高灼热丝阻燃玻纤增强聚丙烯的研究

采用双螺杆挤出机共混的方法分别制备了氮–磷膨胀型阻燃聚丙烯(PP)、溴–锑阻燃PP、氮–磷–溴–锑复配阻燃PP和氮–磷–溴–锑复配阻燃玻纤(GF)增强PP,通过力学性能测试、垂直燃烧测试、灼热丝燃烧测试、扫描电子显微镜和热重分析研究了阻燃PP的力学性能、阻燃性能和热性能。结果表明,不同阻燃体系阻燃PP的垂直燃烧等级均达到V–0级,灼热丝引燃温度均高于790℃;氮–磷–溴–锑复配阻燃剂的阻燃效果最优,其阻燃PP的灼热丝引燃温度可达850℃以上;添加10%的GF可有效提高氮–磷–溴–锑复配阻燃PP的力学性能,其拉伸强度、悬臂梁缺口冲击强度、弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量分别为纯PP的1.59倍、1.56倍、1.93倍和1.88倍,同时灼热丝引燃温度仍在850℃以上,残炭率为23.6%。     

溴-锑复配体系对机场油库混凝土设施迷彩涂料阻燃性研究

针对机场油库混凝土设施对迷彩涂料阻燃性能特殊要求,设计了溴-锑复配体系阻燃剂基本组成配方。通过燃烧性能测试和热失质量分析研究了不同Br/Sb物质的量之比下复配体系的阻燃效果,得到了阻燃效果较好的最佳配比(物质的量之比为3∶1),并分析了溴-锑阻燃剂复配体系的协同阻燃机理。结果表明:溴-锑复配体系应用于伪装涂料后阻燃性能好,满足油库防火安全要求。     

卤-锑阻燃体系对热塑性聚酯弹性体性能的影响

采用高分子型溴系阻燃剂溴化环氧树脂(EP-B)、溴化聚苯乙烯(PS-B)及小分子型溴系阻燃剂十溴二苯乙烷(DBDPE)协同Sb2O3作为卤-锑阻燃体系,研究卤-锑阻燃体系对热塑性聚酯弹性体(TPEE)性能的影响。研究表明,当溴系阻燃剂的质量分数为18%时,均能使TPEE达到UL94 V-0级别,极限氧指数达到27%以上,EP-B,PS-B分别与DBDPE复配使用时的阻燃效果优于EP-B,PS-B单独使用时的阻燃效果;EP-B和PS-B与TPEE具有较好的相容性,两者分别与DBDPE复配时可改善DBDPE与TPEE的相容性;当溴系阻燃剂的质量分数为18%时,EP-B和PS-B分别与DBDPE复配使用,可减少单独使用DBDPE阻燃TPEE力学性能的下降程度;添加阻燃剂改变了TPEE的热失重过程,与EP-B,PS-B阻燃TPEE的残炭率相比,两者分别与DBDPE复配后,阻燃TPEE的残炭率下降约20%。     

高灼热丝阻燃增强PA/PBT合金材料

将十溴二苯乙烷、磷酸酯类阻燃剂、磷氮复配无机阻燃剂复配成三种不同这阻燃剂体系,研究了它们对聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯/聚酰胺(PA/PBT)合金材料的灼热丝、阻燃及力学性能的影响。结果表明,磷酸酯类复配阻燃剂效果最好,使PA/PBT合金能够达到灼热丝时间小于2 s的要求,且对合金的力学性能影响最小,性价比最高。     

BPS添加量对阻燃级尼龙66性能的影响

本文采用熔融共混法,同时加入溴锑阻燃剂和长玻纤对聚酰胺66进行增强及阻燃复合改性,制备阻燃剂聚酰胺66复合材料。结果表明,随着溴锑阻燃剂添加量的增加,改性材料的阻燃性能同步提高,材料的力学性能则呈现下降的趋势;当溴化聚苯乙烯添加量为18%时,材料阻燃性能达到UL94 V-0级,此时材料的拉伸强度为142.23MPa,弯曲强度为182.15MPa,缺口冲击强度为9.15 kJ/m~2,满足我国塑料阻燃相关规定要求的同时,其力学性能也满足相关市场需求。     

