水泥砂浆加固RC梁的抗冲击性能模拟分析

为研究高强钢绞线网-聚合物改性水泥砂浆(简称聚合物砂浆)加固钢筋混凝土梁的抗冲击性能,在3根未加固梁和4根加固梁的落锤冲击试验的基础上,采用显式有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,建立了包括混凝土梁、冲击锤头在内的有限元模型,对在冲击荷载作用下加固前、后混凝土梁的抗冲击性能进行了数值分析。之后,对采用不同直径钢绞线和不同厚度聚合物砂浆加固层的钢筋混凝土加固梁进行了参数分析。研究结果表明:高强钢绞线网-聚合物砂浆加固能显著提高钢筋混凝土梁的抗冲击性能;合理增加砂浆加固层厚度有利于改善梁身裂缝和破坏模式;选用恰当直径的钢绞线加固钢筋混凝土梁有助于钢绞线承载能力的发挥;工程实际中,需合理考虑砂浆层厚度和钢绞线直径对加固效果的影响。     

高强钢丝绳网片-聚合物砂浆加固RC板抗爆性能试验研究

为了研究高强钢丝绳网片-聚合物砂浆对钢筋混凝土(RC)板的抗爆加固效果,对5块加固RC板和1块未加固RC板进行了野外现场爆炸试验,研究了砂浆强度、钢丝绳间距、钢丝绳预应力和界面增设销钉等因素对试件的破坏形态、裂缝分布及发展、跨中位移、钢筋应变等影响规律,并对爆炸试验后的试件进行了剩余承载力试验和爆炸损伤评估。研究表明:高强钢丝绳网片-聚合物砂浆加固能显著提高RC板的抗爆性能,相比于未加固板,加固板的裂缝宽度,板底跨中的峰值位移、残余位移和钢筋应变均大幅减小;加固后,构件剩余承载力大幅增加,其损伤程度大为降低。     

POZD涂覆钢板加固钢筋混凝土板抗爆性能研究

为了研究聚异氰氨酸酯噁唑烷(Polyisocyanate oxazodone, POZD)聚合物高分子材料涂覆钢板-钢筋混凝土板在接触爆炸荷载作用下的抗爆性能,开展了接触爆炸试验和数值模拟研究,对其破坏特征进行分析。采用有限元软件LS-DYNA建立了钢筋混凝土板、炸药、钢板和POZD的有限元模型,讨论了不同药量下POZD涂覆钢板加固钢筋混凝土板的破坏模式和破坏特征。试验及数值结果表明：在钢板-钢筋混凝土板背面涂覆POZD涂层能有效提升结构的抗爆性能;在接触爆炸作用下,POZD涂覆钢板加固钢筋混凝土板试件呈现四种破坏模式。     

高强钢筋加强混凝土板抗爆性能试验研究

对4组8块钢筋混凝土板进行抗爆性能试验,研究钢筋类型、配筋率、爆炸荷载峰值等因素对破坏形态、跨中位移、加速度及钢筋应变影响。结果表明,用导爆索代替炸药可获得典型的爆炸冲击波荷载,并能施加预定的均布荷载作用。与普通钢筋混凝土板相比,高强钢筋混凝土板裂缝宽度减小、分布均匀,具有良好的抗爆性能。提高配筋率可明显减小高强钢筋混凝土板位移,配筋率为0.78%时较0.62%时位移减小64.02%;配筋率大于0.62%时加速度时程曲线较一致,高强钢筋混凝土板整体刚度较好;随配筋率增大,钢筋应变峰值、残余应变均明显减小。爆炸荷载峰值对高强钢筋混凝土板的动态响应有显著影响,当荷载峰值由0.0318 MPa增大到0.0945 MPa时,位移峰值、残余位移分别增大3.63倍、4.80倍,加速度峰值增大近3倍。     

爆炸荷载作用下复合材料加筋板的动力响应

为了减轻抗爆结构质量,采用玻璃纤维增强聚合物基复合材料（SMC）与碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料（CFRP）预浸料,通过数值模拟和等效计算理论,对传统加筋抗爆板结构进行轻质高强设计。利用LS-DYNA有限元数值模拟软件进行分析,发现在爆炸荷载作用下加筋板的运动以弹性运动为主,该种复合材料具有较好的抗爆性能。对复合材料加筋板结构进行参数化分析,发现在爆炸荷载作用下横筋对加筋板结构最大位移值影响最大,纵筋和面板对加筋板的影响依次减小。结合刚度折算方法,建立了爆炸荷载作用下正交异性加筋板结构动力响应分析理论。利用该理论计算得到板结构在爆炸荷载作用下的最大位移,与数值模拟对比发现两者结果较为接近,为加筋抗爆板的设计提供了一种简化有效的计算方法。     

