带限信号外推法

描述在无限时间区域(-∞,∞内信号x的固有特征的经典方法是付里叶分析。具体地说,这样的分析一开始就要计算付氏积分变换:X(ω)=∫_-∞^∞f(t)e^-jωtdt(1)     

Finite-size and gravity effects on the thermal conductivity of4He near the λ line

This paper reviews the opportunities for microgravity and Earth-based measurements of the thermal conductivityλ(t, L) of⁴He confined in cylindrical geometries of radiusL with axial heat flow at temperatures near the bulk superfluid-transition lineT _λ (P) (t is the reduced temperatureT/T _λ −1). It provides an evaluation of existing data forL=1 μm nearT _λ at saturated vapor pressure (SVP), and uses these to derive a scaling function for the resistivityR(t, L)=1/λ(t, L). The purpose of future measurements over a wide range ofL and of the pressureP will be to test the applicability of this function. In the present paper the scaling function is used to assess quantitatively the effect of gravity on potential Earth-based measurements. It is found that the gravity effect forR is particularly severe belowT _λ . For typical three-mm-high samples at SVP, values ofL significantly larger than 8 μm can only be investigated fully in micro-gravity. At higher pressures the gravity effect is larger. At 30 bar, three-mm samples withL≳4 μm require microgravity for measurements belowT _λ (P). Modern thermometry has sufficient resolution to permit quantitative measurements in micro-gravity of the anticipated finite-size effect for values ofL as large as 50 μm.     

Kinetics of Reactions of Np and Pu Ions with Hydrazine Derivatives: XVIII. Reaction between Np(V) and Hydroxyethylhydrazine

The Np(V) reduction with hydroxyethylhydrazine is described by the equation −d[Np(V)]/dt = k ₁[Np(V)][HOC₂H₄N₂H ₄ ⁺ ] + k ₂[Np(V)][Np(IV][H⁺]^1.8, reflecting its main and autocatalytic pathways. The rate constants are k ₁ = 0.31±0.04 l mol⁻¹ min⁻¹ and k ₂ = 4.04±0.11 l^2.8 mol^−2.8 min⁻¹ at 80°C and ionic strength μ = 4. The activation energies are E ₁ = 90±6 and E ₂ = 116±4 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively. The autocatalytic pathway is limited by the reaction between hydroxyethyldiazenium ions, HOC₂H₄N₂H ₂ ⁺ and protonated Np(V) ions. __________ Translated from Radiokhimiya, Vol. 47, No. 2, 2005, pp. 150–153. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2005 by V. Koltunov, Baranov, G. Koltunov.     

Kinetics of Technetium Reactions: XV. Tc(IV) Oxidation with Persulfate Ions in HClO<Subscript>4</Subscript> Solution

Tc(IV) is oxidized with persulfate ions in HClO₄ solution by reactions with both S₂O ₈ ²⁻ ion and product of its thermal decomposition, Caro acid, H₂SO⁵. The reaction rate at 35°C and solution ionic strength μ = 1 is described by the equation d[Tc(IV)]/dt = k ₁[Tc(IV)][S₂O ₈ ²⁻ ] + k ₃[Tc(IV)][HSO ₅ ⁻ ]/[H⁺], where k ₁ = 0.88±0.04 l mol⁻¹ min⁻¹ and k ₃ = 110±5 min⁻¹. With increasing ionic strength to μ = 2, both rate constants decrease (k ₁ = 0.58±0.08 l mol⁻¹ min⁻¹ and k ₃ = 52±2 min⁻¹ at 35°C). The activation energy of the overall reaction is 77.7±8.1 kJ mol⁻¹. The mechanisms of both reactions are discussed. __________ Translated from Radiokhimiya, Vol. 47, No. 2, 2005, pp. 145–149. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2005 by V. Koltunov, Gomonova, G. Koltunov.     