阻燃剂对玻纤增强尼龙66性能的影响

比较和分析了不同类型阻燃剂对玻纤增强尼龙（PA）66性能的影响。结果表明，在PA常用阻燃剂卤化物，红磷和氮化物中，红磷是帛得具有良好力学性能，电性能的阻燃增强PA66的最佳阻燃剂：溴化物阻燃的玻纤增强PA66也具有良好的综合性能；氮化物需加入较多的用量才能获得同样的阻燃效果；采用氮－磷或溴－磷复合阻燃体系可提高阻燃效果，减少阻燃剂总用量，从而保持玻纤增强PA66较高的力学性能，使其有更优异的使用性能。     

磷、溴阻燃剂在PC/ABS合金中的应用

对阻燃PC／ABS合金所用的阻燃剂进行了对比试验。结果表明。当PC／ABS质量比为7：3时，添加阻燃PC／ABS合金量的13％左右的溴系阻燃剂，可使材料的阻燃性能达到UL-94 V-0级（1．6mm）；磷酸酯系阻燃剂由于对ABS的阻燃效果不好，只有在材料中PC质量分数大于70％时，才有阻燃效果；用溴-磷酸酯系阻燃剂，即使在材料中PC质量分数为50％时，也能达到UL-94 V-0级（1.6mm），说明磷与溴在PC／ABS合金中有协效作用，将磷酸酯系阻燃剂与溴系阻燃剂复配使用．在阻燃PC／ABS合金中．亦有类似的效果。     

玻纤增强阻燃PA6复合材料的制备与研究

从磷-氮系阻燃剂、阻燃剂类型、协效阻燃剂三个方面制备和研究了高冲击强度、高阻燃性能的玻纤增强阻燃尼龙6(PA6)复合材料。结果表明:三种方法都可以达到阻燃V-0;在溴-锑阻燃基础上,添加磷-氮系阻燃剂,可以提高玻纤增强阻燃PA6的阻燃性,但是会降低力学性能;红磷阻燃制备的复合材料的冲击性能最好;溴-锑阻燃制备的复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度最高,冲击性能最低;有机次膦酸盐制备的复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度最低,冲击性能适中;协效阻燃剂可以降低溴-锑的含量,降低材料成本,阻燃性能保持不变,拉伸强度和弯曲强度略有下降,冲击性能略有上升。得出如下结论:红磷阻燃剂质量分数是6%,以及F2400∶三氧化二锑∶协效阻燃剂质量分数比=17∶5∶2时,玻纤增强阻燃尼龙6复合材料的冲击性能最好,阻燃性达到UL94(1.6 mm)V-0。     

磷-氮-溴/POE协效阻燃体系在聚丙烯薄膜中的应用研究

考察了磷-氮-溴阻燃体系与聚烯烃弹性体(POE)对聚丙烯(PP)的协效阻燃作用,通过对PP薄膜阻燃和力学等性能的研究,分析了POE与磷-氮-溴阻燃体系的协效作用机理。结果表明:将POE与磷-氮-溴阻燃体系按1:1的比例复配,所得复合阻燃剂能取得良好的协同阻燃效果,其中当协效阻燃剂的添加量为9%时,PP薄膜的阻燃等级达到UL 94VTM-0级,且具备优异的综合性能。     

高流动、高韧性阻燃ABS的研制

采用熔融挤出的方法制备了高流动、高韧性阻燃ABS。研究了阻燃剂、热塑性弹性体（SBS）、氯化聚乙烯（CPE）、聚氯乙烯（PVC）和纳米SiO2对ABS树脂力学性能和阻燃性能的影响。结果表明：溴-锑阻燃剂的用量在13．5％～18％时，ABS树脂可以达到很好的阻燃效果，但它同时也使ABS树脂的冲击强度下降很多；在阻燃ABS体系中加入SBS或CPE或PVC以及CPE与PVC的混合物，可以提高ABS树脂的冲击强度；采用CPE和PVC以及纳米SiO2等材料组成的配方体系，可以制得高流动、高韧性阻燃ABS树脂，该树脂具有良好的力学性能和阻燃性能。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。