飞机蒙皮拉形加载轨迹研究

蒙皮拉形工艺的先进程度是衡量一个国家飞机制造能力和水平的重要标志之一,然而加载轨迹决定着飞机蒙皮拉形成形质量的优劣。基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元仿真软件对某单凸双曲率蒙皮拉形进行拉形仿真,对模具的最大截面采用应变控制的方法,结合实际生产过程中拉形机的运动状态,对飞机蒙皮拉形数值模拟中夹钳区域的加载轨迹进行了初步研究。此外,考虑到蒙皮拉形常见的缺陷及影响因素,分析了最优化理论结合仿真模拟优化工艺参数的重要性。对蒙皮拉形过程模拟仿真,实现"虚拟试拉",以便对其加载轨迹进行优化设计,避免盲目的试拉工作,节约材料,降低研发成本,缩短研发周期,提高飞机蒙皮拉形质量和生产效率。     

数控蒙皮拉形试验机系统开发与应用研究

拉形是飞机蒙皮成形的主要方式之一,为研究蒙皮零件在拉形过程中的变形行为,自行研制开发了1000KN数控蒙皮拉形试验机系统.系统采用电液伺服技术,实现了夹钳的水平转动、俯仰、拉伸动作,工作台可以形成任意角度上顶,能够完成飞机蒙皮零件成形所需的拉形轨迹.试验结果表明,系统具有较高的精度,符合大多数蒙皮零件的拉形试验要求,为开展蒙皮拉形过程控制和工艺研究提供了试验保障.     

一种毫米波天线反射面板精密成形的数值模拟

天线反射面板的成形方法对面板精度有着重要的影响。根据具有大面积、主动反射面的毫米波天线对面板的成形要求,提出了一种基于高精度模具、蒙皮开缝、真空负压和胶粘背筋的成形方法。建立了该成形过程的有限元模型,并利用接触算法实现了该过程的数值仿真。研究发现蒙皮开缝后能有效降低蒙皮内的应力水平。面板回弹引起背筋的不均匀变形是面板成形误差产生的主因。分析了面板形面曲率、蒙皮开缝长度和背筋高度等面板结构参数对面板成形精度的影响规律,为合理设计该工艺过程和提高面板的成形质量提供了重要依据。     

蒙皮拉形机快速换模系统力学安全性分析

拉伸成形是飞机钣金的基本成形方法。由于飞机蒙皮种类繁琐、生产批量小,在拉形的过程中需要频繁的更换模具,而现有国内蒙皮拉形机换模仍为传统换模方式,换模时间长,换模过程繁琐。针对这一情况,研发出了一套蒙皮拉形机快速换模系统,能从根本上提高蒙皮拉形机的换模效率,进而提高蒙皮拉形机的生产效率。采用有限元方法,对所提出的蒙皮拉形机快速换模系统进行力学安全性分析,研究了该系统内部重要零部件在极限工况下的应力分布,对整个换模系统的完善与再优化具有重要的意义。分析结果显示:该蒙皮拉形机快速换系统是结构安全的。     

基于灰色系统理论的方盒件拉深稳健设计

利用灰色系统理论,以目标序列之间的关联度作为目标函数,将多目标优化转化为单目标优化问题.在板料成形的稳健设计中,通常需要满足多个目标,如不拉裂、不起皱、变形充分等质量要求,而且要满足响应波动减少的要求.对成形中可控因子进行试验设计,利用有限元分析软件获得拉深成形中各个目标对应的响应值.对计算获得的目标序列灰色关联度进行方差分析,得到各个因子各个水平对响应的影响程度,从而获得因子的最佳参数.最后利用最佳参数进行有限元分析,结果表明质量明显提高.研究表明,将灰色理论应用到板料拉深成形稳健设计中,取得较好的结果,说明该方法在多目标稳健设计中有很大的适用性.     

数字化环境下的拉形模制造

拉形模是成形飞机蒙皮的重要工艺装备。本文通过对拉形模传统制造工艺方法与现代制造工艺方法的比较,探讨了数字化环境下拉形模的设计和制造工艺以及新材料的应用情况。     

数控蒙皮拉形试验机系统开发与应用研究

拉形是飞机蒙皮成形的主要方式之一，为研究蒙皮零件在拉形过程中的变形行为，自行研制开发了1000KN数控蒙皮拉形试验机系统。系统采用电液伺服技术，实现了夹钳的水平转动、俯仰、拉伸动作，工作台可以形成任意角度上顶，能够完成飞机蒙皮零件成形所需的拉形轨迹。试验结果表明，系统具有较高的精度。符合大多数蒙皮零件的拉形试验要求，为开展蒙皮拉形过程控制和工艺研究提供了试验保障。     

