M型钡铁氧体及其离子取代复合铁氧体制备现状

总结和详细评述了近年来M型钡铁氧体及其离子取代复合铁氧体超微粉末制备合成领域的一些最新研究进展,如溶胶-凝胶法、有机树脂法、化学共沉淀法、水热法、燃烧合成法、玻璃结晶法、微乳液法等.这些方法是当今合成超微粉末材料的重要方法.     

不同稀土元素掺杂M型钡铁氧体超微粉末的磁性研究

利用溶胶－凝胶自蔓延高温合成法制备了4种稀土元素（La、Nd、Sm、Gd）掺杂钡铁氧体超微粉末。就烯土元素的种类、稀土掺杂量、合成工艺条件对钡铁氧体磁学性能的影响进行了较系统的研究。采用振动样品磁强计对粉末的磁学性能进行了检测。     

硬脂酸凝胶法合成纳米钡铁氧体的红外吸收光谱研究

采用红外吸收光谱对硬脂酸凝胶法合成纳米钡铁氧体的合成过程进行了表征。首次观察到了纳米钡铁氧体的红外吸收峰展宽现象。红外吸收光谱在纳米钡铁氧体的合成中是一种有效的分析手段，提出了一种制备高稳定性γ－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３的新方法。     

吸附钡铁氧体的多孔陶粒吸波材料制备及其性能

以硝酸铁、硝酸钡、柠檬酸为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成钡铁氧体溶胶,将其吸附于多孔陶粒表面和微孔中,经焙烧制备得到电磁吸波功能陶粒;再将该功能陶粒用作集料制备新型水泥基复合吸波材料。研究了合成的钡铁氧体的物相、形貌、复介电常数和复磁导率;结果表明合成的钡铁氧体纯度高,合成温度对其结晶度和晶体形貌有影响,经1000℃煅烧制得的钡铁氧体具有良好的吸波能力;对制得的功能陶粒进行了测试,结果表明钡铁氧体能包覆至陶粒表面和孔壁上;采用弓形法测得的功能陶粒水泥基吸波材料在8~18GHz频率范围内的电磁波反射率明显优于采用碎石和普通陶粒制备的试样。     

M－型超微铁氧体粉末合成方法的进展

本文综述了近年来在Ｍ－型（磁铅石结构）铁氧体超微粉末合成领域的一些最新研究进展，包括有机树脂法、共沉淀法、水热法、金属有机物水解法、喷雾热解法、溶胶—凝胶法、微乳液法等。这些方法是合成粒径小于１００ｎｍ的铁氧体超微粉末的有效方法     

M—型超微铁氧体粉末合成方法的进展

本文综述了近年来在Ｍ－型（磁铅石结构）铁氧体超微粉末合成领域的一些最新研究进展，包括有机树脂法、共沉淀法、水热法、金属有机物水解法、喷雾热解法、溶胶－凝胶法、微乳液法等。这些方法是合成粒径小于１００ｎｍ的铁氧体超微粉末的有效方法。     

超临界流体干燥法制备钡铁氧体超细粉末──Ⅱ.红外吸收光谱的研究

对钡铁氧体的水凝胶、醇凝胶以及气凝胶的红外光谱进行了初步的观察，同时对不同焙烧温度及时间所得粉末的红外吸收光谱进行了考察。联系X-射线衍射结果，对钡铁氧体粉末的形成过程有了更进一步的认识。     

超临界流体干燥法制备钡铁氧化超细粉末：Ⅱ.红外吸收光谱的研究

对钡铁氧体的水凝胶、醇凝胶以及气凝胶的红外光谱进行了初步的观察，同时对不同焙烧温度及时间所得粉末的红外吸收光谱进行了考察。联系Ｘ－射线衍射结果，对钡铁氧体粉末的形成过程了更进一步的认识。     

掺杂稀土元素镧的钡铁氧体超微粉末的微波吸收特性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺杂稀土元素镧的钡铁氧体超微粉末,就镧元素的掺杂含量对钡铁氧体吸波性能的影响进行了对比研究.实验表明,用聚乙二醇凝胶法制备的BaLaxFe12-xO19超微粉末,当x为0.03时,对微波吸收效果最佳.在涂层厚度1.0mm,测试频段为7.5～11.9GHz内,吸收量均在25dB以上,在11.6GHz处,吸收峰值达41.4dB.     

