固溶处理对Al-Zn-Bi-Sn合金组织和电化学性能的影响

将Al-5Zn-0．5Bi-0．03Sn合金在550℃保温10h水淬固溶处理,采用扫描电镜（SEM）和能谱分析（EDX）研究了固溶前后组织形貌和析出相成分,利用CHI660C电化学工作站测试固溶处理前后该牺牲阳极材料的电流效率、在3．5％NaCl溶液中的极化曲线及电化学阻抗谱（EIS）。结果表明,固溶处理后Al-5Zn-0．5Bi-0．03Sn合金牺牲阳极材料电流效率提高了19．57％,铝合金阳极沿晶界分布的偏析相发生球化且偏析相中Zn、Sn元素溶入基体;固溶后合金自腐蚀电位和自腐蚀电流密度均降低;等效电路RS（CRP（QRD））较好地拟合了Al-5Zn-0．5Bi-0．03Sn合金在3．5％NaCl溶液中腐蚀的EIS谱．基本反映了该牺牲阳极材料的电极反应过程。     

Al-Ga-Mg-Sn-xZn阳极合金组织和腐蚀电化学性能

对不同Zn含量的Al-Ga-Mg-Sn-xZn系列阳极合金的组织及腐蚀形貌进行观察和分析,并测试了该系列合金在4 mol/L NaOH溶液中的析氢速率、开路电位、极化曲线等腐蚀电化学性能指标,研究了Zn对Al-Ga-Mg-Sn合金组织和腐蚀电化学性能的影响。结果表明:Al-0.1Ga-1Mg-0.1Sn-xZn合金中的析出相主要为富Sn相,合金元素Zn主要固溶于Al基体中,添加0.5%和1%(mass%)的Zn后,合金的耐蚀性提高,开路电位和恒电流放电工作电位均有所负移,Al-0.1Ga-1Mg-0.1Sn-1Zn合金的综合腐蚀电化学性能较好,在4 mol/L NaOH溶液中,稳定开路电位约-1.72 V(vs.Hg/HgO),析氢速率为0.202 mL·cm-2·min-1,100 mA·cm-2放电时工作电位达-1.41 V(vs.Hg/HgO),腐蚀形貌均匀。     

Mn对Al-0.1Ga-1Mg-0.1Sn阳极合金组织和电化学性能的影响

对不同Mn含量的Al-Ga-Mg-Sn-Mn阳极合金的组织和腐蚀形貌进行了观察和分析,并测试了该系列合金在4 mol/LNaOH溶液中的析氢速率、开路电位、电化学阻抗谱、放电曲线等,研究了Mn对Al-Ga-Mg-Sn阳极合金组织和电化学性能的影响。结果表明:在Al-0.1Ga-1Mg-0.1Sn基础上添加0.05%~0.15%(质量分数)Mn后,合金中第二相数目明显增多,Al阳极进一步活化,开路电位和工作电位负移,但同时造成自腐蚀析氢速率增大,Al-0.1Ga-1Mg-0.1Sn-0.1Mn合金具有较好的综合性能。     

时效时间对Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ti牺牲阳极电化学性能的影响

通过比较时效不同时间的Al-5Zn-0.03In-1Mg-0.05Ti-0.1Si阳极合金的析出相、开路电位、电流效率、腐蚀形貌及电化学阻抗谱等,研究了时效时间对该阳极微观组织和电化学性能的影响。结果表明:该合金中的主要析出相为Mg Zn2相,随时效时间的增加析出相迅速长大且密度逐渐降低。时效30 min试样的电化学性能最好,开路电位约-1.0793 V(SCE),电流效率为94.5%,试样表面腐蚀坑深度很浅、腐蚀形貌非常均匀。随着时效时间延长,合金的开路电位逐渐负移,但电流效率却逐渐降低且腐蚀形貌逐渐恶化。析出相对铝基牺牲阳极的电化学性能影响较大,长时间时效不利于改善铝合金阳极的综合电化学性能。     

热处理对Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ti合金组织与电化学性能的影响

通过对Al-5Zn-0.03In-1Mg-0.07Ti牺牲阳极进行510℃固溶和退火处理,比较该阳极在铸态、固溶及退火态下的组织、电化学性能及腐蚀形貌.结果表明:固溶处理减少了该合金的偏析相,提高了电流效率及实际电容量,腐蚀均匀性有所改善,但工作电位不稳定;退火处理细化了该合金组织,偏析相增多,电流效率达95.9%,实际电容量达2746 A·h·kg-1,且腐蚀均匀;退火处理效果优于固溶处理,有利于该阳极的实际应用.     