飞机蒙皮数字化制造技术应用研究

随着科学技术的迅猛发展,以数字化为核心的制造技术给航空工业带来了史无前例的变革和飞跃。在飞机蒙皮制造领域,逐步形成了以数字量传递为核心,基于可重构柔性多点模具的蒙皮数控拉形技术、基于离线测量闭环形状控制的柔性模具数控拉形工艺优化技术以及可重构柔性夹持数控切边技术的飞机蒙皮数字化制造技术体系,成功实现了从蒙皮零件三维数模设计、工艺仿真和优化、数控成形、数字化检测到最终零件的柔性化、数字化和精确化制造。     

板料柔性拉边成形与压边成形方式的比较

柔性拉边成形是在已有冲压成形工艺的基础上结合柔性拉形原理诞生的一种新型板料柔性成形方法。用柔性拉边技术代替传统压边技术,可实现球形件、鞍形件、盒形件、非规则曲面件及带凸台曲面件等三维曲面件的柔性成形。探讨柔性拉边成形原理及工艺,建立柔性拉边成形过程的有限元模型;为验证柔性拉边成形工艺的可行性和通用性,建立鞍形件多点模具成形及带凸台曲面件整体模具成形过程的有限元模型,通过对比分析拉边成形和压边成形方式,研究不同成形方式对板料起皱拉裂缺陷、应力应变分布、流动及回弹情况的影响。结果表明:压边成形时,板料容易产生起皱、拉裂等缺陷,较难得到高质量的成形件;而在相同条件下,采用拉边成形方式所得成形件应力应变分布均匀、回弹小,拉边力抑制起皱、拉裂等缺陷的产生,同时板料流动更均匀。     

基于元模型重用技术的蒙皮拉形模具优化设计

针对目前航空钣金制造中,飞机蒙皮零件设计制造存在的多次重复建立系统模型问题,提出了一种基于元模型和重用技术的几何/分析模型全信息相关的设计方法。首先在ABAQUS中对蒙皮拉伸成形工艺和模具拓扑优化过程进行仿真模拟,分析结果文件并生成设计分析流;再综合比较系统模型的信息及特点,对元模型关键参数进行特征提取和操作分析,并将重用信息分别映射至三维模型和仿真模型,实现对元模型的多次调用。以某飞机蒙皮拉形模具CAD/CAE设计系统为例,分析了系统的设计框架和零件模型的构建模式,利用CAA语言和Python脚本开发出可应用于成形仿真模拟和模具拓扑优化的通用化程序,实现了面向设计模式重用的系统集成开发。     

蒙皮数控拉形位移加载设计方法研究

针对蒙皮拉形工艺设计、数值模拟与数控拉形设备高效结合的问题,提出板料变形与数控拉形设备机构运动相耦合的位移加载设计方法。基于数控拉形设备VTL1000建立蒙皮数控拉形数值分析模型;采用几何解析方法推导板料变形与机构运动位移加载的关系,将关系解作为数值模拟的边界条件。用研究实例证明该方法具有较高的精度和较强的工程实用性。     

结构钢O型环拉弯成型工艺技术研究

介绍了O型环的结构特点,分析了常规工艺方法在产品成型过程中存在的不足,提出了采用拉弯成型工艺制造。型环,并由此制订了拉弯成形工艺方案。产品试制结果表明,制订的拉弯成型工艺方案可行,产品生产效率高,精度好,性能优良。     

基于参数和代理模型不确定性的冲压稳健性设计优化

在传统的基于代理模型的冲压稳健性设计中,由于代理模型与真实模型间存在着误差,必然会导致优化结果存在一定的误差。将实验设计、Kriging模型相结合,综合考虑参数不确定性和代理模型不确定性的影响,提出了一种新的冲压稳健性优化设计方法。通过因素敏感性分析筛选出相应的设计变量和噪声因素,基于Kriging模型构建设计参数和质量指标的代理模型,采用蒙特卡罗分析方法以及遗传算法获得最优工艺解。实例分析结果表明,综合两种不确定因素的稳健设计方法能有效地降低拉裂、起皱约束失效概率,提高冲压件成形质量和工艺稳健性。     

Robust optimization of the energy efficiency of the cold roll forming process

This paper proposes a hybrid modeling methodology for the robust optimization of cold roll forming process parameters. Energy efficiency is considered with the utilization of both analytical and computational models. A robust design algorithm is developed for the calculation of the optimized energy efficiency indicator through an analytical model at a low computational cost. The calculated optimum energy efficient solution is validated by a finite elements model (FEM) under specific quality constraints: the mapping of longitudinal strains, along a roll forming direction and a cross-sectional distribution, major strains on FLD, profile thickness reduction, and cross-sectional dimensional error. A robust design optimization towards the energy efficiency of a U-channel profile is demonstrated, and the effect of process parameters on the energy efficiency indicator is calculated. The paper arrived at the conclusion that the factors with the dominant effect on energy efficiency are roll gap, roller radius, and bending angle concept, with 30.96, 24.77, and 23.62 % contribution, respectively. Verification of the quality constraints over FEM has proven the feasibility of the optimum solution.     

