特种表面活性剂和功能性表面活性剂(ⅩⅤ)——开关型表面活性剂的合成研究进展

介绍了开关型表面活性剂的分类,详细阐述了电化学开关型、光开关型、酸碱开关型、CO2开关型及温度开关型等表面活性剂的合成进展,分析了各类开关型表面活性剂合成发展的制约因素,并展望了发展趋势和研究方向。     

特种表面活性剂和功能性表面活性剂(ⅩⅥ)——开关型表面活性剂的性能及应用进展

综述了开关型表面活性剂的性能及应用现状.其中电化学开关表面活性剂主要介绍了二茂铁类,同时还包括吡嗪类和二硫基类;光开关型表面活性剂主要介绍了偶氮苯基和苯乙烯基表面活性剂;酸碱开关表面活性剂介绍了AMI,AFD4和PLLA/PEG - PSD; CO2开关表面活性剂主要介绍了长链烷基脒的乳化性能及其在乳液聚合中的应用;同时介绍了NIPAM - co - PEGMa,亚胺类温度开关表面活性剂.展望了开关型表面活性剂的应用领域和发展趋势.     

开关表面活性剂的研究进展

综述了近年来开关表面活性剂的研究进展.重点介绍了酸碱、电化学、光、CO2及离子等新型化学开关表面活性剂的作用机理,阐明了不同开关表面活性剂的性能与潜在应用领域,最后指出了开关表面活性剂存在的问题、发展方向和应用前景等.     

开关表面活性剂及其应用研究进展

综述了开关表面活性剂的开关增溶机理、特性及影响开关因素的研究进展,指出开关表面活性剂不但具有常规表面活性剂的增溶、降低表面张力、乳化、起泡、润湿等作用,而且通过CO2/空气、电化学、光化学、温度、酸碱等"开关"的控制,实现了表面活性剂与疏水性有机物很好的分离。并就开关表面活性剂在实际中的应用前景进行了简要的介绍。     

环境友好的新型糖基表面活性剂的开发

本文介绍了糖基Gemini型表面活性剂的合成及表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度、表面张力、分子半径、标准自由能、缔合数等物化性能，并对有代表性的糖基Gemini型表面活性剂的特殊性能作了介绍．最后展望了糖基Gemini型表面活性剂的发展前景。     

Bola型表面活性剂的研究进展

Bola型表面活性剂是以一根疏水链连接2个亲水基团构成的两亲化合物.介绍了Bola型表面活性剂分子的结构与性能,概述了Bola型双亲表面活性剂与传统表面活性剂相比的优点及其在液相中形成的囊泡的特征.重点介绍了各种类型的Bola型双亲表面活性剂的主要合成方法及用途.最后对其研究前景作了展望.     

弱相互作用调控表面活性剂自组装(Ⅱ)——表面活性剂的结构与设计

介绍了表面活性剂的结构、性质以及分类,综述了阴离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂、两性离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂的分子间弱相互作用。另外,简述了低聚型表面活性剂和其他新型表面活性剂的结构及应用。     

BOLA型表面活性剂的研究进展

介绍了Bola型表面活性剂分子的结构及性能,重点说明了Bola型表面活性剂与传统表面活性剂相比的突出特点,指出了Bola型表面活性剂所构成膜的优良稳定性。重点介绍了近几年合成的各种类型的Bola型表面活性剂的主要合成方法及用途。最后对Bola型表面活性剂在各个领域的发展趋势作了展望。     

开关表面活性剂的机理及其研究进展

表面活性剂的应用已渗透到乳化、分散等各个方面,然而大多数应用中表面活性剂仅被需要用在某一阶段,过程结束后需要其分离或失活。因此,开关表面活性剂的研究引起了广泛的关注。本文介绍了近年来被发现的开关表面活性剂的开关种类,并概述了温度、酸碱、CO_2等开关表面活性剂的响应基团及其作用机理。同时指出了开关表面活性剂在稠油的乳化降粘领域的应用前景。     

高活性两性Gemini表面活性剂的研究进展

两性Gemini表面活性剂分子由于极性头基带不同的电荷,使其较传统单体两性表面活性剂具有临界胶束浓度低、降低界面张力效率高、高温稳定性好、增稠性好和耐盐性强等优势。将两性Gemini表面活性剂按甜菜碱型、咪唑型、含胺基型、含磺酸基型和其他型两性双子表面活性剂进行分类,通过对五类Gemini表面活性剂进行比较,分析其表面活性、克拉夫特点、温度稳定性、耐盐性、乳化性、增稠性、稳泡性及水溶性等性能,并对两性Gemini表面活性剂今后的研究提出建议。     

