中热水泥-粉煤灰体系的贫钙问题

为了提高水工大体积混凝土中的粉煤灰掺量,研究了中热水泥 粉煤灰体系的贫钙问题.通过抗折和抗压强度试验研究了粉煤灰掺量对中热水泥-粉煤灰体系的强度的影响，通过水化率测定和XRD分析研究了中热水泥-粉煤灰体系的水化特性.结果表明：在强度实验中，粉煤灰存在一个允许掺量，这个掺量随着养护龄期的增长而提高0.3 d和28 d时，允许掺量小于10%， 而在3.5a时，允许掺量高达65%以上；体系中粉煤灰的水化速率很慢，粉煤灰明显降低了体系中的Ca(OH)₂，随着粉煤灰掺量增加和龄期延长，Ca(OH)₂减少.在中热水泥-粉煤灰体系中并不存在贫钙问题.     

Effect of limestone powder and fly ash on magnesium sulfate resistance of mortar

The effect of limestone powder and fly ash on magnesium sulfate resistance of mortar was studied by testing on the strength, expansion and hydration products of the specimens stored in MgSO₄ solution at certain periods. The experimental results show that the strength of mortar stored in MgSO₄ solution increases a little before 28 d, but decreases fast subsequently. The more the contents of limestone powder and fly ash, the less the strength losses. Mortar swells in the MgSO₄ solution with the soaking time. And the more the contents of limestone powder and fly ash, the less the expansion rate is. The expansion or strength loss of mortars results from the expansion of gypsum, as well as the loss of Ca(OH)₂ and other hydration products of cement. The magnesium sulfate resistance of the mortars containing limestone powder and fly ash is high.     

纳米SiO2超高强高流态混凝土及改性机理

通过正交试验提出纳米超高强高流态混凝土的胶凝材料配合比设计参数,并研究了纳米SiO₂的掺入对传统掺硅灰、粉煤灰超高强水泥基胶凝材料强度及工作性能的影响。在保证水胶比不变的条件下,开展了混凝土配合比试验,并研究了纳米SiO₂对混凝土抗压强度的影响及其微观机理。结果表明：超高强高流态混凝土中胶凝材料最优比例为：纳米SiO₂：硅灰：粉煤灰：水泥=1：8：20：71;在胶凝材料用量为600~1 000 kg/m³范围内,随着其掺量的增加,混凝土流动度不断增加,抗压强度先增大后减小,当其掺量为800 kg/m³时,抗压强度最大。分析认为,纳米SiO₂、硅灰与粉煤灰形成的三元多尺度堆积体系能优化粉体材料在混凝土中的微集料密实填充效应,纳米SiO₂的二次水化反应也有效改善了硬化水泥石的微观结构,并优化其形态分布,进一步增大其强度。     

Effects of GH admixture on the early strength of fly ash concrete and mortar

The enhancement effects of GH admixture on the early strengths of fly ash concrete and mortar were studied, and the mechanism was analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electro microscope （SEM）. Experimental results show that, by the incorporation of GH admixture, both of cement hydration and pozzolanic reaction of fly ash are accelerated, the strengths of fly ash concrete and mortar are enhanced noticeably, especially the early strength. With a mixture design of 200 kg/m^3 OPC （Ordinary Portland Cement ）, 200 kg/m^3 fly ash and 50 kg/m^3 GH admixture, the strength of concrete at 1 d, 3 d and 28 d reaches 25 MPa, 50 MPa and 70 MPa respectively.     

碱激发免蒸压加气混凝土的研究

对碱激发磷渣制备免蒸压加气混凝土进行了研究,讨论了粉煤灰掺量、碱含量、水玻璃模数、养护制度等因素对加气混凝土发气速度、稠化速度及容重、强度等性能的影响。并使用SEM、XRD等手段对水化产物进行了微观分析。研究结果表明激发剂的碱含量是影响加气混凝土性能的主要因素,同时在水玻璃模数为1.2、碱含量为6%和60℃蒸汽养护的条件下可以制备出28 d强度高达11.9 MPa容重为806 kg/m3的加气混凝土。     