高强钢绞线网-高性能砂浆加固钢筋混凝土梁抗冲击性能试验研究

为了深入了解高强钢绞线网-高性能砂浆加固钢筋混凝土梁的抗冲击性,对7根简支钢筋混凝土梁进行落锤冲击试验研究,分析冲击锤重、冲击速度和冲击能量对梁抗冲击性能的影响,且对比分析了钢筋混凝土梁加固前后的破坏形态和抗冲击能力。研究结果表明:该加固工艺显著提高了钢筋混凝土梁的抗冲击能力,增加了梁的延性;高性能砂浆抗冲击性能良好,与高强钢绞线能很好地粘结,共同发挥作用,砂浆中的聚丙烯纤维有效提高了冲击破坏后梁的整体性;钢绞线的配筋率变化会影响加固梁抗冲击性能,可根据实际加固需要进行选定。     

方形中空夹层钢管超高性能钢纤维混凝土柱抗爆性能数值模拟与实验验证

建立了爆炸荷载作用下方形中空夹层钢管超高性能钢纤维混凝土(Ultra-High Performance Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Filled Double Skin Steel Tube,UHPSFRCFDST)柱动态响应及其损伤破坏三维有限元数值模型。首先通过模拟结果与爆炸破坏试验结果的对比分析,验证了数值模型和计算方法的有效性。进而运用参数化分析方法,研究了空心率、含钢率、内、外层钢管厚度及其强度等关键参数对UHPSFRCFDST柱抗爆性能的影响。研究结果表明,UHPSFRCFDST柱具有优越的抗爆性能,所建立的三维有限元模型能够有效地分析UHPSFRCFDST柱在爆炸荷载作用下的动态响应及其损伤破坏;在一定范围内减小空心率及提高外层钢管强度可有效提升UHPSFRCFDST柱抗爆性能;提高含钢率、减小内、外层钢管高厚比均能够显著提升UHPSFRCDST柱抗爆性能;内层钢管强度对UHPSFRCFDST柱的抗爆性能影响并不明显。     

高强钢绞线与聚合物砂浆加固施工

当建筑物或构筑物的结构体系已不能满足使用要求时,就要进行结构改造与加固。采用高强钢绞线与聚合物砂浆加固施工,具有强度高,施工速度快,工期短等优点。高强钢绞线强度高,其标准强度约为普通钢材的5倍,加固后对结构自重增加小;聚合物砂浆的收缩性小,减少裂缝的产生,有效的防止二氧化碳,可以预防砼碳化,冻融及耐久性好,它的力学性质与砼相近,具有渗透性,提高了长期粘结性能,耐火、耐腐蚀、耐老化性能好。钢绞线网片---聚合物砂浆加固复合面层技术是将被加固构件进行界面处理后,将钢绞线网敷设于被加固构件的受拉区,再在其表面涂抹聚合物砂浆。主要是在结构加固的过程中不影响建筑的正常使用。     

钢板夹泡沫铝组合板抗爆性能数值模拟

鉴于泡沫铝材料良好的吸能特性和三明治型组合构件在强度、刚度上的优势,通过有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对钢板-泡沫铝-钢板三明治型组合板进行了装药量为10.0kgTNT的非接触爆炸数值模拟,考察组合板在爆炸荷载作用下的动力响应。研究表明:钢板夹泡沫铝组合板承受爆炸冲击波荷载时,响应方式主要为组合板整体弯曲变形和泡沫铝芯层局部压缩变形,芯层压缩变形是组合板吸收耗散能量的主要途径;适当地增加泡沫铝芯层厚度和面板厚度能够提高组合板的抗爆性能,同时使组合板充分发挥耗能作用。     

钢板夹泡沫铝组合板抗爆性能数值模拟

鉴于泡沫铝材料良好的吸能特性和三明治型组合构件在强度、刚度上的优势,通过有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对钢板-泡沫铝-钢板三明治型组合板进行了装药量为10.0kgTNT的非接触爆炸数值模拟,考察组合板在爆炸荷载作用下的动力响应。研究表明:钢板夹泡沫铝组合板承受爆炸冲击波荷载时,响应方式主要为组合板整体弯曲变形和泡沫铝芯层局部压缩变形,芯层压缩变形是组合板吸收耗散能量的主要途径;适当地增加泡沫铝芯层厚度和面板厚度能够提高组合板的抗爆性能,同时使组合板充分发挥耗能作用。     