Synthesis and Properties of a Series of CO2 Switchable Surfactants with Imidazoline Group

Switchable surfactants are environment-friendly compounds, which can be separated from the system or lose surface activity after completing their function during one stage of a process. In order to study switchable properties of a kind of CO₂ switchable surfactant with an imidazoline group, four 2-alkyl-1-hydroxyethylimidazolines were synthesized by condensation of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethanediamine with dodecanoic, tetradecanoic, hexadecanoic, and octadecanoic acids. Then, the series of long-chain alkyl imidazoline compounds were reacted with dry ice to produce imidazolinium bicarbonates cationic surfactants. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) and surface tension at CMC (??_cmc) measured by the Wilhelmy plate technique show that these surfactants have excellent surface activity. The changes of conductivity before and after bubbling CO₂ show the conversion between imidazolines and imidazolinium bicarbonates cationic surfactants. Conductivity cycles indicated that these surfactants could be switched by CO₂ reversibly and repeating this three times. However, their switchable function on the emulsification-demulsification of water-alkane was dissatisfactory due to the emulsibility of amide which was hydrolyzed from 2-alkyl-1-hydroxyethylimidazoline. Therefore, the application of these switchable surfactants needed to be studied further.     

氟表面活性剂的工业应用

介绍了氟表面活性剂的分类、结构及性质;主要综述了由于氟表面活性剂具有"三高"、"两憎"的独特性能,广泛应用于消防、皮革、石油、造纸、纺织印染及金属材料加工等工业领域,起到普通碳氢表面活性剂所不能的作用;指出了根据应用领域的不同,应从分子结构设计入手,有针对性地、有目的地研发氟表面活性剂新品种新工艺,拓展应用领域,注重氟表面活性剂与普通表面活性剂的复配研究。     

二聚表面活性剂性能的研究

二聚表面活性剂是一类新型的表面活性剂 ,是由两个单链单头基普通表面活性剂在离子头基处通过化学键联接而成。其独特的分子结构使其具有与传统表面活性剂不同的特性 ,如cmc值很低 ,降低水溶液表面张力的效率很高等。本文着重介绍该表面活性剂的结构特点、合成方法、性质及应用。     

具有附加值的表面活性剂的现状及研究进展（续完）

4通过物理触发来影响表面活性剂的自组装高性能表面活性剂能够对多种化学触发因素产生反应。这些方法的缺点是刺激响应过程相对缓慢,而且整个体系的组成可能会改变。纯物理触发的优点是——完全可逆性的机率更高,因为体系的组成保持不变因而它们可以更快地应用。     

The effect of nonionic surfactant structure on hemolysis

The hemolytic properties of polyoxyethylene-type nonionic surfactants were investigated in the concentration range of 0.1–5.0 wt/vol%. The effects of hydrophiliclipophilic balance, molecular weight, chemical structure and solubilizing ability of the nonionic surfactants in hemolysis are discussed. Bulky surfactants with three or four alkyl chains in their molecules, which show low solubilizing ability of lipids, were the least likely to induce hemolysis. Morphological observations of erythrocytes by video-enhanced microscopy showed that linear surfactants induce the formation of spherocytes and cause hemolysis, whereas bulky surfactants induce only morphological changes from discocytes to spheroechinocytes.     

Molecular dynamics simulation on the structure–activity relationship between the Gemini surfactant and foam properties

The structure–activity relationship between the molecular structure of Gemini surfactants and foam properties has not yet been deeply revealed. In this study, we clarified for the first time the structure–activity relationship between foam properties and molecular structure of Gemini surfactant by discussing the variation characteristics of parameters such as free energy of interface formation, radial distribution function, and mean square displacement calculated by molecular simulation method. The research results show that (1) the Gemini surfactant with the sulfonic acid head group has the most excellent foam properties; (2) the foam properties increase monotonously with the increase of the hydrophobic tail chain length; (3) the foam properties decrease monotonously with the increase of the spacer group length. It is hoped that this article can further broaden the application range of surfactants as foaming agents in industrial fields such as oil and gas exploitation.