高速列车车体铝合金侧墙疲劳性能研究

高速列车车体主要采用大型中空铝合金挤压型材,车体结构主要包括底架组成、侧墙组成、车顶组成、端墙组成等.焊接是铝合金车体制造的主要方式,疲劳断裂是铝合金焊接结构的主要失效方式之一.国内外获得的疲劳性能数据多是针对焊接接头,而针对大型铝合金焊接结构的研究尚处于起步阶段.采用疲劳试验与数值分析相结合的方式,研究铝合金侧墙焊接结构的疲劳性能.研究结果表明:采用数值模拟的方式对车体侧墙等大型构件进行载荷预测是可行的;车体侧墙的疲劳寿命是29.1 MPa;试件断裂位置在软化区,因此必须考虑试件形状因素引起的应力集中对接头疲劳性能的影响.     

A6N01S-T5铝合金接头疲劳性能

A6N01S-T5铝合金在现代化高速列车中应用广泛,制造铝合金高速列车车体时,焊接式最主要的连接方式,据统计,铝合金结构件中90%的断裂是由承受重复性动载的焊接接头的疲劳破坏引起的,研究了A6N01S-T5铝合金焊接接头疲劳性能,结果显示,同种焊接接头带余高试件比平滑接头的疲劳强度低,机加工的方式和精度很大程度上影响试件的疲劳性能。     

一、二次补焊对高速列车用铝合金焊接接头疲劳性能的影响

6082铝合金是高速列车车体的主要材质,因其焊接时易产生气孔、裂纹等缺陷,必须进行焊接返修予以清除.深入研究补焊工艺和补焊次数对焊接接头疲劳性能的影响.通过脉动拉伸疲劳试验研究一、二次补焊6082铝合金焊接接头疲劳性能,并与未补焊的接头疲劳强度进行比较.结果表明,一次补焊后焊接接头的中值疲劳强度显著下降;二次补焊的焊接...     

5A06铝合金焊接接头在超长寿命区间的疲劳性能

采用自行研制的TJU-HJ-I型超声疲劳试验系统对5A06铝合金TIG焊焊接接头在超长寿命区间的疲劳性能进行研究. 疲劳试验结果表明,圆柱状母材试件、圆柱状焊接接头试件和薄板状焊接接头试件,在经历107循环周次后,S-N曲线仍呈下降趋势,没有发现明显转折,传统意义上的疲劳极限并不存在. 焊接接头试件在107周次和109周次下的疲劳强度仅为母材的50%~70%. 通过扫描电子显微镜进行断口形貌观察发现:母材疲劳扩展区断口较焊接接头断口平整,瞬断区呈韧窝状,而无余高焊接接头试件存在气孔、夹杂等焊接缺陷,导致疲劳性能明显降低.     

7050铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头超高周疲劳性能

采用超高周疲劳试验系统研究7050-T7451铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的超高周疲劳性能. 试验结果表明,焊接接头在107周次以上仍然会发生疲劳失效,S-N曲线在108周次左右出现转折点,呈折线型下降;通过SEM对超高周疲劳断口形貌进行观察发现,当应力范围较高时,试件的疲劳裂纹往往在表面萌生,随着应力范围的降低,裂纹有亚表面和内部萌生的倾向;裂纹萌生位置取决于表面起裂和内部起裂相互竞争的结果;试件的断裂位置多为焊接接头的热力影响区和热影响区,EBSD和接头硬度的分析结果表明断裂位置与接头组织不均匀密切相关.     

Q345桥梁钢焊接接头超高周疲劳性能

采用超声疲劳振动技术研究了桥梁钢Q345qC的母材和圆形对接焊接接头试件的高周与超高周疲劳性能.试验发现,在105～109循环周次内焊接接头的疲劳性能远低于母材,且无论是母材还是焊接接头其S-N曲线都是呈连续下降趋势.当母材服役超过107周次,焊接接头服役超过5×106周次以后,试件仍然发生疲劳断裂.结果表明,焊接接头...     

6005A-T6铝合金双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接头疲劳性能分析

通过对3.3 mm厚6005A-T6铝合金型材双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接头进行疲劳试验，分析型材平行段宽度及厚度对试件疲劳性能的影响；并结合典型参数下焊接接头的宏观成形及其微观组织演变，揭示型材双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接头的断裂行为.结果表明，典型参数下(转速1 000 r/min、焊接速度100 mm/min、平行段宽度和厚度分别为11.8 mm和3.1 mm)接头的拉伸断裂位置位于后退侧热影响区；型材接头前进侧热力影响区晶粒组织的特征会影响型材疲劳裂纹产生与开动；疲劳断口扫描分析显示断口无明显缺陷，试件疲劳条带的扩展区和瞬断区具有典型的疲劳断裂特征，断裂发生在前进侧热影响区位置.     

6N01-T5铝合金焊接接头疲劳断裂分析

为了确定6N01-T5铝合金挤压型材焊接接头发生疲劳断裂的原因,对6N01-T5铝合金型材及其焊接接头分别进行了疲劳试验,获得了它们的S-N曲线及条件疲劳极限.分析了接头的显微组织与力学性能,并对疲劳断口进行分析,得到了6N01-T5铝合金焊接接头的疲劳断口特征.结果表明,接头显微组织为α-Al与α-Al和Mg2Si的伪共晶,主要缺欠为气孔;在热影响区与母材交界处存在一软化区,该软化区会引起静载断裂,但不是构件发生疲劳断裂的主要原因;位于焊缝表面焊接缺欠以及构件的表面状态是影响接头疲劳性能的主要原因.     

铝合金焊接接头冲击强化的性能

为了提高铝合金焊接接头的力学性能,试验分别采用超声波和调Q脉冲YAG激光对A6061-T6铝合金焊接接头焊趾附近处进行冲击强化,研究了超声波和激光冲击强化下铝合金焊接接头的性能.两种冲击强化模式下,铝合金焊接接头焊趾处近表面均发生了冲击强化效果,并产生了较大的残余压应力,超声波和激光冲击强化后产生的最大残余压应力分别为 -158 MPa和 -145 MPa左右.超声波与激光冲击强化铝合金焊接接头的疲劳寿命差别不大,均比焊态下试样的疲劳寿命提高1倍以上.两种冲击强化方法的疲劳试验样件断裂位置均发生在基体金属上,而焊趾处没有疲劳裂纹产生.     

高速列车铝合金焊接接头疲劳性能的研究进展

由于铝合金具有密度小、比强高、耐腐蚀性能好等优点,使其成为高速铁路客车和重载货车轻量化的一种主要材料。铝合金焊接技术的快速发展使其在列车车体上的应用不断增加。疲劳失效是焊接结构的主要失效形式。本文对高速列车车身使用铝合金的优点、铝合金的焊接性和焊接接头的疲劳性特点等进行了综述,并展望了铝合金未来的研究方向。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.