废润滑油絮凝—吸附再生工艺的研究

以两种表面活性剂作絮凝剂、活性白土为吸附剂 ,经絮凝、吸附再生处理了废润滑油。考察了影响絮凝、吸附的各种因素。确定最佳絮凝条件 :温度 85°C、1 5 0 g废润滑油所需两种絮凝剂用量分别为 3.7g和 1 .3g;最佳吸附条件 :活性白土 1 2 .3%、温度 1 1 0°C、时间 90 min。经元素分析 ,净化精制后油品的 Zn、Pb、Ca、P等元素的含量显著降低。精制油理化指标符合国家标准。     

中、高粘度废压缩机油的净化

对中、高粘度废压缩机油的净化进行了研究。选用吸附能力较强的活性白土作为吸附剂。引入煤焦油加氢后 6 0～ 80℃馏分作为稀释剂 ,加快净化过程沉降、过滤速度。通过实验确定的净化条件为 :m(废油 )∶m(活性白土 ) =5∶1,精制温度 180℃ ,精制时间 40min ,V(废油 )∶V(稀释剂 ) =10∶6～ 8,净化油的质量达到中国石化总公司Q/SHR0 0 1 95润滑油基础油的标准 ,回收率大于 90 %。     

吸附脱除矿物油中苯并[a]芘等八种多环芳烃的研究

采用氧化铝、树脂、活性炭对矿物油中的苯并[a]芘等八种多环芳烃吸附效果进行研究分析。结果表明,椰壳活性炭在温度200℃和吸附时间60 min条件下,八种芳烃脱除效果明显,脱除率可达48.2%。吸附剂种类及吸附温度对多环芳烃的吸附效果影响较为关键,该方法可应用于生产橡胶增塑剂芳香基矿物油的原料预处理或产品后精制过程,使生产操作更为灵活。     

稠环芳烃加氢饱和催化剂研究进展

受共振能、空间位阻和竞争吸附等方面的影响,稠环芳烃末环的吸附活化是其加氢饱和反应的重点和难点之一。本文系统综述了稠环芳烃加氢饱和反应特点及各类稠环芳烃加氢饱和催化剂。分析表明,稠环芳烃吸附活化与其分子自身的属性和催化剂的性质密切相关,调控催化剂中活性金属的电子状态可有效促进稠环芳烃分子的吸附活化。针对常见稠环芳烃加氢饱和催化剂,本文分类阐述了各类稠环芳烃加氢饱和催化剂的活性相结构、活性位点数量和活性金属电子密度的调控方法。分析指出,提高活性组分的分散度和形成活性金属的缺电子状态能够提升催化剂的加氢活性,可通过调节载体的酸性和添加助剂等方法实现。     

从废活性白土中回收增塑剂

一、概况: 废活性白土是生产芳烃增塑剂的副产物,主要成份为活性白土和增塑剂。化工厂在芳烃增塑剂生产过程中加入活性白土,目的是使芳烃增塑剂脱去胶质颜色,经过滤成为透明的液体,而滤渣是吸附了大量增塑剂     

分子筛吸附剂对不同类型柴油吸附分离性能的研究

采用离子交换法制备分子筛吸附剂,分析发现分子筛吸附剂的孔结构以晶内微孔为主,并含有晶间介孔,具有结晶度高、晶粒分布均匀、弱酸和强酸协同作用的特点。以不同类型柴油为吸附原料和轻型解吸剂（沸点低于柴油）,利用模拟移动床分离装置,考察分子筛吸附剂对不同类型柴油的吸附分离性能。结果显示：在吸附温度为120℃、压力为1.2 MPa、吸附区回流比为0.5～1.5、精制区回流比为0.2～1.5、解吸区回流比为2.0～6.0、隔离区回流比-2～0的条件下,分子筛吸附剂在不同类型柴油吸附-脱附体系下运行稳定,芳烃产品中芳烃纯度>95%,非芳烃产品中非芳烃纯度>95%;不同类型柴油中硫氮含量、馏程轻重和芳烃含量对吸附分离效果没有影响,不同类型柴油中芳烃含量越高,解吸剂与柴油体积比越高,在模拟工业应用条件下,分子筛吸附剂稳定运行时间超过600 d,所制得的分子筛吸附剂具有芳烃选择性高、吸附容量大、运行稳定性高等特点。     

活性白土/壳聚糖复合物对印染污染物的吸附性能研究

通过十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对活性白土进行改性,将改性后的活性白土与壳聚糖复合制备活性白土/壳聚糖复合物。所制备的复合物经红外光谱仪(FTIR)、热重分析仪(TGA)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)进行表征,测试复合物的结构、热稳定性能和形貌。通过单因素实验,考察复合吸附剂对印染废水中二甲酚橙、亚甲基蓝、甲基紫的吸附效率。结果表明,复合吸附剂对二甲酚橙、亚甲基蓝、甲基紫的吸附效率分别达到97.4%,98.5%,97.7%,明显高于单一吸附剂对3种染料的吸附效率,显示了复合吸附剂良好的吸附性能。     