Gear hot forging process robust design based on finite element method

During the hot forging process, the shaping property and forging quality will fluctuate because of die wear, manufacturing tolerance, dimensional variation caused by temperature and the different friction conditions, etc. In order to control this variation in performance and to optimize the process parameters, a robust design method is proposed in this paper, based on the finite element method for the hot forging process. During the robust design process, the Taguchi method is the basic robust theory. The finite element analysis is incorporated in order to simulate the hot forging process. In addition, in order to calculate the objective function value, an orthogonal design method is selected to arrange experiments and collect sample points. The ANOVA method is employed to analyze the relationships of the design parameters and design objectives and to find the best parameters. Finally, a case study for the gear hot forging process is conducted. With the objective to reduce the forging force and its variation, the robust design mathematical model is established. The optimal design parameters obtained from this study indicate that the forging force has been reduced and its variation has been controlled.     

管材拉弯工艺及数值模拟分析

拉弯是管材弯曲成形的重要工艺方法,采用有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对不同工艺参数下的管材拉弯成形过程进行了数值模拟,通过改变相对弯曲半径R/D和相对弯曲厚度t/D,分析了拉弯工艺参数对成形过程的影响。研究结果表明:通过增大相对弯曲半径R/D或增大相对弯曲厚度t/D,降低弯曲件的等效应力,可以有效控制弯曲件壁厚的变化,有助于提高管材拉弯成形的质量。     

非规则曲面件的多夹钳式柔性拉伸成形研究

应用多夹钳式拉形机具有高柔性化的特点,根据目标件确定毛坯形状,夹钳依据毛坯形状对其进行夹持,尝试柔性拉形中的非矩形毛坯夹持。针对某一非规则曲面件,分别建立矩形毛坯和梯形毛坯的拉形有限元模型,并进行拉形数值模拟,对比分析两种形状毛坯对成形结果的影响。模拟结果表明,梯形毛坯拉形件比矩形毛坯拉形件的应力、应变数值减小且分布均匀;减薄率更小。梯形毛坯更能够节省材料,提高材料利用率。在多夹钳式拉形机上对矩形毛坯和梯形毛坯进行拉形试验,验证模拟结果的正确性。通过数值模拟和拉形试验充分证明了多夹钳式拉形机能够对非矩形毛坯件夹持的可行性,拉形效果更好,可以为其他非规则曲面件拉形提供参考和借鉴,使拉形工艺在工业应用的领域得到进一步拓展,为新型拉形机的设计与开发奠定了基础。     

Robust optimization of the billet for isothermal local loading transitional region of a Ti-alloy rib-web component based on dual-response surface method

Billet optimization can greatly improve the forming quality of the transitional region in the isothermal local loading forming (ILLF) of large-scale Ti-alloy rib-web components. However, the final quality of the transitional region may be deteriorated by uncontrollable factors, such as the manufacturing tolerance of the preforming billet, fluctuation of the stroke length, and friction factor. Thus, a dual-response surface method (RSM)-based robust optimization of the billet was proposed to address the uncontrollable factors in transitional region of the ILLF. Given that the die underfilling and folding defect are two key factors that influence the forming quality of the transitional region, minimizing the mean and standard deviation of the die underfilling rate and avoiding folding defect were defined as the objective function and constraint condition in robust optimization. Then, the cross array design was constructed, a dual-RSM model was established for the mean and standard deviation of the die underfilling rate by considering the size parameters of the billet and uncontrollable factors. Subsequently, an optimum solution was derived to achieve the robust optimization of the billet. A case study on robust optimization was conducted. Good results were attained for improving the die filling and avoiding folding defect, suggesting that the robust optimization of the billet in the transitional region of the ILLF was efficient and reliable.     

Optimization techniques applied to single point incremental forming process for biomedical application

Single point incremental forming (SPIF) process has the potential to replace conventional sheet forming process in industrial applications. For this, its major defects, especially poor geometrical accuracy, should be overcome. This process is influenced by many factors such as step size, tool diameter, and friction coefficient. The optimum selection of these process parameters plays a significant role to ensure the quality of the product. This paper presents the optimization aspects of SPIF parameters for titanium denture plate. The optimization strategy is determined by numerical simulation based on Box–Behnken design of experiments and response surface methodology. The Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm and the Global Optimum Determination by Linking and Interchanging Kindred Evaluators algorithm have been proposed for application to find the optimum solutions. Minimizing the sheet thickness, the final achieved depth and the maximum forming force were considered as objectives. For results evaluation, the denture plate was manufactured using SPIF with the optimum process parameters. The comparison of the final geometry with the target geometry was conducted using an optical measurement system. It is shown that the applied method provides a robust way for the selection of optimum parameters in SPIF.