钡铁氧体、炭黑填充聚氨酯软质泡沫基吸波材料性能的研究

通过陶瓷法制备了M型钡铁氧体，并对其进行了X射线衍射（XRD）分析和扫描电镜（SEM）的表征，结果表明在1300℃下煅烧3h空冷后经研磨得到均匀的铁氧体粉末，经XRD分析为较纯单相钡铁氧体，从SEM可以看出钡铁氧体的形貌主要呈六角形分布。用聚氨酯软质泡沫为基材，分别充填铁氧体、碳粉以及他们的混合体，制备了平板，通过弓形反射法测量聚氨酯软质泡沫复合材料的微波吸收性能，测试频段为4～8GHz。实验表明，充填5g铁氧体和15g炭黑的平板具有良好的吸波效果，反射系数约为-7dB。     

计量性是复杂工业产品技术状态控制及大数据管理的基石

以质量控制观念及大数据管理为视角,阐述了计量性的概念、意义和价值,指出了计量性实质上就是产品状态参量的可激励性、可控制性和可观测性。按照技术目标与能力要求,将计量性划分为5个不同的技术等级,以贯穿从产品的设计制造到使用维护的全寿命过程。讨论了计量性对提升产品成熟度的作用。     

碱硅酸反应与碱碳酸盐反应

碱集料反应（AAR）可分为两类,即碱硅酸反应（ASR）与碱碳酸盐反应（ACR）。二者的共同点是与碱发生的化学反应可导致混凝土中集料的体积增大,从而可能使混凝土甚至整个建筑物或构筑物发生膨胀开裂。文章着重从膨胀过程和机理以及岩石的结构特征探讨二者的特性与差异。ASR类型岩石具有碱活性的前提条件是较低的二氧化硅结晶完整度。只有隐晶质、微晶质、玻璃质或发生过应变的二氧化硅才会具有较高的化学活性,导致混凝土破坏。通过系统研究证实,对碱碳酸盐反应,虽然结晶的完整程度以及白云石（CaCO3·MgCO3）分子式中Ca/Mg比也将影响其与碱反应的速率,但起决定作用的是白云石晶体的尺寸及其在岩石中的分布状态和被基质包围的紧密程度。从微观结构得出的这些特征将有助于加深对碱集料反应膨胀机理的认识。文中还介绍了形成活性白云石的地质环境和碱硅酸反应与碱碳酸盐反应的区分方法。     

Fundamental mechanisms and their interactions in shear‐clinching technology and investigation of the process robustness

The compliance with increasingly stricter emission standards is a challenge for the automotive industry, which requires the utilization of lightweight materials e. g. aluminium and high‐strength steels. Hereby, the load‐optimized design of body parts and the reduction of wall thicknesses are enabled. But, due to the use of dissimilar materials, common joining technologies are reaching their limits. On the one hand, joining by welding is often not possible because of different melting temperatures. On the other hand, joining by forming with additional fasteners increases the cycle time and the costs. However, joining by forming without fasteners is often limited by the mechanical properties of the joining partners. The innovative shear‐clinching technology combines shear‐cutting and clinching in a single stage process and thereby enables joining by forming of materials with high differences regarding their mechanical properties. However, by the combination of the sub‐processes cutting and joining, the complexity of the technology is increased. Thus, within the scope of this work, the fundamental mechanisms in shear‐clinching and their interactions as well as the robustness of the process are analysed, in order to promote the applicability of the technology.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

A new features on S-waves propagation in a nonhomogeneous anisotropic incompressible medium under influence of gravity field and initial stress with and without electromagnetic field and rotation

The present article is concerned with the investigation of the propagation of shear waves in a nonhomogeneous anisotropic incompressible medium under the effect of the electromagnetic field, gravity field, rotation, and initial stress taking into account a comparison between presence and absence of magnetic field, initial stress, and rotation. Analytical analysis reveals that the velocity of propagation of the shear waves depends upon the direction of propagation, the anisotropy, magnetic field, rotation, gravity field, nonhomogeneity of the medium, and the initial stress. The frequency equation that determines the velocity of the shear waves has been obtained. Some special cases are also deduced from the present investigation. In fact, these equations are an agreement with the corresponding classical results when the medium is isotropic. Numerical results have been given and illustrated graphically in each case considered. The results indicate that the effects of gravity field, initial stress, magnetic field, electric field, anisotropy, and rotation are very pronounced. Also, the absence of initial stress, magnetic field, and rotation tends to increasing of the S-waves velocity compared with presence of them.     