活性白土/壳聚糖复合物对印染污染物的吸附性能研究

通过十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对活性白土进行改性,将改性后的活性白土与壳聚糖复合制备活性白土/壳聚糖复合物。所制备的复合物经红外光谱仪(FTIR)、热重分析仪(TGA)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)进行表征,测试复合物的结构、热稳定性能和形貌。通过单因素实验,考察复合吸附剂对印染废水中二甲酚橙、亚甲基蓝、甲基紫的吸附效率。结果表明,复合吸附剂对二甲酚橙、亚甲基蓝、甲基紫的吸附效率分别达到97.4%,98.5%,97.7%,明显高于单一吸附剂对3种染料的吸附效率,显示了复合吸附剂良好的吸附性能。     

活性白土/壳聚糖复合物吸附剂对果汁的澄清作用研究

利用简便的方法制备了活性白土/壳聚糖复合物吸附剂,并通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重(TG)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜对所制备的吸附剂进行表征.结果表明,壳聚糖嵌入到活性白土的片层结构中,形成了稳定的复合结构,进而增大了活性白土的片层间距,有利于提高活性白土的吸附性能.活性白土/壳聚糖复合物作为吸附剂,对草莓汁、西瓜汁、橙汁均具有较好的澄清效果.对草莓汁澄清条件为:吸附剂用量为0.02 g,35℃、吸附时间1.5h、pH 5,澄清度为69.36％;对西瓜汁的澄清条件为:吸附剂用量为0.02 g,25℃、吸附时间1.5h、pH 6,澄清度达到98.42％;对橙汁的澄清条件为:吸附剂用量为0.02 g,30℃、吸附时间1h、pH 6,澄清度为61.08％.     

不同方法制备的精制沥青平均分子结构的研究

以中温沥青为原料,采取4种精制方法,获得样品RP-1、RP-2、RP-3和RP-4。根据4种精制沥青的元素组成和平均分子量推断出4种精制沥青的平均分子式,再根据1H-NMR波谱判定4种精制沥青分子中氢的归属。采用改进的BrownLander模型计算得出:RP-1的平均分子结构是以迫位缩合为主、渺位缩合为辅的八元稠环芳烃构成;RP-2的平均分子结构是以迫位缩合的五元稠环芳烃构成;RP-3和RP-4的平均分子结构均为迫位缩合的六元稠环芳烃构成。红外光谱分析结果表明:4种精制沥青中的杂原子氧是以R—O—R和Ar—O—R结构存在,杂原子N是以R—NH—R结构存在。     

改性黏土对染料工艺废水处理的研究

采用氯化十二烷基二甲基苄基铵改性后的改性黏土吸附剂Y处理不同类型的染料工艺废水.通过实验研究不同条件下,不同类型废水COD和色度的去除率以及吸附规律,探讨活性黏土和改性黏土吸附剂Y所带官能团与其降低废水中COD和色度的规律.     

活性白土净化废汽轮机油

对废汽轮机油进行了再生研究。选用吸附能力比较强的活性白土为原料,采用实验室自制的经过引入无机高分子以后的改性活性白土为主要吸附剂,利用再生后油的透过率的变化,对再生条件进行了研究。再生条件：温度５５ ～６５ ℃;搅拌时间２０～３０ ｍｉｎ,根据汽轮机油劣化的程度不同,通过实验确定所加的吸附剂量一般为５％ ～２０ ％ 。再生后的油送检测单位检验,再生前后对比：水溶性酸碱ｐＨ４－９／５－８,酸值０－０５９６／０－００５７ ｍｇ ＫＯＨ／ｇ,破乳化度（ 搅拌法）５０／１ ｍｉｎ。结论：再生效果较好,达到新油标准。再生后废油的回收率可达８５％ 左右。     

Mg-土吸附剂的吸附性能

Mg-土吸附剂是由含镁黏土经物理方法提纯,再于250℃热活化处理20min后,制得一种新的吸附材料。重点考察了Mg-土吸附剂对铜离子的吸附性能,正交实验结果表明,Mg-土吸附剂在吸附温度60℃,吸附时间30min条件下,达到吸附平衡时对Cu2+离子的吸附量为50.816mg/g,吸附率为99.99。证明了Mg-土吸附剂对Cu2+离子具有较强的吸附能力,是一种处理含铜废水的理想吸附材料。     

