含智能流变材料铝合金夹层板结构的动力学特性研究

通过对一种含电流变液铝合金夹层板智能结构的动力学实验与仿真，分析和研究该结构在外电场作用下的动力特性变化。实验发现，利用外部控制条件(电场强度)的变化，可以改变结构的固有特性，如自然频率、结构阻尼等，可实现对结构的主动控制。数值分析时采用粘弹性材料等效处理方法模拟电流变材料，计算得到的结构振动特性与实验结果吻合较好。实验与仿真计算结果均表明，随着电场强度的增大，结构固有频率也随之出现上升，且增幅与场强有关；同时，电流变材料对结构振动所产生的阻尼效应不仅受外加电场影响，还与外加激励频率有关，响应控制实验结果说明电流变材料对结构在固有频率附近所产生响应的控制效果要更为明显一些。     

电流变夹层梁的动力稳定性分析

将电流变液等效为线性粘弹性材料，并假定在小变形情况下其储能模量和损耗因子与加在它上面的电场成正比，利用Hamilton原理和有限元方法建立电流变夹层梁的动力学方程。分析不同外加电场和厚度比情况下，电流变夹层梁的振动特性及动力稳定性。通过对单频轴向激励作用下电流变夹层悬臂梁的仿真计算显示，外加电场的增大能提高电流变夹层梁的刚度和阻尼损耗，减少不稳定区域的大小，而电流变层厚度的增加将使梁的固有频率降低，但提高了梁的稳定范围。表明合理设计电流变夹层梁可以有效抑制振动，提高系统的稳定性。     

基于Hoff夹层板理论计算约束阻尼结构的结构损耗因子

利用Hoff夹层板理论研究约束阻尼结构的固有频率和模态损耗因子的计算问题.计算结果表明,利用Hoff理论计算约束阻尼结构固有频率和模态损耗因子方法具有较高的计算精度,与Ansys计算结果较为接近,可用于约束阻尼结构固有频率和结构损耗因子计算.     

AFFECTION OF ER FLUID ON STIFFNESS OF VIBRATION SYSTEM

On the application of an electric field, the mechanical properties of ER(Electro-rheological) fluid are very complex. The damping force of ER fluid is linear without electric field and is nonlinear when an electric field is applied. By increasing the strength of the electric field, the behavior of ER fluid changes from linear viscous to nonlinear viscoelastic-plastic. External electric fluid changes natural behavior of system with ER fluid besides the mechanical properties of ER fluid. The affect of ER fluid on the stiffness of nonlinear vibration system with ER dampers is analyzed by iterative perturbation method. The results show that the stiffness of structure would be increased with growing of the strength of the electric field.     

Vibration characteristics of hollow cantilevered beams containing an electro-rheological fluid

Electro-rheological (ER) fluids undergo a phase change when subjected to an external electric field, and this phase change typically manifests itself as a many-order-of-magnitude change in the rheological behavior. This phenomenon permits the global stiffness and energy-dissipation properties of the beam structures to be tuned in order to synthesize the desired vibration characteristics. This paper reports on a proof-of-concept experimental investigation focused on evaluating the vibration properties of hollow cantilevered beams filled with an ER fluid and, consequently, deriving an empirical model for predicting field-dependent vibration characteristics. A hydrous-based ER fluid consisting of corn starch and silicone oil is employed. From the observation of modal characteristics, the beams are considered to be uniform viscoelastic materials and are modeled as a viscously-damped harmonic oscillator. Natural frequency, damping ratio and elastic modulus are evaluated with respect to the electric field and compared among three different beams: two types of different volume fraction of ER fluid and one type of different particle concentration of ER fluid by weight. Transient and forced vibration responses are examined in the time domain to demonstrate the validity of the proposed empirical model.     

矩形薄板振动式液压脉动衰减器模态分析

针对液压系统压力脉动提出一种矩形薄板振动式压力脉动衰减器结构,利用矩形薄板的各阶模态来达到宽频带压力脉动衰减效果。当液压油的脉动频率接近共振矩形板的某一阶固有频率时,就会激发相应模态振型将该频率成分的脉动能量以最大限度的衰减掉。运用ANSYS Workbench对共振板进行湿模态分析,得到前12阶固有频率与振型。分析结果表明:矩形薄板振动式压力脉动衰减器结构紧凑,各模态频率分布均匀且密集,具有扩宽液压压力脉动频率带效果,适应不同工况工作。     

缝合式复合材料夹芯板的动态特性

以典型缝合式复合材料夹芯板为研究对象,建立其动力学方程,开展该夹芯板的动态特性研究,探讨了缝合密度和缝合线角度对夹芯板模态特性、频响特性以及随机动响应的影响。研究结果表明:缝合线的存在增强了面板与夹芯层间的整体性,提高了夹芯板的固有频率,并约束了夹芯板的局部模态,降低了结构的模态密度,整体上降低了夹芯板在噪声载荷作用下的加速度及响应能量,但对结构应力响应影响较小;缝合线主要降低了上面板的动响应,对主承力板的动响应影响相对较小;随着缝合密度的增大,缝合式夹芯板的整体性逐渐提高,加速度及响应能量逐渐降低并收敛;缝合线角度则对结构总体动态特性影响不明显。     

