基于MC算法的CT序列图像快速成型文件生成方法

快速成型技术在医学领域有着广泛而重要的应用,为了从医学图像中得到快速成型文件,详细论述了MC(marchingcubes)算法生成STL文件的步骤及需要注意的问题,并将其与轮廓连接生成STL文件的方法进行比较,说明了所提方法优势及可行性。方法先对CT序列图像进行阈值分割、区域增长等图像预处理,然后用MC算法得到用三角片组成的几何模型,最后根据文件格式标准,生成STL文件,其中着重讨论了STL文件中三角面片顶点顺序如何确定这一问题。     

基于医学图像序列轮廓线重建三维表面的改进算法

基于医学图像重建三维表面是医学图像可视化的主要手段之一。传统的方法直接采用由序列轮廓线生成的三角片来拟合曲面,重建的效果和表达的信息均有限。该文提出一种基于三角Bernstein-Bezier曲面拟合和纹理映射的改进算法,即在对生成的单个三角片进行三角Bernstein-Bezier曲面拟合的基础上,通过对三角片三顶点法矢的二次插值来重新计算三角Bernstein-Bezier曲面的法矢,使拟合曲面的显示效果整体连续且光滑;同时通过对重建后的表面模型施以平面剖切,并给剖切后模型的断面和截面贴上纹理来增加图像信息。该算法已运用于伽玛刀治疗计划系统中,重建效果较传统算法取得了较大的改善。     

基于VTK的医学图像快速重建系统

使用数据可视化工具包VTK和重建算法MC开发了一套医学影像三维重建系统。系统针对阻碍实时性的三维重建时空问题，采用顶点合并和哈希映射方法对三角形网格进行优化，有效减少了重建后图像的存储量并提高了显示速度。本系统为构建完整的医学可视化平台奠定了基础。     

基于等值面优化重建医学图像的改进算法

医学图像可视化技术利用二维医学图像序列重建出三维模型,为医生提供了直观、全面、准确的病灶和正常组织信息.传统的方法直接采用由序列轮廓线生成的三角片来拟合曲面,重建的速度与效果均有限.为了提高医学三维图像的重建速度和效果,在对用于构造等值面的MCfMarching cubes)算法进行分析的基础上,提出一种三点线性插值法代替相邻多边形顶点的位置,并对等值面法向矢量场进行平滑,实现了目标图像的三维重建.     

基于近平面合并的三角网格简化算法

提出一种基于近平面合并的三角网格简化算法,针对三维重建MarchingCubes算法中产生的大量三角片进行简化。首先依据近平面判断条件将近似共面的三角形合并成一个大的多边形,然后按相应的准则将其重新进行三角化得到更少的三角形面片,以达到简化的目的。该算法在最大化的保留图像细节的前提下,精简了三角片的数目,提高了重建后图像绘制和传输的速率,节省了存储空间和处理时间。     

基于医学图像序列面绘制的骨组织快速成型方法

针对人工骨组织快速成型中轮廓线轨迹生成复杂、分层效率低的问题,提出了一种简化三角片模型分层过程的方法。应用移动立方块（MC）算法对医学图像序列进行面绘制重建,根据重建过程的顺序对三角片集合分组,然后采用对边追踪的方法计算切平面与其对应三角片数组的交点轮廓线数据。简化后的分层效率相对于三角网格文件（STL）模型分层平均提高了4.65%。实验结果表明,所提方法可以直接从人体骨组织医学图像序列生成可供3D打印的轮廓线数据,从而实现骨组织的快速成型。     

基于邻域相似性的三角网格光顺算法

为了提高三角网格模型的质量,满足模型后续处理的要求,提出了一种基于邻域相似性的网格光顺算法。类比图像像素的灰度值,首先构造顶点的双边滤波微分算子,作为其几何灰度值;然后计算顶点邻域之间的相似性,作为顶点几何灰度值的权值,并对顶点的邻域顶点的几何灰度值进行加权平均,得到该顶点的最终几何灰度值;最后将顶点沿着其法矢量方向移动几何灰度值大小的距离,得到光顺后的三角网格模型。实验证明,该算法在光顺模型的同时有效地保持了网格的几何特征。     

一个适用于大型三角网格的鲁棒水印算法

针对大型三角网格的特点,提出一个基于外存的鲁棒水印算法。首先对大规模三角网格顶点的重新排序和分组,然后对由分组中顶点到原点的距离组成的序列进行DCT变换,最后将由二值图像调制的水印序列嵌入到经过量化的DCT高频系数中。实验表明,该算法能够抵抗网格噪声、简化、剪切以及仿射变换等攻击,具有良好的不可见性和鲁棒性。     

非均匀抽样网格简化

提出了一种考虑视点空间中某些重要视点的非均匀抽样网格简化的新方法,是在借鉴了Garland-Heckbert方法的基础上提出的,是一种考虑外观相似性的简化算法。给出并证明了两个判定边界的定理,为抽样提供了理论依据。在简化过程中,该算法通过采用视点空间中某些重要视点对模型进行抽样,使抽中的顶点对（轮廓附近的顶点对）得到适当保护。该算法除具有Garland-Heckbert方法的长处外,还可以在三角面片数较少的情况下（50多个三角面片）,尽可能保持模型的重要外观特征,给出了计算0－1图像的外观相似性误差的公式,通过该公式对简化结果进行比较,证明提出的简化算法对保持模型的外观特征是行之有效的。最后对该算法的时间和空间复杂性进行了分析。     

关于顶点链编码的图像区域表示和填充算法

图像区域的表示和显示是图像处理和图像分析、计算机制图和计算机图形学中的重要研究课题.以顶点链编码为基础,提出一种以顶点链编码来表示二值图像的方法,完成了对于图像区域的简单表示.同时着重提出了一种将用以表示二值图像的顶点链编码转化为原二值图像的算法.该算法对表示二值图像区域的顶点链编码点进行记录处理,配对被记录的顶点链编码点,然后运用水平扫描线来填充图像区域,从而将原图像根据顶点链编码完全恢复出来.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.