吸附剂的改性及脱除乙二醇中微量杂质

采用不同类型的吸附剂液相吸附处理乙二醇产品中微量杂质以提高其紫外透光率。实验结果表明采用活性炭进行吸附的效果优于凹凸棒石黏土和活性氧化铝。同时研究了不同改性条件下的活性炭对提高乙二醇紫外透光率的影响,结果显示经高温氨水还原改性后的活性炭吸附剂对乙二醇样品中影响紫外透光率杂质的去除效果最佳,经处理后乙二醇在220 nm、275 nm和350 nm处的紫外透光率值分别为81.23%、91.67%和99.23%,达到纤维级乙二醇标准。     

短程蒸馏技术在废润滑油再生工艺中的应用

介绍了近年来国内外废润滑油再生工艺的研究现状。采用短程蒸馏加白土补充精制工艺对废润滑油再生进行试验研究,再生润滑油达到了新润滑油技术指标。表明该工艺回收率高,再生周期短,清洁环保,不产生二次污染,具有很好的经济效益和社会效益。     

Saudi Arabian clays for lead removal in wastewater

Three types of local clays–Tabuk, Baha, and Khaiber–were tested for their abilities to adsorb lead ions from wastewater. The effect of pH on the adsorption of lead ions was also investigated. The clays were treated with hydrochloric acid to activate adsorption sites within clay particles. Untreated Tabuk clay had the largest adsorption capacity, about 30 mg lead/g clay, in comparison with those of Baha and Khaiber clays. The smallest adsorption was observed with Khaiber clay, about 10 mg lead/g clay; this may be attributed to the prior existence of lead within the clay. The adsorption of the acid-activated clays was not enhanced compared to those of untreated clays. The Langmuir model described the experimental data for all untreated clays, while the Freundlich model described the experimental data of untreated Khaiber clay and treated Baha clay. The local clays tested in this study, especially Tabuk clay, may be utilized as cost-effective and efficient adsorbent materials for removing heavy metals from wastewater in Saudi Arabia.     

Characterization of adsorbent materials supported on polyurethane foams by nitrogen and toluene adsorption

Different composite adsorbent materials were obtained by supporting three activated carbons, one zeolite and one pillared clay, in a polyurethane foam. Adsorption isotherms of nitrogen and toluene were determined to evaluate the influence of the supporting process in the adsorption capacity of the different adsorbent materials. The results indicate that the activated carbons in form of pellets presented the best results with a decrease of about 20% in the nitrogen adsorption capacity but maintaining the same toluene adsorption capacity. The inorganic adsorbents presented a decrease of about 73% for the zeolite and 97% for the pillared clay in the nitrogen adsorption capacity and also a pronounced decrease in the toluene adsorption capacity. Two materials, one activated carbon and one zeolite, with different particle sizes were supported in the polyurethane foam. The decrease in the adsorption capacity of nitrogen and toluene was more pronounced when solids with smaller particles were used. This was an indication that the decrease in the adsorption capacity is related to the impregnation of the surface of the solid particles by the polyurethane during the synthesis of the composite material, which was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Nevertheless, the supporting method, in a one step procedure, presented itself with good possibilities for applications with activated carbons in the form of pellets.     

Preparation of photoresponsive polymeric adsorbent containing amphiphilic polymer with azobenzene moiety and its application for cell adhesion chromatography

In order to develop a new type column chromatography, a polymeric adsorbent was prepared by grafting a photoresponsive polymer containing an azobenzene moiety on the surface of controlled pore glass beads. The polarity of the surface of the polymeric adsorbent was increased by UV irradiation because of trans–cis isomerization of azobenzene moiety. Adhesion chromatography of erythrocytes was carried out using the photoresponsive polymeric adsorbent. The erythrocytes were adhered to the adsorbent in the dark and separated from the adsorbent by UV irradiation. This behavior appears to be caused by the photoresponse of the polarity change on the surface of the polymeric adsorbent. The morphology of the erythrocytes which adhered on the surface of the photoresponsive polymeric adsorbent remained unchanged both in the dark and after UV irradiation. The amount of erythrocytes which adhered to the adsorbent increased with increasing the molecular weight of the grafted polymer and the hydrophobicity of the surface.     

Soy oil lutein adsorption by rice hull ash

Rice hull material was converted to an adsorbent of the soy oil pigment, lutein, by a combination of ashing and acid activation. Pigment was adsorbed from a 20% (v/v) soy oil/hexane miscella. The most effective ashing temperature was 500°C. Five percent acid activation significantly promoted adsorption of the ash, but greater acid activation did not increase adsorption capacity very much. In the system studied, the performance of activated ash was comparable to that of activated bleaching earth. Nonactivated ash also had an ability to bind lutein but was less effective than activated adsorbent. The absorbance spectrum of the residual lutein was not altered by rice hull ash, but was changed when exposed to bleaching clay.