Measurements of dynamic properties of a medium span suspension bridge by using the wavelet transforms

The aim of this paper is to show the capabilities of the real-time kinematic (RTK) global positioning network system (GPS) to measure the low-frequency vibration of a medium span suspension bridge. In particular, this paper presents the results of studies conducted on the identification of modal parameters including natural frequencies, damping coefficients and mode shapes of a suspension bridge using ambient excitation loads. A real-time kinematic (RTK) global positioning system (GPS) was designed and installed on the Nottingham Wilford Bridge to provide long-term and real-time measurement of bridge deck movement. An approach to estimate modal parameters, from only output data in the time domain using the wavelet transform, is presented. Displacements responses of the bridge are used in the wavelet transform to identify its dynamic characteristics. The modal properties were extracted using a two-step methodology. In the first step, the random decrement method was used to transform random signals in free vibration responses. Secondly, a wavelets-based technique was used to extract natural frequencies and to determine the mode shapes of the structure. This method was compared with the well-established techniques eigensystem realisation algorithm showing a difference of 1% in the estimated first natural frequency.The efficiency of RTK–GPS was demonstrated in the full-scale measurement. In particular, the results showed that the RTK–GPS data can be used for extracting modal properties from in-service-loads induced low-frequency vibration (<5 Hz) by processing the signal with the wavelets transform.     

多层滑动极板式电流变阻尼器的动力学建模

研制了一种多层滑动极板电流变阻尼器 ,并进行了阻尼器的动态特性实验。基于 Bingham塑性理论 ,提出了一种考虑电流变阻尼器的粘性阻尼和库仑阻尼效应的力学模型 ,该模型具有结构简单 ,模型参数少的特点。利用阻尼器动态实验数据 ,用参数优化方法对阻尼器力学模型进行了参数识别 ,仿真结果表明这种力学模型可以较精确地模拟该阻尼器的动态特性     

电流变液夹层梁滑模振动控制的研究

采用Rayleigh-Ritz方法推导电流变夹层梁的动力学方程，在夹层梁动力分析的基础上，基于滑模控制理论，设计电流变夹层梁的主动控制的控制器。研究确定性系统和不确定性系统控制率生成。数值仿真的结果表明这些控制策略是十分有效的和现实可行的。     

一种电流变液体减振器的结构研究

电流变液体是指在电场作用下其流变性质能迅速发生变化的一类流体,基于这一原理我们分析了电流变流体的力学性能,针对电流变减振器的结构,论述了该电流变减振器模型的工作原理,建立电流变减振器阻尼特性计算的数学模型并进行仿真分析,对构成阻尼力特性影响的主要参数进行了研究。研究表明:电流变液体减振器的机械结构对充分体现电流变效应的功能,实现振动的有效控制起着重要作用。     

STUDY ON ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL FLUID DAMPER FOR APPLICATION IN MACHINING CHATTER CONTROL

The electrorheological fluid(ERF)is a kind of intelligent material with bright prospects for industry applications, which has viscoelastic characteristic: under the applied electric field. The dynamic model of a milling system with an ERF damper is established, and the chatter suppression mechanism of the ER effect is discussed theoretically. Both the theoretical study and the experimental investigation show that the additional damping and additioaal stiffness produced by the ERF increase with the rise in the strength of electric field E, but their influence on the cutting stability is different. Only when both additional damping and additional stiffress cooperate, the milling chatter can be suppressed quickly and effectively. In additional, an ERF dumper used on the arbor of horizontal spindle milling machine is developed, and a series of milling shatter control experiments are performed. The experimental results show that the milling chatter can be suppressed effectively by using the ER damper.     

基于电流变阻尼超精密气浮工作台研究

为解决直线气浮系统抗干扰能力较差等问题，针对已开发的超精密直线气浮工作台，设计了电流变剪切模式阻尼器；基于屈服前后平滑过渡的Eyring连续本构模型通过辨识得出电流变剪切阻尼器类稳态模型；从仿真和实验研究了电流变阻尼及高电场强度对直线气浮工作台模态的影响，实验模态结果验证了仿真方法的有效性，同时证实设计的电流变阻尼器及电场强度的提高不会造成模态频率的下降，只会引起阻尼比的大幅度提高，甚至减少模态阶数。     

大型压缩机管道系统振动现场测试与故障分析

为了分析大型压缩机管道系统的振动故障，对某油田大型压缩机管道系统进行了现场测试和现场模态实验。利用振动测试与实验模态分析的方法，得到了压缩机管道系统振动分布情况和关键部件的固有频率、阻尼比和相应的模态振型，评估了管道系统的振动情况，分析了产生振动的原因。所得实验数据和分析结果对大型压缩机管道系统的动态设计、改造、监测与运行管理具有指导意义。     

