Load compensation using DSTATCOM in three-phase,three-wire distribution system under various source voltage and delta connected load conditions

This paper deals with a Distribution STATic COMpensator (DSTATCOM) for balancing of source currents, power factor correction and harmonic mitigation in three-phase, three-wire distribution system supplying delta connected load under various source voltage conditions. The control strategy applied to the DSTATCOM play a major role in its performance. A novel approach based on an improved instantaneous active and reactive current component (IARCC) theory is proposed for generation of three-phase reference currents for DSTATCOM. A three-phase voltage source converter with a dc bus capacitor is employed as DSTACOM which will track the reference currents in a hysteresis band scheme. The performance of DSTATCOM is evaluated under sinusoidal, unbalanced sinusoidal and unbalanced distorted source voltage conditions. Variation in load current, variation in magnitude and harmonic content in source voltage has been considered. Delta connected linear as well as non-linear load conditions have been considered. The performance of the DSTATCOM using the proposed control strategy is demonstrated using simulation results in MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of proposed scheme for the control of DSTACOM.     

Comparison of control strategies for DSTATCOM in three-phase,four-wire distribution system for power quality improvement under various source voltage and load conditions

This paper presents comparison of three different control strategies to generate reference current components for Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM). Reference currents are tracked by a three-phase voltage source converter in a hysteresis band control scheme. These methods are instantaneous reactive power (IRP) theory, symmetrical component (SC) theory and an improved instantaneous active and reactive current component (IARCC) theory. The performance of three methods has been evaluated under various source voltage and load conditions with new IEEE Standard 1459 power definitions. A comparative study of their performance in terms of rms value of source current, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), supply power factor and compensator ratings is also presented. A three-phase, four-wire distribution system supplying linear as well as non-linear load is considered for simulation study which is carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Under balanced and sinusoidal source voltage conditions, all three control strategies similar performance while an improved IARCC theory outperforms, particularly, under unbalanced and distorted source voltage conditions.     

Implementation of Differential Equation of Single-Phase Source-Load System Based Control Algorithm for Three-Phase DSTATCOM under Stiff Source

This paper focuses on implementation of differential equation of the single-phase source-load system based control algorithm for three-phase distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) in a power distribution system with a stiff source. The DSTATCOM has been adopted to alleviate the power quality issues such as load unbalancing, reactive power, and current harmonics, which are caused by solid-state equipment and devices. The proposed control algorithm is employed for extraction of fundamental active and reactive current components of polluted load currents, which are used for estimation of reference source currents. The control algorithm carries out computations by using a sliding sampling window that has a width of half of the fundamental cycle. The primary advantages of this control algorithm are immune to noise, not influenced from DC component that may exist in load current, and being less affected from frequency deviations. A prototype of voltage source converter (VSC)-based DSTATCOM is developed using a field programmable gate array (FPGA) processor to validate the proposed control algorithm and its performance is analyzed under steady-state and dynamic conditions. Experimental results demonstrate satisfactory performance of the DSTATCOM with the proposed control algorithm under linear and non-linear loads.     

Control strategies for harmonic mitigation and power factor correction using shunt active filter under various source voltage conditions

This paper gives a new insight into the concept of load compensation using shunt active filter (SAF) under ideal and non-ideal source voltage conditions. A novel approach based on an improved instantaneous active and reactive current component method is proposed. The performance of the proposed control strategy has been compared with instantaneous reactive power theory, symmetrical component theory and dq theory. SAF has been realized by three-phase voltage source converter. Reference currents generated by control strategies has been tracked by a SAF in a hysteresis band control scheme. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated in terms of reactive power compensation, reduction in magnitude of source currents, compensator currents, and harmonic compensation as per IEEE-519 standard. To ascertain the viability of the proposed control algorithm, the performance is evaluated under different source voltage conditions with the IEEE Standard-1459 power definitions. Variation in magnitude as well as harmonic content of source voltage has been considered. Under balanced sinusoidal source voltage condition, all control strategies congregate to similar results. Under unbalanced sinusoidal source voltage condition, dq theory and proposed theory have shown similar performance. However, under distorted source voltage conditions, an improved instantaneous active and reactive current component theory presents superior performance. A three-phase, three-wire distribution system supplying non-linear load is considered for simulation study. Simulation results from a complete model of SAF are presented to validate and compare the control strategies.     