钢筋钢丝网砂浆加固混凝土圆柱的抗轴压性能

为大幅度提高加固效率,提出用钢筋钢丝网砂浆加固混凝土圆柱的思路。分别用钢筋钢丝网(SW)、钢筋网(S)、单一纤维复合材料(FRP)和混杂纤维复合材料(HFRP)加固混凝土圆柱共36根,进行轴压对比试验,探讨不同加固方法对试件承载能力和延性的影响。结果显示:SW加固柱保护层砂浆剥落与内部核心混凝土破坏几乎同时发生;且保护层砂浆裂缝间距基本与钢丝网格间距相等(11mm左右),因而裂缝又多又密;故SW加固柱与S加固柱相比,在承载力提高30%的前提下,延性仍达S加固柱的2倍左右。FRP或HFRP加固柱的承载力提高幅度最大,但两种加固柱的延性和变形能力明显低于SW加固柱。该文给出了SW加固混凝土圆柱的极限承载力计算公式。     

Numerical evaluation of the retrofit effectiveness for GFRP retrofitted concrete slab subjected to blast pressure

For retrofitting structures against blast loads, sufficient ductility and strength should be provided by using high-performance materials such as fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. The effectiveness of retrofit materials needs to be precisely evaluated for the retrofitting design based on the dynamic material responses under blast loads. In this study, refined FEM analysis with high-strain rate dependent material model and debonding failure model is conducted for evaluating the FRP retrofitting effectiveness. The structural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) slab retrofitted with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) under blast pressure is simulated and the analysis results are verified with the previous experimental results.     

Nonlinear transient analysis of reinforced concrete slabs subjected to blast loading and retrofitted with CFRP composites

Computational models using the finite element method for nonlinear transient analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) two-way slabs subjected to blast loading are presented. Both as-built and retrofitted slabs with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite strips are analyzed. The models are used to investigate different parameters including (a) loading duration, and (b) effect of CFRP retrofit on damage accumulation. In this study, damage is globally quantified by the amount of reduction of the first two vibrational frequencies of the slabs. Local representation of damage in terms of reinforcing steel strains is also discussed. The computational models for both the as-built and the retrofitted slabs are verified using experimental results. In these experiments, a slowly increasing uniform pressure is applied to the bottom surface of large-scale RC slab specimens using high-pressure water bag. Experimental results showed that an increase up to 200% in the load carrying capacity is achieved when using the CFRP composite retrofit system. Transient nonlinear analysis results proved the efficiency of the CFRP composite retrofit in improving the slab behavior under blast loading for different loading durations, i.e. for small, medium, and large charge weights at the same applied maximum pressure. In particular, less than 50% reduction of the fundamental frequency due to concrete damage is obtained for the retrofitted slab compared to more than 85% reduction for the as-built slab. Moreover, the maximum displacement is reduced by 40–70% with the CFRP retrofit compared to the as-built slab. As for reinforcing steel strains, the application of CFRP retrofit significantly limited the spread of yielding in time and space. The improved slab behavior with CFRP is best when retrofitting is applied to both sides of the slab.     

钢绞线(丝)网-聚合砂浆加固钢筋混凝土梁受弯性能研究

钢绞线(丝)网-聚合砂浆加固技术是一项新型加固工艺,具有耐火、耐腐蚀、耐老化、施工速度快等优点,已被逐渐应用于钢筋混凝土结构的加固补强中。采用该技术抗弯加固钢筋混凝土梁的受力性能可分为三个阶段:未裂阶段、裂缝阶段和破坏阶段。已有研究多数集中于加固混凝土梁正常使用阶段的抗弯性能分析,对受力纵筋屈服后破坏阶段的抗弯性能分析则鲜有涉及。该文在以往试验研究的基础上,采用换算截面法计算加固钢筋混凝土梁屈服阶段和极限阶段的等效刚度,对加固梁在集中荷载作用下抗弯性能全过程进行受力分析,并通过10根加固梁的试验数据对其验证,吻合良好。     

A high performance fibre reinforced cement based plaster for retrofitting RC members

A high performance fibre-reinforced cementitious composite (HPFRCC) material is developed to be used for retrofitting reinforced concrete members. It can be applied to the face of a concrete member to the desired thickness as a wet mix or as an adhesively-bonded prefabricated slab or strip. The material is compatible with concrete and possesses favourable strength and ductility properties, desirable for seismic retrofit. It overcomes some of the problems associated with the current techniques based on externally bonded steel plates and fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) laminates caused mainly by the mismatch of their tensile strength and stiffness with that of the concrete member being retrofitted. An extensive rheological analysis is undertaken to develop the appropriate mixes using different types and mix proportions of constituent materials including; fine steel fibres, fine quartz sand, silica fume, cement and superplasticizer. Much reduced amounts of steel fibres are used compared to the previous studies so that ordinary mixing procedures could be applied and a more cost-effective retrofitting material could be developed. Samples made of the optimum mixes are shown to posses very high compressive and tensile strengths and sufficient ductility for the composite plaster to be used externally for strengthening and seismic retrofitting of concrete members.     

