基于微型表面等离子共振生物传感器 的葡萄糖浓度测量技术

葡萄糖是生物体和食品中普遍含有的一种重要物质,其浓度的高低直接影响着生物体功能的正常发挥和食品的质量,因此检测葡萄糖的浓度有重要的意义和作用.本文利用微型表面等离子共振生物传感器构造了葡萄糖测量实验系统,并通过葡萄糖溶液浓度的测量实验对系统的性能进行了评估,对实验现象进行了分析,探讨了测量结果的数据处理方法.实验系统对葡萄糖溶液的分辨率达到了6.25 mg/L,其精度高于其他采用折射率测量方法能够获得的葡萄糖溶液浓度的测量值.实验结果表明微型化的表面等离子共振测量装置在工业和医疗上的检测有很好的应用前景.     

微电极葡萄糖传感器的研究

<正> 糖是自然界中广泛存在的物质,分为单糖、双糖和多糖。葡萄糖即单糖,是构成糖类分子的最小单位,是动植物能量的主要来源。葡萄糖的含量直接反映出生物体的生理状况,尤其是对于人类,许多疾病的诊断与治疗都必须进行血液葡萄糖(血糖)和尿液葡萄糖(尿糖)浓度的测定。因而葡萄糖浓度是临床诊断、检验、监护中的重要参数和依据之一。     

一种葡萄糖氧化酶安培传感器研究

利用铁氰化钾作为电化学反应的媒介体,将葡萄糖氧化酶固定在羧甲基纤维素处理的碳电极表面,制成了一种新型的葡萄糖安培传感器.该传感器在恒电位0.4 V和葡萄糖氧化酶的催化作用下,使被检测物--葡萄糖--氧化,铁氰化钾还原,在电极表面产生灵敏氧化-还原峰,利用安培法可对葡萄糖进行间接测定.葡萄糖的测定范围为2.7～27 mmol/L,线性范围较好,拟合系数为0.997 8,灵敏度较当前葡萄糖传感器有明显的提高,11 s内即可达到输出稳态电流.同时该传感器对葡萄糖的测定避免了常规电化学传感器测定中样品所含大量的易氧化物质--如抗坏血酸和尿酸--带来的干扰.     

不同用量葡萄糖对土壤氮素转化的影响

通过利用不同用量葡萄糖和硫酸铵进行土壤样品室内培养并定期测定土壤中无机氮素含量和微生物量氮变化,研究了可利用碳源数量对土壤氮素转化的影响.结果表明,添加葡萄糖使土壤微生物活性明显提高,无机氮含量明显降低.土壤微生物对无机氮素固持作用显著增强,硝化作用则受到明显抑制.在整个培养期间,增加葡萄糖用量更有利于无机氮素的固持,可显著提高无机氮向有机氮的转化速率,说明可利用碳源的存在是促进土壤氮素转化与截获的关键因素.     

锇聚合物修饰的低浓度葡萄糖传感器制备与响应特性研究

将锇氧化还原聚合物与辣根过氧化酶共价交联修饰薄膜金电极,使用戊二醛交联固定葡萄糖氧化酶制得葡萄糖传感器,对传感器的制备条件和其对低浓度葡萄糖的响应特性进行了研究.在-0.1 V(vs.Ag|AgCl)电位下,该传感器的背景电流小于1 nA,检出限为1 μM,小于400 μM范围内灵敏度为2900 nA μM-1 (相关系数R=0.998),且能够消除抗坏血酸对葡萄糖测定的干扰,实现了低浓度葡萄糖的测定,为实现血糖的无创监测奠定了基础.     

PPy／PMo12膜修饰电极用于水体中化学需氧量测定的研究

该文利用电化学方法制备了聚吡咯掺杂磷钼杂多酸(PPy/PMo12)膜修饰电极,该修饰电极对溶液中的BrO3-有很好的电流响应.纳米TiO2-KBrO3共存体系可以光催化氧化水体中的有机物,体系中的BrO3-浓度变化可用制备的修饰电极进行测定,继而建立了一种利用PPy/PMo12膜修饰电极测定水体中化学需氧量(COD)的新方法.实验中以葡萄糖为标准物质,研究了测定机理,优化了测定条件.实验结果表明,该方法操作条件温和,能实现快速、准确的测定.COD值在50.0～500.0 mg·L-1浓度范围内,与修饰电极上的电流响应信号值成线性关系,检测限为25.0 mg·L-1.将该方法用于实际水样的检测,测定结果与COD标准分析法有好的一致性.     

乙酰水杨酸对番茄果实内各部位糖分含量的影响

采用不同浓度乙酰水杨酸处理番茄果实,对在不同发育阶段果实各部位组织中的糖分含量变化进行了测定,结果表明:在番茄果实不同发育期,果实果皮、胶质胎座和心室隔壁中果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量均表现不同程度的增加,但对果实维管束中糖分含量影响不大,说明乙酰水杨酸具有提高番茄糖分含量的作用。     

电极法与酶法测定葡萄糖的对比研究

采用电极法与酶法测定葡萄糖,并对两种方法进行比较.电极法与酶法测定葡萄糖的精密度、线性范围和平均回收率均符合要求.电极法和己糖激酶法间的相关系数为0.9966,两者差别无显著意义(P＞0.05);电极法和葡萄糖氧化酶法间的相关系数为0.9922,两者差别无显著意义(P＞0.05).精密度实验,酶法优于电极法;但抗干扰性和线性范围,电极法优于酶法.电极法和酶法均为测定葡萄糖的较好方法.     

牛胃中有细菌可使火星升温

研究人员认为,牛胃中能分泌气体的细菌有望能成为将来人类在火星上生存的关键因素. 科学家们已经在地球上创造了一个火星环境,在这个火星环境中,牛胃中的甲烷微生物类细菌一直都存活着.这种生物体在地球上是厌氧的.研究人员相信,这种生物体在火星的冰冻环境中也会"菌丁兴旺"的.     

检测尿酸和葡萄糖电极式试纸条的研制

根据双电极系统中铁氰化钾的电子媒介新模式原理研制一种电极式印制型尿酸和葡萄糖试条.试条由完全对等的丝网印制双碳电极组成.测定范围宽(-0.6～0.6 V),可根据检测物浓度和干扰情况选择测定电位和灵敏度.用尿酸和葡萄糖试纸条测试35例病人血清样品中尿酸和葡萄糖的含量,并与医院常规分析方法的测试结果对比,经配对T检验,双侧检验的概率P分别为0.427和0.079,测定结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).铁氰化钾作为电子媒介体,其电子媒介作用是通过其转化成亚铁氰化钾来实现的,任何可导致上述转化发生的物质都可以借助铁氰化钾为电子媒介来测定,合理使用媒介体可以达到检测高过电位物质或放大检测信号等目的.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。