基于DSTATCOM的点焊机无功功率补偿研究

为了更好地解决点焊机负荷引起三相负荷不平衡、系统功率因数低等电能质量问题,提出了基于静止同步补偿器（DSTATCOM）的无功功率补偿方法。首先给出了配电静止同步补偿器的主电路结构,然后利用改进的基于瞬时无功理论的电流检测方法检测出谐波和无功电流,分析了配电静止同步补偿器平衡三相不平衡负荷的原理。最后根据点焊机在实际工作中的情况,通过Matlab/Simulink仿真验证了采用的补偿方法可以平衡三相电流,提高系统功率因数和缓解电压跌落。该研究表明用于不平衡负荷的配电静止同步补偿器具有良好的动态性能和静态补偿效果。     

应用于 DSTATCOM 的负序电流优先补偿策略

为了提高配电网静止同步补偿器(distribution-level static reactive compensator,DSTATCOM)补偿负荷的灵活性,提出了一种针对 DSTATCOM 的电流优化补偿策略,即负序电流优先补偿策略.当 DSTATCOM 的容量能够补偿全部的负序电流分量却不能补偿全部负荷电流时,该补偿策略能够完全补偿负序分量、保证无功分量的最大程度补偿.在配电网的电能质量治理中,该补偿策略优先保证了系统的三相电压对称性.该策略能够应用于星形或角型拓扑的DSTATCOM 中,仿真结果证明了其有效性和准确性.     

DSTATCOM在不平衡负载下的补偿特性

介绍了应用于三相三线系统的配电网静止同步补偿器(DSTATCOM)的基本原理。采用直接控制电源电流方式的无功谐波检测方法、基本原理和三相负载不平衡情况下进行补偿的特性分析,并在Matlab/Simulink环境下仿真。仿真结果表明,该DSTATCOM控制方法的有效性和对三相负载不平衡情况下良好的补偿特性。     

直接电流控制的配电静止无功发生器用于改善电压质量的研究

介绍了一种采用直接电流控制的用于改善中低压配电网电压质量的新型静止无功发生器(DSTATCOM),其主电路采用基于VSI-SPWM结构的电压型逆变器,指令电流的运算和补偿电流的控制均采用同步旋转参考坐标系。重点论述了DSTATCOM用于抑制电压跌落和电压闪变两种常见的电压质量问题。根据无功指令电流形成的不同方法, DSTATCOM有电流控制模式和电压控制模式两种运行模式。在两种运行模式下对DSTATCOM抑制电压跌落和电压闪变进行了仿真研究,仿真结果表明,电流控制模式适合于抑制电压闪变,而电压控制模式适合于抑制电压跌落。     

New control approach for capacitor supported DSTATCOM in three-phase four wire distribution system under non-ideal supply voltage conditions based on synchronous reference frame theory

A large number of single-phase linear and non-linear loads may be supplied from three phase ac mains with neutral conductor. They cause excessive neutral current, harmonics and reactive power burden and unbalance. A four wire DSTATCOM (distribution static compensator) is used for neutral current compensation along with reactive power compensation, harmonics elimination and load balancing. A novel control approach is proposed for the control of four wire DSTATCOM under non-ideal supply voltage conditions. A four-leg voltage-source converter (VSC) with a dc capacitor is used as a four wire DSTATCOM. The proposed control approach is based on synchronous reference frame (SRF) theory and an indirect current control technique. The switching signals for the voltage-source converter (VSC) of the DSTATCOM are derived from the estimated reference supply currents. The load balancing, harmonics elimination and the neutral current compensation are demonstrated along with unity power factor (UPF) and zero voltage regulation (ZVR) modes of operation. Simulation results based on MATLAB software with its Simulink and power system blockset (PSB) toolboxes are presented to validate the control strategy. The DSTATCOM is able to maintain the self-supported dc bus under various disturbances.     