波形记录仪触发延迟的测量不确定度评定

提出了使用正弦波激励评价波形记录仪触发延迟的新方法,通过一个波形在有触发延迟和无触发延迟时,采集序列间的相位差对应的时间差来最终判定触发延迟结果。讨论了影响评价结果不确定度的几个主要误差来源,包括信号源误差、采集序列的谐波失真、噪声与非谐波失真、抖动、软件拟合运算误差等,同时给出了不确定度评定结果。以一组实验结果验证了所述方法的有效性和切实可行性。     

化学示踪技术在民用爆炸物品流向监管中的作用

爆炸物品化学示踪技术是由我国自主研发成功的全新成果,其应用方式为将微量示踪剂均匀混合于爆炸物品中,借助每种示踪剂示踪编码的唯一性,为民用爆炸物品建立身份号码,在民爆物品的生产、运输、仓储、使用等各个环节,将民爆物品各有关信息与示踪编码进行绑定。该技术的应用将在民爆物品流向监管中起到多方面的作用,如跟踪记录民爆物品整个生命轨迹、落实责任到位、实现动态监控和预警、追溯民爆物品来源等,从而提升管理措施的实时性、动态性、有效性和工作效率,其首要的特点是实现了民爆物品的本体标识和炸前炸后溯源。     

尼尔斯·布兰森的标准观--用社会学的方法看标准化

本文对布兰森的著作《一个标准的世界》做了概述，重点介绍了他通过社会学方法建立的标准观，包括指令、标准、准则的基本概念以及它们之间的关系，针对标准化、市场、组织机构作为三种社会体制元素的讨论，以及本文作者根据布兰森的观点归纳出的指令、标准、准则关系模型，并在此基础之上初步探讨社会发展过程中的创新、规则以及体制之间的关系。作者认为布兰森的标准观从市场化的观点来看是站得住脚的，但是与我国标准化界的主流观点并不完全吻合，希望通过本文引起国内的讨论。     

Effect of process parameters and niobium carbide addition on microstructure and wear resistance of laser cladding nickel-based alloy coatings

Based on the background of the engineering application of automobile mold repair and surface strengthening, the effects of process parameters on the formation and microstructure of laser cladding nickel(Ni)-based alloy coating were studied. The optimal parameters were: laser power 2000 W, powder feeding rate 15 g/min, scanning speed 4 mm/s. Under this process, the cladding layer and the substrate can exhibit good metallurgical bonding, and the cladding layer has fine crystal grains and a low dilution ratio. On this basis, different mass fractions of niobium carbide (NbC) powder were added to the nickel-based powder and laser cladding was carried out on the surface of die steel. The phase composition, microstructure, hardness and wear resistance of the coating were studied. The results show that with the increasing of niobium carbide addition, the hardness of the cladding layer decreases, and the wear loss of the cladding layer decreases first and then increases. When the niobium carbide addition reaches 6 wt.%, the wear loss of the cladding layer is the least, and the wear resistance is the best.     

无机颗粒增强聚合物基复合材料耐磨性能影响因素研究进展

为了更好地指导无机颗粒增强聚合物基耐磨复合材料的优化设计,全面回顾了复合材料各组分对复合材料耐磨性能的影响。根据复合材料组成,将无机颗粒增强聚合物基复合材料耐磨性能影响因素分成5类:纳米/微米无机颗粒填充量、纳米/微米填充颗粒粒径、不同粒径无机颗粒的级配、无机颗粒与纤维的协同增强和无机颗粒表面处理。从能量角度,即各因素对材料内部结合键的断裂所吸收的外部冲击功和摩擦功的影响,分析了各因素对复合材料耐磨性能的影响。在回顾前两个因素对复合材料耐磨性影响时,发现都存在使材料耐磨性能最佳的最佳颗粒填充量和最佳颗粒粒径。对于微米颗粒(粒径50μm),颗粒填充量比粒径对复合材料耐磨性能影响更大,应尽可能提高颗粒最佳填充量。对于纳米颗粒,颗粒粒径则是影响材料耐磨性能的关键因素,应尽可能降低最佳颗粒粒径。另外,颗粒的表面改性和级配都能通过提高颗粒最佳填充量和综合力学性能来提高复合材料的耐磨性能。无机颗粒与纳米纤维的混杂填充使复合材料同时具备最优的耐磨性能、摩擦系数以及优异的变载荷适应性。