Preferred orientation of AlN plates prepared by chemical vapour deposition of AlCl3 + NH3 system

Aluminium nitride (AlN) plates about 1 mm thick (maximum) were prepared by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) at the maximum deposition rate of 430 nm s⁻¹ using AlCl₃, NH₃ and H₂ gases at deposition temperatures,T _dep, of 873–1473 K. The effects of deposition conditions on the preferred orientation, morphology and micro-structure were investigated. WhenT _dep was less than 1073 K, the resulting CVD AlN plates contained some impurity chlorine and the aluminium content exceed the nitrogen content. WhenT _dep exceeded 1173 K, no chlorine was detected, and the Al/N atomic ratio matched the stoichiometric value. The lattice parameters (a=0.311 nm,c=0.4979 nm) and density (3.26×10³ kgm⁻³) were in agreement with values reported previously. The crystal planes oriented parallel to the substrates changed from (1 1 ˉ2 0) to (1 0 ˉ1 0) to (0001) with increasing total gas pressure (P _tot) and decreasingT _dep. This tendency is discussed thermodynamically and is explained by the change of supersaturation in the gas phase.     

Photoelectrochemical investigation on spray depositedn-CdIn2S4 thin films

Polycrystalline thin films ofn-CdIn₂S₄ have been spray deposited onto amorphous and fluorinedoped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates at the optimized substrate temperature of 380°C. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical absorption studies. XRD studies revealed that the films were polycrystalline with spinel cubic structure. The optical absorption studies showed the band gap energy to be 2·14 eV. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) investigations were carried out using cell configurationn-CdIn₂S₄/1 M NaOH+1 M Na₂S+1 M S/C. Using Butler model, the optical band gap and minority carrier diffusion length (L _P) were found to be 2·22 eV and 0·07 μm, respectively. Gartner’s model was used to calculate the minority carrier diffusion length and the donor concentration (N _D) for CdIn₂S₄ films at three different wavelengths.N _D was found to be of the order of 10¹⁶ cm⁻³.     

声波作用下的单圆柱绕流及传热特性数值研究

为了研究声波对单圆柱绕流流动和传热特性的影响,建立了流场、声场、对流传热多物理场耦合的二维数学模型,并利用有限元软件COMSOL进行数值模拟。结果表明：（1）当频率f=50 Hz、声压级L_SP=123～149 dB时,斯特劳哈尔数Sr随声压级增大而减小,圆柱表面压力系数C_P随声压级增大而增大;（2）L_SP=143 dB、f=20～80 Hz时,斯特劳哈尔数Sr、压力系数C_P均随频率f增大而增大;（3）对比f=50 Hz、L_SP=143 dB声波作用与无声波作用的情况,阻力系数C_DF和升力系数C_DL都呈周期性变化,但有声波作用时振幅增大;（4）声波作用会促进圆柱表面热量传递,但当L_SP>143 dB,圆柱表面局部努塞尔数Nu_θ开始减小。该研究结果为强化圆柱绕流传热提供了理论研究基础。     

Modified sol-gel process for the preparation of BaTiO3 and PbTiO3 ferroelectric films

A modified method for preparing barium and lead titanate films is suggested, which combines precipitation from solution and elements of sol-gel processing. The ∼1-μm-thick BaTiO₃/Pt and PbTiO₃/Pt films deposited on Pt foil are transparent, show good adhesion, and have the 1 : 1 : 3 stoichiometry. The films are finegrained, with a mean grain size of 0.1–0.2 μm. The barium titanate films are characterized byt _C = 110-125°C, ε₂₀ = 167-500, tanδ₂₀ = 0.015-0.06, ε_max = 1050,P _s= 3.2 μC/cm²,E _c = 14 kV/cm, ρ = (5-7) × 10⁹ Ω cm, andV _br = 80-150 kV/cm. The lead titanate films are characterized byc/a = 1.056, ε₂₀ = 105-110, tanδ₂₀ = 0.11-0.16,P _s = 4.1 μC/cm²,E _c = 34 kV/cm, ρ = (0.8-3.0) × 10⁹ Ω cm, andV _br = 50-100 kV/cm.     

