Photocatalytic activity of porous magnesium oxychloride cement combined with AC/TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> composites

As a decorative material, magnesium oxychloride cement was used as a photocatalyst supporter to purify the pollutants indoors. Due to excellent adsorption properties of activated carbon (AC), the photocatalytic composties, TiO₂/AC, were prepared and introduced into the porous magnesium oxychloride cement (PMOC) substrate to composite a sort of photocatalytic cementitious material (PCM). The optimal composite processes were assessed by gas chromatograph, using toluene as the target. By comparing the perspective of toluene purification and thorough decomposition, it can be found that the optimal mass ratio for TiO₂/AC composites is 4/25, and the heat treatment to TiO₂/AC sample at 350 °C can play the optimal synergetic role of adsorbents in photocatalytic process. The synergistic effect of TiO₂, AC and magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) was also evaluated by gas chromatograph. One-take molding process was adopted to introduce the TiO₂/AC into PMOC substrate, and its optimal mass fraction was 4 wt%, while the appropriate density of substrate was 0.35 g/cm3. Toluene degradation showed that the prepared PCM can degrade pollutants efficiently. The appropriate treatment process of TiO₂/AC, mass of TiO₂/AC, substrate density, and stable pore structure should be coordinated to maximize the adsorption-photodegradation performance. The combination of photocatalytic materials, adsorbents, and building materials provided a new idea for the application of photocatalysis.     

Microstructure and properties of cement foams prepared by magnesium oxychloride cement

Microstructural features including pore size distribution, cell walls and phase compositions of magnesium oxychloride cement foams (MOCF) with various MgO powders and water mixture ratios were studied. Their influences on compressive strength, water absorption and resistance of MOCF were also discussed in detail. The experimental results indicated that moderate and slight excess MgO powders (MgO/MgCl₂ molar ratios from 5.1 to 7) were beneficial to the formation of excellent microstructure of MOCF, but increasing water contents (H₂O/MgO mass ratios from 0.9 to 1.29) might result in opposite conclusions. The microstructure of MOCF produced with moderate and slight excess MgO powders could enhance the compressive strength, while serious excess MgO powders addition (MgO/MgCl₂ molar ratios = 9) would destroy the cell wall structures, and therefore decrease the strength of the system. Although MOCF produced with excess MgO powders could decrease the water absorption, its softening coefficient was lower than that of the material produced with moderate MgO powders. This might be due to the instability of phase 5, the volume expansion and cracking of cell walls as immersed the sample into water.     

大流动性高强轻集料混凝土的研究

为设计出具有大流动性性能的高强或超高强轻集料混凝土，分别研究了水胶比、砂率、轻集料最大粒径3个关键技术参数和矿物掺合料组成设计对混凝土工作性能和抗压强度的影响规律，确定了配制LC50～LC60自密实高强轻集料混凝土的主要技术方法，制备出坍落度为240mm以上、扩展度达到680～700mm、28d抗压强度超过60MPa的大流动性高强轻集料混凝土。     

高温天气下水泥沥青砂浆的工作性能调整与灌注技术

针对高温天气下水泥沥青砂浆施工经常出现的工作性能损失过快及施工灌注困难等问题,从材料学原理及施工工艺两方面分析了原因并介绍了相应的解决思路与施工技术,即通过控制水泥的水化速率及提高乳化沥青的水泥适应性改善砂浆的耐高温性能,通过控制原材料温度及对预湿工艺和灌注节奏进行管控来解决高温下施工困难的问题,这有效地保证了高温天气复杂工况下水泥沥青砂浆工作性能调整及施工。     

