Ni-Cr-Fe-Mo-Co-Cu-W合金宏观"黑斑"和"白斑"缺陷的形成

研究了Ｎｉ－Ｃｒ－Ｆｅ－Ｍｏ－Ｃｏ－Ｃｕ－Ｗ合金宏观“黑斑”和“白斑”缺陷的形成机制。“黑斑”区富集元素主要以数量较多,尺寸较大的富含钼,钨的Ｍ６Ｃ和ＡＢ３Ｃ等相和数量较多的粒状Ｍ６Ｃ的形式存在于晶界上,因界面效应使晶界相对易受侵蚀;“白斑”区晶界主要富含钼,钨的μ相,比富含铬的Ｍ６Ｃ基底区耐晶界腐蚀。     

耐蚀合金中钒的直接光度测定

耐蚀合金中钒的直接光度测定梁培德（机械工业部重庆仪表材料研究所,重庆,６３０７００）耐蚀合金多为含钨、钼、铬、钴的镍基或半铁镍基合金。如３ＹＣ２４（ＮｉＭｏ１７Ｃｒ１６Ｗ４）,ＮｉＭｏ２８,０Ｃｒ１５Ｎｉ２６、哈氏Ｂ－２及Ｃ－２７６等均含有少量钒。测...     

液相烧结钼基合金粘结相的研究

研究了粘结相的成分Ｎｉ和Ｃｕ的变化对液相烧结Ｍｏ－Ｗ－Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ合金性能的影响。结果发现，随镍铜量或镍铜比的增加，烧结温度下降，合金的晶粒球化，细化。当镍铜比一定，合金的抗拉强度随镍铜量的增加先是急剧上升，然后缓慢下降，当镍铜量一定，抗拉强度随镍铜比的增加亦有上述关系。当镍铜比为２．４，镍铜量为６％，烧结温度不低于１３８０℃时，液相烧结钼基合金几乎无孔隙，抗拉强度可达１１００ＭＰａ，晶粒呈鹅卵石状     

国外WC—Co硬质合金中钴的替代研究概况

介绍了国外ＷＣ－Ｎｉ，ＷＣ－Ｃｏ－Ｎｉ及ＷＣ－Ｆｅ－Ｃｏ－Ｎｉ等系列新型粘结剂硬质合金以及ＷＣ－Ｆｅ，ＷＣ－Ｆｅ－Ｃｏ及ＷＣ－Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ等硬质合金的研究情况，并对以铁，镍代钴的硬质合金研制特点及以今后的发展方向进行了分析。     

国外WC－Co硬质合金中钴的替代研究概况

介绍了国外ＷＣ－Ｎｉ，ＷＣ－Ｃｏ－Ｎｉ及ＷＣ－Ｆｅ－Ｃｏ－Ｎｉ等系列新型粘结剂硬质合金以及ＷＣ－Ｆｅ、ＷＣ－Ｆｅ－Ｃｏ及ＷＣ－Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ等硬质合金的研究情况，并对以铁、镍代钴的硬质合金研制特点及今后的发展方向进行了分析。     

钼对钨－镍－铁高比重合金性能和组织的影响

在９５ｗｔ％Ｗ－３．５ｗｔ％Ｎｉ－１．５ｗｔ％Ｆｅ粉末混合料中加入纯钼粉，经成型烧结后，发现当钼的加入量超过１ｗｔ％时，能提高合金的强度，而合金的延伸率、截面收缩率及密度降低，合金的钨晶粒细化；钼溶解在基体相及钨相中，有固溶强化的作用。     

少量Al对WC—13?／Co／Ni硬质合金性能的组织的影响

以ＷＣ－１３％Ｆｅ／Ｃｏ／Ｎｉ合金作为基体合金，添加少量Ａｌ以研究其对ＷＣ－１３％Ｆｅ／Ｃｏ／Ｎｉ硬质合金的性能和组织的影响，结果发现，Ａｌ可以细化合金中的ＷＣ晶粒，并在提高合金硬度的同时，使其抗弯强度提高１００～２００ＭＰａ，金相研究表明，添加Ａｌ的ＷＣ－１３％Ｆｅ／Ｃｏ／Ｎｉ合金中的粘结相主要是γ相和板条马氏体，局部有α＋（Ｆｅ，Ｍｅ）３Ｃ的片层状组织存在。     

少量A1对WC－13％Fe／Co／Ni硬质合金性能和组织的影响

以ＷＣ－１３％Ｆｅ／Ｃｏ／Ｎｉ合金作为基体合金，添加少量Ａ１以研究其对ＷＣ－１３％Ｆｅ／Ｃｏ／Ｎｉ硬质合金的性能和组织的影响。结果发现：Ａ１可以细化合金中的ＷＣ晶粒，并在提高合金硬度的同时，使其抗弯强度提高１００～２００ＭＰａ。金相研究表明，添加Ａ１的ＷＣ－１３％Ｆｅ／Ｃｏ／Ｎｉ合金中的粘结相主要是γ相和板条马氏体，局部有α＋（Ｆ，Ｍｅ）＿３Ｃ的片层状组织存在。     