In对Al-Mg-Ga-Sn-(In)铝合金阳极组织及电化学性能的影响

在Al基体中添加Mg、Ga、Sn、In合金元素,通过正交试验设计了9组铝-空气电池阳极材料。采用动电位极化试验、析氢试验和恒电流放电试验对铝合金阳极的电化学性能进行优化,通过扫描电镜和能谱测试仪观察了合金的显微组织及成分。结果表明,没有添加In元素的1号合金(Al-0.5Mg-0.05Sn-0.05Ga)、5号合金(Al-Mg-0.1Sn-0.2Ga)和9号合金(Al-2Mg-0.2Sn-0.1Ga)铝阳极具有较差的放电性能和较高的自腐蚀速率,而添加0.05wt% In元素的7号铝阳极(Al-2Mg-0.05Sn-0.2Ga-0.05In)具有最好的放电电压(平均电位-1.968 V)和抗腐蚀性能 (自腐蚀速率0.193 mL·cm^-2·min^-1)。对比去腐蚀产物后的合金表面形貌,发现5号合金的腐蚀表面布满较深的腐蚀坑,这增加了铝合金的自腐蚀,而7号合金的表面具有较浅的腐蚀坑,这减缓了电解液中离子传递和自腐蚀速率。 因此,7号铝合金适合用作铝-空气电池阳极材料。     

Sc对Al-6Mg-Zr铝合金在模拟海水中耐蚀性能的影响研究

采用中性盐雾、周期浸润等人工加速腐蚀试验和电化学测试方法,研究了Al-6Mg-Zr和Al-6Mg-Zr-Sc 2种铝合金在模拟海水环境中的腐蚀行为.结果发现：在试验环境中2种铝合金都发生了点蚀;添加了Sc元素的Al-6Mg-Zr-Sc合金比Al-6Mg-Zr合金表现出更好的耐蚀性.自腐蚀电位和动电位阳极极化曲线研究也发现,添加Sc元素后铝合金的耐蚀性能增强.SEM/EDX分析表明,Al-6Mg-Zr-Sc合金中存在的Al3（Sc, Zr）复合相能细化晶粒、有效地抑制Al-6Mg-Zr合金中β相（Mg5Al8）的析出,使β相在合金基体中呈不连续分布,从而降低了合金的腐蚀敏感性.     

固溶处理对Mg-6Al-5Pb-1.5In阳极腐蚀电化学性能的影响

在3.5%NaCl(质量分数)溶液中测定铸态和经固溶处理的Mg-6Al-5Pb-1.5In镁合金阳极的腐蚀电化学性能,采用金相(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)分别研究其显微组织、截面腐蚀形貌及相组成。结果表明:固溶后β-Mg17Al12相基本溶入α-Mg基体,降低微电偶腐蚀中阴极与阳极的面积比,增大阳极自腐蚀速率;Mg2Pb相的自腐蚀电位比镁基体正,固溶后Pb以Mg2Pb相析出,阳极表面腐蚀后晶粒中央的Mg2Pb相并没有被腐蚀。Al含量是决定镁阳极中各相腐蚀速率的关键,相表面形成的保护膜中Al含量越高,对基体保护性能越好。     

稀土金属固溶处理对铝阳极组织和性能的影响

在510℃对Al-5Zn-1Mg-0．1Sn-0．015In及添加了RE元素的铝合金进行了固溶处理,在25℃,4mol／L。KOH中测定了它们的基本性能。采用电子探针(EPMA)和能谱分析,考察了主要析出相形貌和成分的变化。结果显示：添加稀土后细化了晶粒;固溶处理使In、Sn、Mg、Zn等活化元素均匀分布,增加了反应活化点,改善了铝合金阳极的性能;RE相及Fe相中活性元素的减少,降低了晶界的活性,减少了晶界腐蚀;但是由于RE相的数量增加,及合金活性的增加,使电极腐蚀速率呈不规则变化。     

固溶处理对Al-In-Mg-Sn阳极合金组织和电化学性能的影响北大核心CSCD

对Al-0.1In-0.7Mg-0.05Sn阳极合金进行450~540℃下保温4 h的固溶处理,通过比较铸态及固溶态合金的组织及电化学性能,研究了固溶处理对该阳极合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明,固溶态合金性能优于铸态,固溶处理减少了合金的析出相,在提高合金电化学活性的同时有效改善了合金的腐蚀性能。经过510℃固溶合金的开路电位及工作电位负移较大且稳定,腐蚀形貌均匀,综合性能较好。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.