压系统维护常见故障实例,并提出其液压系统结构的改进方案。     

永磁直驱风力发电机结构发展研究

直驱式永磁风力发电机具有高功率密度、高效率、高可靠性、低维护成本和电网兼容性好、低电压穿越能力强等优点而成为最具发展前景的风力发电解决方案。介绍了径向磁通、轴向磁通以及横向磁通电机的结构电机的特点以及应用情况,针对目前市场的主流径向磁通永磁风力发电机,综合考虑电机的轴承支撑方式、冷却方式以及内外转子结构,将其分成四种结构,并对每种结构形式的特点加以详细的分析和介绍,并指出各种结构电机的优缺点,对永磁风力发电机结构的发展趋势进行了阐述。     

基于动态特征矩阵的k近邻风电机组故障检测方法

受风的间歇性和随机性影响风电机组运行状态频繁切换,导致设备状态异常检测误报和漏报情况严重,风电企业运维成本居高不下。为此,提出了基于动态特征矩阵的k近邻故障检测方法,该方法采用基于互信息的动态特征矩阵描述风电机组的动态特性,通过加权k近邻同时考虑动态特征矩阵中的特征贡献率与累计互信息的影响,利用动态阈值计算降低运行状态突变造成的误报。分别以美国可再生能源实验室5 MW海上风机基准模型的常见传感器和执行器故障以及SCADA数据中记录的变桨系统故障为例,将所提方法的故障检测结果分别与PCA、KPCA、FD-kNN以及PC-kNN故障检测方法进行对比,结果表明所提方法能够准确进行故障信息的检测,所提方法优于其他对比故障检测方法。     

基于EtherCAT从站的风电机组扩展I/O系统设计

针对目前在风电机组中功能日益丰富,以及硬件I/O点的需求量也越来越大的问题,本文提出了基于EtherCAT从站模式的扩展I/O系统的设计方法。系统的I/O硬件接口采用了FSMC数据线复用方式的PDI接口;所开发的系统软件和XML文件配点在搭建的EtherCAT从站平台上进行了测试。测试结果表明,主控扩展I/O系统能够实现模拟量输入输出、数字量输入输出等功能,可以满足风电机组的功能需要。     

基于深度残差收缩网络的风力发电机齿轮箱故障诊断

提出了一种基于深度残差收缩网络的风力发电机齿轮箱故障诊断方法。首先，通过齿轮箱动力学模拟实验平台采集9种工况下的8种故障的振动信号；其次，对所采集的信号进行数据预处理，将其输入至深度残差收缩网络中训练；最后，利用反向传播算法不断优化网络参数，实现变工况下风力发电机齿轮箱故障的识别与分类。实验结果表明，所提方法在变工况场景下，可有效提取齿轮箱的故障特征并具有较高的识别准确率，证明了其在风力发电机齿轮箱故障诊断方面的可行性及有效性。     

变风速条件下风力机轴承故障特征提取

针对风速变化条件下风力发电机轴承故障特征的检测问题,提出了一种基于灰狼优化( GWO )和双稳态杜芬振荡器的随机共振( SR )的故障特征提取方法.首先,根据风速估计故障特征信号的频率,通过合适的采样频率采集风力发电机的振动信号并对采集的信号做归一化处理.随后,根据风速尺度引入变换系数对频率 时间尺度进行变换.此外,利用灰狼算法方法将杜芬振子的阻尼比和系统参数调整到最优值.最后,通过杜芬系统和尺度恢复获得可识别信号.结果表明,所提出的方法能提取原始信号中的故障特征信号.     

船用天然气发动机电子节气门自适应高阶滑模控制

针对船用天然气发动机电子节气门非线性控制问题以及高阶滑模控制存在的边界难以估计问题,提出了一种基于高阶 滑模理论的节气门自适应控制算法,设计了基于系统相平面轨迹收敛过程的自适应策略,为了增加控制算法的实用性,在自适 应策略的基础上设计了检测区域,通过判断系统状态与该区域的相对位置双向调节控制增益,以防止增益过大而导致控制精度 降低、控制能量浪费的问题;同时,采用鲁棒微分估计器,对不可观测量进行估计;最后,设计 3 种测试方案,将该算法与传统高 阶滑模算法进行实验对比。 实验结果表明:在阶跃信号下,该算法使系统响应速度提高 35% ,稳态误差均方根减小 37. 5% ;在正 弦信号下,系统最大稳态误差和稳态误差均方根分别减小 30% 和 22% 。     

A combined mono- and multi-turbine approach for fault indicator synthesis and wind turbine monitoring using SCADA data

The monitoring of wind turbines using SCADA data has received lately a growing interest from the fault diagnosis community because of the very low cost of these data, which are available in number without the need for any additional sensor. Yet, these data are highly variable due to the turbine constantly changing its operating conditions and to the rapid fluctuations of the environmental conditions (wind speed and direction, air density, turbulence, …). This makes the occurrence of a fault difficult to detect. To address this problem, we propose a multi-level (turbine and farm level) strategy combining a mono- and a multi-turbine approach to create fault indicators insensitive to both operating and environmental conditions. At the turbine level, mono-turbine residuals (i.e. a difference between an actual monitored value and the predicted one) obtained with a normal behavior model expressing the causal relations between variables from the same single turbine and learnt during a normal condition period are calculated for each turbine, so as to get rid of the influence of the operating conditions. At the farm level, the residuals are then compared to a wind farm reference in a multi-turbine approach to obtain fault indicators insensitive to environmental conditions. Indicators for the objective performance evaluation are also proposed to compare wind turbine fault detection methods, which aim at evaluating the cost/benefit of the methods from a production manager’s point of view. The performance of the proposed combined mono- and multi-turbine method is evaluated and compared to more classical methods proposed in the literature on a large real data set made of SCADA data recorded on a French wind farm during four years : it is shown than it can improve the fault detection performance when compared to a residual analysis limited at the turbine level only.