低温烧结高钨高比重合金的特性及其抗腐蚀性能

研究了以高活性Ｗ，Ｎｉ，Ｃｕ复合粉末为原料，钨含量为９３％（ｗｔ）的高比重合金的低温烧结工艺特性，形变与断裂特性，强度与抗腐蚀性能。合金在１２４０℃的温度下进行低温烧结后，抗拉强度可高达９５０ＭＰａ，钨晶粒平均粒径小于５μｍ具有明显的晶粒尺寸效应，有利于提高合金的强度，密度及其均匀性，合金还具有较好的抗腐蚀性能。     

铁基高温合金GH2871成分对组织和性能的影响

开发出新型含０．５％Ｎｂ，并以Ｗ、Ｍｏ复合固溶强化的２８Ｎｉ－１４Ｃｒ－１．ＯＷ－１．５Ｍｏ－２．１Ｔｉ－Ｎｂ－Ａｌ铁基高温合金ＧＨ２８７１。该合金的综合机械性能优于同类２５Ｎｉ－１５Ｃｒ铁基高温合金。     

镍和钴的共同加入对钼的活化烧结作用

研究用少量钴、镍和Co-Ni化学沉积的钼粉的烧结特性,比较了钼和Mo-Co、Mo-Ni-Co系的烧结特性,测算了其活化能,结果表明:镍、钴和Ni-Co的添加均改善了其烧结性能,镍比钴的效果好,而Mo-Ni-Co系的活化烧结效果最好。     

Design and fabrication of W-Mo-Ti-TiAl-Al system functionally graded material

To obtain a kind of functionally graded material (FGM) with a density gradient, the W-Mo-Ti-TiAl-Al system graded material was designed, and the powder metallurgy method was chosen for its fabrication. The sintering of W, W-Mo, and Mo-Ti alloys at low temperature was studied, and then the approximately wholly dense W-Mo-Ti-TiAl system FGM was achieved by one-step sintering at 1473 K for 1 hour under a pressure of 30 MPa. It was found that through sintering at 1473 K, mainly the mechanical mixtures of W and Mo were formed in W-Mo alloys. In Mo-Ti alloys, the newly designed Fe-Al sintering aids not only have an important effect on the densification of the alloys, but also contribute to the formation of the (Mo, Ti) solid solution. However, the solid-solution reaction that occurred in Mo-Ti alloys was still insufficient. During the sintering of Ti + TiAl, the chemical reaction of Ti + TiAl → AlTi₂ was induced within the sintered body. The W-Mo-Ti-TiAl-Al system FGM was finally fabricated by joining of the TiAl side of the sintered W-Mo-Ti-TiAl system FGM to metal Al with an Al-based brazing filler metal, and its density changed quasi-continuously within the large range from 17.15 to 2.70 g/cm³.     

钼钨合金烧结致密化行为

采用原位测量法研究了放电等离子烧结与真空热压烧结Mo–30W合金收缩和致密化行为。研究结果表明:采用放电等离子烧结Mo–30W合金时，1200 ℃以下Mo–30W合金以膨胀为主，1200 ℃以上合金开始剧烈收缩，1600 ℃以上合金收缩趋于停止，在降温阶段合金有较大收缩，温度接近室温时，收缩基本停止。经过1600 ℃放电等离子烧结后合金的相对密度可达93%以上，优于相同温度下真空热压烧结合金的相对密度89.98%。     

W质量分数对Mo-W合金组织结构与力学性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备含不同质量分数W(20%~80%)的Mo-W合金, 研究W含量对Mo-W合金组织结构与力学性能的影响。结果表明: 烧结过程中Mo与W相互扩散形成单相固溶体。W质量分数的增加能显著降低Mo-W合金的晶粒尺寸, 经1990℃烧结的Mo-80W合金晶粒尺寸比Mo-20W合金下降了46.5%。随W质量分数的增加, Mo-W合金的维氏硬度呈“双驼峰”形变化趋势, 在W质量分数为40%与60%处出现峰值。Mo-W合金的相对密度和抗拉强度随W质量分数的增加而下降, 抗拉强度最大值出现在烧结温度为1990℃的Mo-20W合金, 达到514.83 MPa; 随烧结温度的升高, 低W含量的Mo-W合金(W质量分数20%~40%)抗拉强度呈先上升后下降趋势, 而高W含量的Mo-W合金(W质量分数60%~80%)抗拉强度逐渐升高。Mo-W合金断裂方式为沿晶断裂与穿晶断裂相结合的混合模式。     