NO3为配体的超卤素/飙卤素的理论研究

以超卤素M(NO₃)₂-(M=Li, Na)为基元,构建了超卤素团簇Mn(NO₃)n+1-(M=Li, Na;n=2,3)。采用密度泛函理论研究了这些团簇的结构、垂直电离能(VDE)、 绝热电离能(ADE)等性质。M₂(NO₃)₃-由超碱金属M₂(NO₃)⁺与NO₃-结合形成,结果显示,用超碱金属取代碱金属作为团簇的中心, M₂(NO₃)₃的VDE不升反降。M₃(NO₃)₄-由金属原子与超卤素M(NO₃)₂-结合形成,碱金属是团簇中心。M₃(NO₃)₄- 的VDE大于基元,形成了飙卤素。而且通过最高占据轨道与最低非占据轨道间的能级差(HOMO-LUMO gap)的计算结果发现,随着碱金属原子数目的增加,团簇的化学稳定性越高。     

Al2O3-SiO2纤维增强ZL108合金复合材料的强度特性

用低成本的Al₂O₃-SiO₂系纤维作为增强相,通过加压铸造法制作ZL108合金复合材料,并对该复合材料和ZL108合金进行不同温度下的时效处理和压缩试验。通过DSC、EPMA和TEM分析认为:经488K、0.5h时效处理(T6处理)的V_f 20%的复合材料在573K以下的压缩屈服强度低于ZL108合金,是由于基体中的Mg与Al₂O₃-SiO₂纤维在加压铸造过程中起化学反应而生成MgAl₂O₄,损耗了基体中的大量Mg,导致基体铝合金时效硬化效果很差,所以压缩屈服强度低下。623K、720h保温后的V_f 20%的复合材料的压缩屈服强度比ZL108合金要高得多,是由于在这种温度环境下对ZL108合金来说是过时效,所以纤维的增强怍用显得明显。在高温(673K)下V_f 20%的复合材料的屈服强度比ZL108台金高一倍左右。不论在什么温度场合下V_f5%的复合材料的屈服强度比V_f 20%的复合材料都低。     

超声血流向量成像技术探讨颈动脉球部壁面剪切应力的影响因素

目的：运用超声血流向量成像(Vector Flow Imaging, V Flow)技术探讨颈动脉球部自体解剖结构及血流动力学因素对壁面剪切应力(Wall Shear Stress, WSS)的影响。方法：选取颈动脉超声检查正常患者 70例,将 V Flow感兴趣区置于颈总动脉分叉部及颈内动脉起始段。测量颈动脉球部与颈总动脉间角度(θ)、测量收缩末期颈动脉球部(Carotid Bulb, CB)膨大最明显处内径(D_CB)与颈总动脉末段内径(D_CCA)的比值(D_CB/D_CCA)、测量颈动脉球部分流量(Q_CB)与颈总动脉末段流量(Q_CCA)的比值(Q_CB/Q_CCA)、描记颈动脉球部血流紊乱区可视化面积(A_CB)以及测量颈动脉球部起始段内侧平均壁面剪切应力(WSSI-CB)和外侧平均壁面剪切应力(WSS_E-CB),并对上述各项参数进行统计学分析。结果：(1)颈动脉球部起始段 WSS_I-CB值为(0.88±0.30) Pa,外侧 WSS_E-CB值为(0.32±0.15) Pa,外侧壁明显小于内侧壁,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。(2)颈动脉球部与颈总动脉夹角 θ值为(24.5±12.1)°,与 WSS_E-CB相关系数为r=-0.171,二者无相关性且差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);颈动脉球部膨大最明显处内径与颈总动脉末段内径比值 D_CB/D_CCA为(0.66±0.09),与 WSS_E-CB值呈负相关,相关系数为r=-0.312,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)颈动脉球部分流量与颈总动脉末段流量比值Q_CB/Q_CCA为(0.69±0.15),与 WSS_E-CB值呈正相关,相关系数为r=0.428,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);颈动脉球部血流紊乱区面积 A_CB为(0.27±0.17) cm²,与 WSSE-CB值呈负相关,相关系数分别为 r=-0.545,差异有统计学意义(P< 0.01)。结论：颈动脉球部血流量、血流紊乱区面积及膨大程度是影响外侧壁面剪切应力 WSS的主要因素,而与颈动脉球部发出角度的关系并不密切。     