移动质量简支梁耦合时变系统建模与实验设计

建立了移动质量简支梁耦合时变系统的动力学模型,通过数值仿真分析了移动质量速度及加速度对耦合时变系统模态参数的影响,得到移动质量诱导产生的附加阻尼。设计并搭建移动质量简支梁实验系统,通过参考实验得到实验系统的初始阻尼,并分别采用频域和时域模态参数辨识方法对质量块不同移动速度下的实验系统进行辨识。结果表明,所建立动力学模型能够对移动质量问题进行准确描述,实验系统可为时变结构动力学分析的理论研究提供实验支持,特别是对时变结构模态参数辨识方法进行实验验证。     

频率依赖性黏弹性复合板动力学特性计算方法

将涂覆黏弹性阻尼的压气机叶片简化为考虑频率依赖性的黏弹性复合板,基于经典模态应变能法推导了一种修正的模态应变能法,用于黏弹性复合板的损耗因子计算。设计了一种基于修正模态应变能法的迭代求解方法,通过算例分别使用该计算方法与复特征值迭代法计算考虑频率依赖性的黏弹性复合板动力学特性。结果表明:基于修正模态应变能法的迭代求解方法在提高运算效率的同时,能够准确地计算出频率依赖性黏弹性复合板的动力学特性。     

Effectiveness of Impact-Synchronous Time Averaging in determination of dynamic characteristics of a rotor dynamic system

Dynamic characteristics of rotor dynamic systems, namely natural frequencies, damping and mode shape, vary with rotation speed due to gyroscopic effect. To consider such effect, modal analysis is required to be performed while in operation. However, to generate the frequency response functions, it is not viable to perform data reduction in frequency domain as noise and harmonics excited by rotating forces dominate the spectrum and hide the natural frequencies. The full set of dynamic characteristics is difficult to obtain. A novel technique, referred to as Impact-Synchronous Time Averaging (ISTA), is developed in this study to screen out the noise and harmonics.     

Output-only modal identification based on hierarchical Hough transform

Sparse component analysis (SCA) has been introduced to the output-only modal identification for several years. This paper proposes a new method based on hierarchical Hough transform to extract the modal parameters of mechanical structures. First, the measured system responses are transformed to Time-frequency (TF) domain using Short time Fourier transform (STFT) to get a sparse representation. Then, Hough transform is applied to the TF coefficients hierarchically to identify the hyperplanes and the mixing matrix is calculated. Finally, the modal responses are recovered by using l ₁ -optimization and inverse STFT. From the recovered modal responses, natural frequencies and damping ratios are extracted. Numerical simulation of a 4 Degree-of-freedom (DOF) spring-mass system verifies the validity of the method. Free vibration of a steel cantilever beam is captured by a high-speed camera and then analyzed by the proposed method. The comparison of the estimated natural frequencies and damping ratios illustrates the good performance of the proposed algorithm.     

高耸塔式结构动力特性设计与测试

为了满足上置设备工作需要,高耸塔式结构基频要大于某一给定数值。通过对结构基频计算公式和结构变形曲线分析,增大结构基频应以降低结构顶部质量和提高结构底部刚度为主的频率调整基本原则。基于空间有限元理论,通过模态分析获得了结构的频率和振型。利用环境激励下结构振动模态参数识别方法对雷达塔进行动力检测。采用模态识别法求出结构的前三阶频率、振型和阻尼值。引入模态置信因子和标准化模态差准则,对计算振型数据和实测振型数据进行分析比较,以验证有限元计算的准确性。该研究成果为深入研究高耸塔式结构频率调整、准确预测结构的动力响应提供可靠依据。     

Ambient vibration test of building base slab for different ground conditions

It is very important to know the dynamic behavior of base slabs of buildings in earthquake prone areas. The slabs are generally assumed as a rigid diaphragm in structural analysis and design. But their response is considerably affected from ground condition. In this study, the dynamic characteristics of a scaled base slab are determined for different ground conditions. The dimensions of the base slab model are 150 cm long, 100 cm wide and 5 cm thick. This model is designed to be smaller than 20 times from an actual building base. The base slab model is tested for the ground conditions of sand, gravel and clay–silt mixture by ambient vibration test. The dynamic characteristics, such as natural frequencies, modal damping ratios, mode shapes, are identified from collected signals by Operational Modal Analysis method. The first five modes are taken into consideration to compare the effect of ground conditions on the dynamic characteristics. It is observed that the natural frequencies, mode shapes and modal damping ratios are considerably affected from ground conditions. The highest natural frequency is obtained for the gravel ground case. The lowest natural frequency is identified for the clay–silt mixture ground case. The mode shapes changed randomly in each case. But the main modal behaviors are vertical mode and bending modes.