Segregation of molybdenum atoms to the liquid-solid interfaces in liquid phase sintering of W-8 pct Mo-7 pct Ni-3 pct Fe

Partitioning of elements during sintering of W-8 pct Mo-7 pct Ni-3 pct Fe alloy was investigated with respect to various isothermal holding times, ranging from 5 to 240 minutes, at a sintering temperature of 1500 °C. It was found that the precipitation of W and Mo atoms from the liquid phase onto the W-Mo grains was competitive in nature, with W atoms showing a greater tendency to precipitate. Due to this fact, Mo atoms gradually segregated to the interface between W-Mo grains and the liquid phase. The accumulation of Mo atoms near the interfaces thus changed the interfacial properties and, consequently, reduced the rate of interfacial reaction (solution and precipitation), which was responsible for the transition of the controlling mechanism of grain growth from diffusion of W atoms in the liquid phase to the interfacial reaction.     

微波烧结工艺对6％Al2O3/Mo复合材料结构和性能的影响

以溶胶凝胶法制备的6% Al₂O₃/Mo复合粉末为原料，采用微波烧结技术制备了6% Al₂O₃/Mo复合材料.研究了微波烧结温度及烧结时间对复合材料的结构及性能的影响，并探讨了复合粉末的微波烧结动力学.结果表明:溶胶凝胶法制备的6% Al₂O₃/Mo复合粉末形貌呈平滑多边形和近球形；Al₂O₃/Mo复合材料的致密度及硬度均随着微波烧结温度及烧结时间的增加而增加；1 600 ℃下烧结30 min的6% Al₂O₃的复合材料致密度及硬度达到98.1%和2.969 GPa. Al₂O₃/Mo复合粉体微波烧结的致密化机制是体积扩散和晶界扩散共同作用结果，且随烧结温度升高，体积扩散逐渐占据主导地位，其微波烧结激活能在1 500~1 600 ℃范围内为201.93 kJ/mol.研究结果显示微波烧结是一种快速制备高致密Al₂O₃/Mo复合材料的有效方法.      

双芯环结构Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷材料的制备与性能研究

采用固相化学反应与碳热还原氮化相结合的方法, 将W、Mo、Ta等重金属元素与(C, N)复合, 制备得到(W, Mo, Ta)(C, N)粉末, 并利用高能球磨机与Ti(C, N)基体进行混合, 再经压制成型、低压烧结制备出具有双芯环结构的Ti(C, N)基金属陶瓷。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜分析双芯环结构对Ti(C, N)基金属陶瓷微观形貌和力学性能的影响。结果表明, 在高温烧结过程中, 通过Ostwald溶解–析出机制所形成的双芯环结构可以阻止裂纹扩展, 达到增韧效果; 结果说明, 可通过优化Ti(C, N)基金属陶瓷材料的芯环结构, 达到增加金属陶瓷材料韧性的目的。     

钨钼坯块垂熔烧结过程质量控制

对垂熔烧结机理及过程进行了综述 ,讨论了影响钨钼条质量的因素     

Effect of carbon content,sintering temperature,density, and cooling rate upon properties of prealloyed Fe–1·5Mo powder

Abstract

Mixtures of prealloyed Fe–1·5Mo (Astaloy Mo) with and without additions of 0·5–1·2 wt-%C were prepared and their sintering, as well as their mechanical, properties investigated under different process conditions. It was found that carbon content, sintering temperature, and cooling rate had marked effect on physical and mechanical properties. Sintered density decreased with increase in carbon content and sintering temperature. On the other hand, UTS, TRS, and hardness values improved with up to 0·8 wt-%C addition, sintering temperature, and cooling rate. Percentage elongation decreased with increase in carbon content and cooling rate, but was higher for specimens sintered at higher temperatures. The as sintered microstructures consisted of either fine or coarse pearlite, upper or lower bainite, and their mixture depending on the carbon content and cooling rate. The heat treated mechanical properties showed some improvement for the specimens containing 0·5 and 0·8 wt-%C. It became evident that a variety of ternary low alloy steels consisting of Fe + 1·5Mo + 0·5–0·8 wt-%C can be produced and used in the as sintered or heat treated conditions for PM structural parts having good physical and mechanical properties as well as high dimensional accuracy with acceptable microstructures.     

钼细晶材料制备工艺研究

通过改善原料活性,降低还原温度,制备出粒度小于1．0μm的钼粉。由于超细钼粉具有低温活化烧结的特性,由其压制的坯料在烧结过程中烧结温度低,烧结时间短,生产成本低,且烧结钼板坯的晶粒细小均匀。