CdO对硅酸三钙形成的影响及其固溶效应

C3S作为水泥熟料中最重要的矿物之一,其矿物结构和水化活性会受到固溶重金属离子的影响。利用化学分析、XRD、EDS-SEM和AFS等测试手段,研究了CdO对C3S矿物形成的影响及其在C3S中的固化能力,并探讨了镉离子在C3S中的固溶机理。研究表明:随着CdO掺量的增加,fCaO含量先减少后增加。当掺量小于1.0%时,CdO的掺入有利于C3S晶粒的形成和生长。掺杂后C3S中没有新相的行成,且C3S均为单斜结构:MⅠ型。烧成过程中,部分镉元素以CdO的形式挥发,且随着CdO掺量的提高,残留率逐渐降低。依据固溶体形成条件表明:镉离子主要取代钙离子形成置换固溶体((3-x)CaO·xCdO·SiO2),极少量的镉离子可能会进入钙氧八面体空隙形成间隙型固溶体(3CaO·yCdO·SiO2)。     

基于微米划痕的水泥基材料断裂韧性测试与分析方法

水泥基材料脆性突出、易开裂是其工程应用亟须解决的关键难题。对水泥基材料各物相的微观脆性进行解析,并建立与其水泥基材料整体脆性之间的联系,是对水泥基材料进行增韧设计的基础和关键。采用微米划痕实验,获得断裂韧性-位移曲线,并联合高分辨扫描电子显微镜分析划痕区域所对应的物相,实现了水泥浆体及其微观物相断裂韧性的定量表征,从而建立了水泥浆体整体脆性与水化硅酸钙凝胶脆性之间的联系。     

集料组成对次轻混凝土宏观性能影响的研究

研究了集料组成对次轻混凝土宏观性能的影响规律，通过调整集料组成配制出了密度在2200kg／m^3左右，强度大于60MPa的次轻混凝土。结果表明，集料组成能明显地影响次轻混凝土的表观密度、抗压强度、抗拉强度和弹性模量。     

内养护预拌混凝土性能与应用研究

研究了高吸水树脂(SAP)对高水胶比普通预拌混凝土工作性能、力学性能、收缩性能的影响,结果表明SAP的引入会在一定程度上增加外加剂的掺量,比普通预拌混凝土约提高0.1%~0.2%。SAP对混凝土的早期强度有一定的负面影响,后期强度比普通混凝土略高。SAP对预拌混凝土的干燥收缩有较好的补偿作用,有助于降低开裂风险。对比了内养护预拌混凝土,膨胀剂混凝土及普通混凝土在高温炎热环境条件下的道面应用效果,结果表明内养护混凝土应用效果良好,而膨胀剂混凝土及普通混凝土地坪均有不同程度的开裂,显示出内养护技术对于解决混凝土的干燥收缩开裂问题具有较好的效果。     

木浆纤维水泥基材料力学性能的试验研究北大核心

利用木浆纤维制备了水泥基复合材料,研究了木浆纤维掺量、水灰比等因素对水泥基复合材料力学性能及界面微观结构的影响。结果表明,木浆纤维对水泥基复合材料具有增强作用,且存在最佳掺量。当木浆纤维掺量一定,水灰比为0.3时,对基体的增强效果最为明显;当水灰比一定时,纤维的最佳掺量为1 kg/m^3,在此掺量下,水泥基复合材料抗折和抗压强度分别提高9.4%和15.3%。对木浆纤维进行了碱处理,测得其抗腐蚀能力较好。使用SEM分析发现木浆纤维的掺入可以有效改善材料的孔结构和微裂纹,从而提高了水泥基复合材料的力学性能。     

SAP对高水胶比混凝土塑性开裂的影响

针对高水胶比混凝土早期开裂严重影响混凝土耐久性能的问题,研究了掺量(质量分数)为0.2%,0.3%和0.4%的高吸水性树脂(SAP)对高水胶比(质量比0.5)混凝土特定状态下的早期抗裂性能、力学性能和体积稳定性能的影响,并结合水分蒸发试验,研究了掺入SAP后混凝土的失水规律.结果表明:掺入SAP后,可显著提高高水胶比混凝土的早期抗裂性能,SAP掺量为0.2%,0.3%和0.4%的混凝土早期开裂面积分别降低了81%,88%和98%,SAP的掺入能够明显减缓混凝土的水分挥发,抑制其体积收缩,并且不会对混凝土的力学强度造成较大的负面影响.