Preparation of tetragonal zirconia powders by a solid state reaction: Kinetics, phases and morphology

Powders of tetragonal (t)ZrO₂ have been prepared by a solid state reaction between sodium metazirconate and sodium metaphosphate. The reaction temperatures and times have been varied between 450 and 550°C and 5 and 75 h, respectively. Zirconia powder, mostly in thet andt′ phases, is obtained. The yield of ZrO₂ powder increases monotonically with time at all reaction temperatures according to a phase boundary controlled kinetics. The fraction oft phase also increases with time at 450°C and 500°C but goes through a maximum at 550°C, the highest temperature employed. A maximum of 55% of the precursor monoclinic zirconia (used to prepare sodium meta zirconate) is converted tot phase at 500°C/75 h. The ZrO₂ powder consists of crystallites of size 9–25 nm agglomerated into particles having average size between 2 and 4μm. The agglomerates have a breaking strength of 100 MPa. A hydrothermal treatment is found to break the agglomerates into smaller sizes. Grinding the powder in a mortar and pestle converts only 12% of thet phase into monoclinic, indicating that substantial fraction of the tetragonal phase is the non transformable varietyt′. Heating experiments also confirm this.     

Insulating ZnO film on silicon for MIS application

High resistive zinc oxide thin film (∼ 0·5 μm) was deposited on single crystalp-silicon (100) wafers by an inexpensive spray-CVD method and was characterized both optically and electrically. Al/ZnO/Si (MIS) device structure was subsequently fabricated and bothI − V andC − V characteristics were studied. The semiconductor-insulator interface charge density (D _it) was calculated by Terman method and was found to be 3·85 × 10¹¹ cm⁻²eV⁻¹.     

一种新型离子型铱配合物的合成及其光物理性能表征

以氯桥二聚体(ppy)₂Ir(μ-Cl₂)Ir(ppy)₂、4,4′-二溴-2,2′-联吡啶和六氟磷酸钠为原料合成了一种新型离子型铱配合物[Ir(ppy)₂(Br_2bpy)]⁺PF₆-,产率90%。采用元素分析、红外光谱、核磁谱以及质谱表征确认了目标产物的结构,并考察了其光物理性能。结果发现,配合物[Ir(ppy)₂(Br_2bpy)]⁺PF₆-在630 nm处具有很强的红光发射光谱。并采用溶剂缓慢挥发法培养出[Ir(ppy)₂(Br_2bpy)]⁺PF₆-的单晶,X射线单晶衍射仪对其结构进行了表征,获得了晶体结构参数,结果表明配合物为正交晶系,P2₁₂₁₂₁空间群。     

复合材料中增强粒子与基体中微观应力和残余应力分析

按球对称模型对粒子增强复合材料中热膨胀差(DCTE)热应力和残余应力进行了弹-塑性分析。结果表明,热应力或残余应力具有短程分布特点;粒子内部为常水静应力,界面和基体中径向应力与粒子内部同号,切向和周向应力与径向应力符号相反。存在一个基体发生初始屈服的临界温差t_P,屈服范围随温差|t|而扩大。单程变温产生的残余应力与热应力完全相同;经过一个热循环后,若温差小于t_P则残余应力为零;若大于t_P,则在粒于和基体中产生残余应力。讨论了粒子形状和尺寸对残余应力和基体塑性变形对复合材料性能的影响。     

Effect of laser irradiation on the superconducting properties of high-T c SmBa2Cu3O x