配电静止同步补偿器的补偿电流检测方法

配电静止同步补偿器(distribution static synchronous compensator,DSTATCOM)用于负荷补偿时,补偿电流指令信号的检测环节对其补偿性能有着重要的影响。该文提出了一种基于同步旋转坐标变换的谐波、无功和负序电流综合检测方法。该方法利用电网电压中的一相电压构造虚拟的对称三相系统,然后以对称三相电压形成的合成矢量作为同步旋转坐标系中的 轴,将负荷电流矢量投影到电网电压矢量上,通过低通滤波器后便可得到要检测的补偿电流指令信号。与传统的同步旋转坐标变换法相比较,该方法计算简单,且在电网电压不对称条件下,仍能很好地检测出负荷电流中的谐波、无功和负序分量,满足DSTATCOM负荷补偿的要求。同时还根据功率平衡准则对文中所提检测方法的原理进行了简单的分析。理论分析和仿真结果证明了该文所提检测方法的正确性和有效性。     

三相四桥臂D-STATCOM电流预测控制方法研究

为了解决配电网中存在的三相电流不平衡、谐波污染等问题,本文提出了基于电流预测控制的补偿方法。采用瞬时无功功率理论,计算出所需的补偿电流,然后将电流预测控制方法运用到D-STATCOM,建立其离散化数学模型,采用遍历法推算出在全部开关函数组合分别作用下的补偿器输出电压,并用合适的价值函数来选择最优的开关组合,按照补偿电流的参考值快速输出补偿电流。在PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台上进行了仿真验证,按照所设计的控制策略,对三相四线制下的不平衡感性负载和注入谐波两种情况进行了无功补偿和谐波消除仿真,仿真结果表明所提出的控制方法能够实现快速的无功补偿和谐波消除。     

Control of cascaded transformer multilevel inverter based DSTATCOM

In this paper, the design of a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) based on cascaded transformer multilevel inverter is proposed. The topology requires controlling only a common dc storage capacitor. Two-level ramp-comparison current control method is extended for the multilevel inverter using phase-shifted multi-carrier PWM. The method provides equal switching stress and power handling for all the cascaded units. The net switching frequency increases while the ripple magnitude reduces using multilevel topology. These cause the feedforward gain to increase leading to a higher bandwidth of the control loop. An expression of the feedforward gain is derived for fixed switching frequency modulation of the inverter. It is shown that the use of proportional plus resonant controller with proposed multilevel modulation improves the tracking characteristics at fundamental frequency. A seven-level inverter based DSTATCOM is proposed for the application to the three-phase medium voltage distribution system and the results are shown through the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation. The proposed modulation and control scheme is validated through the experimental results that are obtained using the laboratory model of a single-phase, five-level inverter based DSTATCOM.     

含DSTATCOM和分布式电源配电网的无功电压协调控制

提出一种基于斜率调节的配电网静止同步补偿器(DSTATCOM)群的协调控制方法,用于解决同一区域内多个分布式电源的无功电压协调控制问题。建立计及网架参数条件下,无功电压与分布式电源输出有功电流及斜率调节下DSTATCOM输出无功电流之间的关系,并根据装置的最大无功容量整定各个DSTATCOM的调节斜率,合理分配各个装置的无功输出,将已整定的斜率以及线路的电抗之和作为无功电流的比例增益作为负反馈,构成DSTATCOM新的电压参考值,建立基于斜率调节的DSTATCOM群协调控制策略。针对一个含有双分布式电源和DSTATCOM的配电网系统进行仿真,仿真结果表明:该整定斜率调节下能够进行协调各DSTATCOM无功动态行为,不需要控制器间实时通信实现装置无功出力且能够按比例分配并稳定系统电压。     

源侧电流检测的DSTATCOM控制策略

为简化DSTATCOM的电流检测与控制算法,提出一种单独控制电源侧电流的补偿控制算法.对直流侧稳压问题进行了详细的分析,给出了控制直流侧电容电压稳定的PI参数整定的详细过程.采用自适应模糊PI控制器,减小电压超调,提高了系统响应速度.对采用所提出的电流控制策略的DSTATCOM进行了仿真研究,并制作了实验样机,通过仿真和实验验证了该控制策略应用于配电网静止同步补偿器的有效性和可行性.实验结果同时证明采用该控制策略后,DSTAT-COM具有稳定的直流侧电压,电源侧得到0.99的功率因数.     