Improving the blast resistance capacity of RC slabs with innovative composite materials

This paper examines the feasibility of using innovative composite materials to improve the blast resistance capacity of one-way reinforced concrete slabs. In order to achieve this objective, five slabs were tested under real blast loads. One of the slabs was used as the control unit to establish a baseline for comparison of the other four slabs. These four slabs were strengthened with carbon fiber and steel fiber reinforced polymers, comprising of two slabs retrofitted on a single side and two slabs retrofitted on both sides. Test results indicate that there was no significant increase in blast resistance when the slabs were retrofitted on a single side; however, slabs retrofitted on both sides displayed a significant increase in blast resistance. This result can be attributed to the negative moments that develop under the dynamics of blast loads. Another objective of this research program was to study the feasibility of using a modified displacement based methodology to predict the explosive charges weight and standoff distances required to impose a given damage level. Test results showed that for the most part the blast loads were effectively estimated using this method and the damage levels observed from the field tests correlated well with the predicted levels. This paper discusses the analytical steps used to predict the charges weight and standoff distances along with the relevant experimental results.     

Blast loading response of reinforced concrete panels reinforced with externally bonded GFRP laminates

The behavior of reinforced concrete panels, or slabs, retrofitted with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite, and subjected to blast load is investigated. Eight 1000 × 1000 × 70 mm panels were made of 40 MPa concrete and reinforced with top and bottom steel meshes. Five of the panels were used as control while the remaining four were retrofitted with adhesively bonded 500 mm wide GFRP laminate strips on both faces, one in each direction parallel to the panel edges. The panels were subjected to blast loads generated by the detonation of either 22.4 kg or 33.4 kg ANFO explosive charge located at a 3-m standoff. Blast wave characteristics, including incident and reflected pressures and impulses, as well as panel central deflection and strain in steel and on concrete/FRP surfaces were measured. The post-blast damage and mode of failure of each panel was observed, and those panels that were not completely damaged by the blast were subsequently statically tested to find their residual strength. It was determined that overall the GFRP retrofitted panels performed better than the companion control panels while one retrofitted panel experienced severe damage and could not be tested statically after the blast. The latter finding is consistent with previous reports which have shown that at relatively close range the blast pressure due to nominally similar charges and standoff distance can vary significantly, thus producing different levels of damage.     

纤维网格增强超高韧性水泥复合材料加固混凝土圆柱受压性能试验

为提升纤维增强聚合物复合材料（FRP）在加固材料中的优势和发挥效率,同时克服传统纤维网格增强砂浆的抗裂性差的缺点,将超高韧性水泥基材料（ECC）替代砂浆作为FRP网格无机黏结剂的新型复合材料已被提出,但仍缺乏相关的基础研究。本文以新型聚乙烯型ECC为基材,重点研究FRP grid/ECC加固混凝土柱的加固机制。以标准混凝土圆柱为试验对象,采用新型ECC材料为基材的FRP grid/ECC复合材料,以不同强度素混凝土、不同网格材料（玄武岩纤维增强聚合物复合材料（BFRP）与碳纤维增强聚合物复合材料（CFRP）网格）为试验变量,研究了该加固方式下对混凝土轴心受压性能的影响。试验结果表明,该加固方法可有效改善素混凝土脆性压溃破坏模式,提高峰值强度及受压延性。基于FRP grid/ECC材性特征,提出两阶段FRP grid/ECC加固机制,并基于该机制提出加固素混凝土圆柱承载力计算方法。      

Flexural retrofit of a bridge subjected to overweight trucks using CFRP laminates

The reinforced concrete spans of a bridge subjected to extreme vehicular loads are investigated and retrofitted with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates. A finite element model of the bridge superstructure was created to determine the forces resulting from extreme loads. A moment–curvature analysis was subsequently carried out to investigate the flexural characteristics of the reinforced concrete sections prior to and after strengthening with CFRP laminates. The analytical modeling concluded that significant strength can be gained at the ultimate limit state, while relatively small increase in strength is observed at service load levels. The increase in flexural resistance at ultimate does provide an adequate margin of safety against further overloading. The analytical investigation and the retrofitting work are presented herein.