Studies of the effect of high power laser (Q-switched Ruby laser, 694 nm, 30 ns) irradiation on the critical current density (J _c ) and magnetic hysteresis at 77K and temperature variation of microwave induced d.c. voltage on SmBa₂Cu₃O _x ceramic samples have been performed. Irradiation did not substantially changeT _c but caused a strong increase inJ _c and magnetic hysteresis at 77K. The microwave-induced d.c. voltage at 77K showed appreciable decrease after irradiation. SEM studies showed grain growth due to sintering which improves the interconnectivity among the superconducting grains. These are attributed to physical densification and consequent reduction in the number of weak links. The increase of magnetic hysteresis after laser irradiation is presumably connected with the creation of defects which act as pinning centres. Thermal modelling suggests that on irradiation the surface melts up to a depth of 1μ and laser-induced evaporation occurs at energy density of 2·5 J/cm².     

Ti-Al-Nb合金的热变形与动态再结晶行为研究

目的 建立本构方程及动态再结晶模型,描述热变形条件对Ti-Al-Nb合金动态再结晶以及合金软化的影响规律。方法 基于热模拟压缩变形试验,获得Ti-Al-Nb系合金在不同热变形工艺参数下的应力应变曲线。采用双曲正弦模型表征流动应力,通过线性回归等数据处理方式求得各参数的具体数值。结果 求得动态再结晶活化能Q=197.626 kJ/mol,材料常数A的平均值为3.173×10⁶,建立流动应力本构方程。Z/A为无量纲参数,通过最小二乘线性拟合求得ε^*=344×10⁵(Z/A)^0.495,εc=16.15(Z/A)^0.24。结论 Ti-Al-Nb系合金在峰值应力出现之前均发生了动态再结晶:当应变速率较高时,在流动稳定前会发生强烈的软化,曲线显现双峰;当应变速率较低时,在加工硬化和软化作用达到平衡后逐渐进入稳定阶段,此时曲线显现单峰。研究结果将为Ti-Al-Nb系合金的精密塑性成形提供一定的技术参考和理论依据。     

Leaching of manganese ore with aqueous sulphur dioxide solutions

Manganese can be easily leached from chemically inert manganese ore by aqueous solutions of SO₂. Total manganese dissolution occurs at 650 rpm, 0·2% solid, 426μm, pH=1 and 310 K in only 6–8 min. The rate data for managanese fits the equation: 1 − 2/3α − (1 −α)^2/3=kt. Diffusion through the siliceous layer appears to be rate-controlling.     

不同类型的基体对0-3型压电复合材料性能的影响

制备了PZT/环氧树脂和PZT/尼龙两种0-3型压电复合材料。研究表明,以尼龙-1010为基体的复合材料的饱和极化电场E_s和时间t_s均比环氧树脂E-20为基体的复合材料低,而压电系数d₃₃却比后者高。     

Formation Mechanism of Microstructure of Fe2(MoO4)3/Si3N4 Composite Powder by Hydrogen Reduction

观测Fe₂(MoO₄)₃和Fe₂(MoO₄)₃/Si₃N₄粉末H₂还原后的微结构特征, 研究了其微观组织结构的演变。 结果表明: Fe₂(MoO₄)₃还原后转变为20 nm厚的Fe薄层包覆Mo颗粒的微结构; Fe₂(MoO₄)₃/Si₃N₄粉末被还原后转变为两种结构形式颗粒粉末, 一种为3--5 nm的薄层Fe包覆在Mo颗粒表面粉末, 一种为粘附有纳米Fe--Mo氮化物、Si、Mo等颗粒的Si₃N₄粉末。Fe₂(MoO₄)₃/Si₃N₄粉末还原后形成这种微结构的原因是, 在还原过程中同时发生了两种反应: 一种是Fe₂(MoO₄)₃自身发生分解还原反应, 另一种是Fe₂(MoO₄)₃与Si₃N₄颗粒表面发生反应。