神经元PID电压空间矢量技术在DSTATCOM中的应用

针对配电网无功功率补偿和电压质量改善的需求,本文提出一种配电网静止同步补偿器(DSTATCOM)电流控制的新方法—基于神经元PID直接电流控制。该方法通过简单的代数运算获取电流指令信号,并具有一定的自适应自学习能力。针对直接电流控制开关频率过高的不足,本文引入了电压空间矢量技术,分析了电压空间矢量在DSTATCOM中的应用原理,并引入r1 r2 r3坐标系计算矢量作用时间和区域。实验结果验证了神经元PID电压空间矢量技术在DSTATCOM中应用的有效性。     

配电系统大功率交流电弧炉电能质量问题及方案治理研究

根据典型参数搭建电弧炉供配电系统，采用电弧炉现场录波数据作为负荷模型，以此为平台对电弧炉运行时给系统带来的电能质量问题进行详细分析，包括负荷谐波、不平衡以及母线电压波动等。以电能质量治理为目标，综合设计补偿方案：无源电力滤波器用于滤除负荷谐波电流，降低连接母线电压的总谐波畸变(total harmonic distortion, THD)，而变压器隔离的链式DSTATCOM配合瞬时电流分相控制方法，能够分相快速对负荷相电流进行控制，补偿负荷不平PSCAD/EMTDC中构建仿真系统，对基于现场数据模型的衡、抑制母线电压波动和闪变现象的产生。在电弧炉系统和补偿方案进行研究，最后给出了仿真结果用以表明所提治理方案的有效性。     

静止同步补偿器电压控制策略

为寻求性能优良、容易实现的配电静止同步补偿器(DSTATCOM)的电压控制策略,根据DSTATCOM系统中的瞬时功率平衡理论,推导出了DSTATCOM用于控制电压时的直接电压控制策略。该控制策略中无需电流检测电路,跟传统的串级控制相比较具有控制简单、响应速度快等优点;针对直接电压控制策略中控制器的控制性能受系统参数影响较大的缺陷,提出了DSTATCOM的直接电压模糊PI控制策略,使根据瞬时功率平衡的直接电压控制具有更好的控制性能;同时考虑到实际电网中的电压不平衡现象普遍存在,在DSTATCOM电压控制器中引入电网电压负序分量的前馈控制,从而有效的提高了DSTATCOM在电网电压不平衡条件下的生存能力。理论分析和仿真结果证明了所提控制方法的正确性和有效性。     

三相四线级联DSTATCOM高性能控制新策略

针对三相四线级联DSTATCOM三相输出电流彼此独立的特点,建立了DSTATCOM的单相模型和基于数字PI的闭环传递函数,提出了一种基于重复控制的单相控制组合的控制策略.该控制策略能够将传统PI控制系统闭环传递函数的相位滞后从56°降低到5°以内(1 kHz处),从而可以改善对谐波和无功的补偿效果.在Matlab/Si...     

静止同步补偿器在配电网的应用仿真

配电网电能质量问题日益严重,开发和研制能有效提高供电质量的补偿装置是电力系统研究领域的新热点。通过静止同步补偿器在配电网的应用仿真分析配电系统中静止同步补偿器(DSTATCOM)进行无功补偿的意义。通过对其工作原理的分析,用Matlab仿真软件对在配电网上应用STATCOM无功补偿进行仿真。得到了DSTATCOM随电源电压变化的动态响应波形图。DSTATCOM补偿器在配电系统中达到很好的动态补偿效果,推广应用的前景非常广阔。     

基于T型三电平拓扑的新型电能质量补偿器

针对三相四线制配电系统,提出一种基于T型中点箝位型三电平逆变器技术的新型电能质量补偿器拓扑,并简要介绍了新型电能质量补偿器的工作原理。详细分析了新型电能质量补偿器逆变器直流侧电压波动的成因,以及采用传统三维空间矢量脉宽调制(3D-SVPWM)算法时系统侧出现不平衡电流和谐波分量的根本原因,并提出改进调制算法来解决该问题,即通过分别处理直流侧正、负极电压调制比,并按比例分配补偿时间进行中点平衡控制。在MATLAB/Simulink平台上的仿真结果表明,所提改进调制算法通过简单的控制策略,可同时实现无功补偿、谐波抑制及不平衡治理,且补偿效果良好。