Hydration Kinetics of Municipal Solid Wastes Incineration(MSWI) Fly Ash-Cement

Hydration heat behavior and kinetics of blended cement containing up to 20% MSWI fly ash were investigated based on its hydration heat evolution rate measured by isothermal calorimeter. Kinetics parameters, N and K, and hydration degree, Ca(OH)_2 content, were also calculated and analyzed. According to the experimental results, the induction period was elongated, the second heat evolution peak was in advance, and the third hydration heat peak could be detected due to MSWI fly ash pozzolanic reaction. The hydration reaction rate was controlled by nucleation kinetics in the acceleration period and then by diffusion in the decay period, but in the deceleration period, the hydration experienced a dual controlling reaction of autocatalytic chemical reaction and diffusion. The hydration rate of blended cement was faster. Ca(OH)_2 content increased before 14 days.     

Effects of fly ash/diatomite admixture with variable particle sizes on the mechanical properties and porosity of concrete

Fly ash and diatomite were mixed uniformly and ground within various time scale and fly ash/diatomite admixtures with variable particle sizes were obtained. Effects of particle size distributions of the admixtures on the mechanical properties and porosity of concrete were studied. The relationship between the size distribution of the admixture and the concrete porosity was obtained based on the regression analysis of the data. The results show that compressive and flexural strengths of the concrete at 3 d and 7 d increase with the decrease of the admixture particle size. With regards to the concrete at 14 d, lowering the particle size of fly ash/diatomite admixture leads to the increasing of the compressive and flexural strength of the concrete, before decreasing afterwards again. At the d50 value of 15.2 μm, the mechanical properties of concrete were greatly improved. In addition, finer particle of the fly ash/diatomite admixture leads to significant micro-aggregate effect and volcanic ash effect and thus obtains denser pore structure, smaller porosity and higher hydration degree of the cementitious material. Especially for the samples curing at the early stage, the improving effect on the pore structure was obvious.     

粉煤灰取代率对再生混凝土断裂性能影响试验研究

为了研究不同粉煤灰取代率对富含砖粒再生混凝土断裂性能的影响,以RC25为基准再生混凝土,并以粉煤灰取代率为0%、10%、20%、30%为变化参数,制作了四组尺寸为100 mm×100 mm×515 mm的富含砖粒再生混凝土三点弯曲梁试件。通过三点弯曲梁的断裂韧度试验,研究了富含砖粒再生混凝土随粉煤灰取代率的变化规律。结果表明:当粉煤灰取代率为10%时,富含砖粒再生混凝土的起裂韧度和失稳韧度提高幅度分别为4.61%和7.44%,当粉煤灰取代率超过10%后,随着粉煤灰取代率的增加,断裂韧度逐渐减小,最大降幅为12.21%。给出了富含砖粒再生混凝土的双K断裂韧度与粉煤灰取代率的关系式。     

磷渣粉在复合胶凝材料中的水化特性

用扫描电镜、X射线衍射和水化热测定等方法研究了磷渣粉在复合胶凝材料体系中的水化特性,并与Ⅱ级粉煤灰进行对比.结果表明:磷渣粉具有很强的缓凝特性,其缓凝性导致复合胶凝材料体系早期水化慢、强度低,但后期强度高,超过了对比粉煤灰,并存在强度最大时的最佳掺量.早期时磷渣粉可以延缓C3A的水化,AFt的生成明显减少,磷渣粉颗粒表面出现腐蚀痕迹;后期(180d)已找不到磷渣粉颗粒存在,磷渣粉颗粒几乎都全部水化,水化产物非常致密.     

Influence of elevated curing temperature on the properties of cement paste and concrete at the same hydration degree

Three different curing temperatures(20 ℃, 40 ℃, and 60 ℃) were set, so that the nonevaporable water(w_n) contents of plain cement pastes cured at these three temperatures were measured to determine the hydration degree of cement. Tests were carried out to compare the pore structure and strength of cement paste, as well as the strength and permeability of concrete under different temperature curing conditions when their cements were cured to the same hydration degree. The experimental results show that either at a relatively low hydration degree(w_n=15%) or high hydration degree(w_n=16.5%), elevated curing temperature has little influence on the hydration products of cement paste, while it has a negative influence on the pore structure and compressive strength of cement paste. However, this negative effect is weaker at high hydration degree. The large capillary pore(100 nm) volumes of cement pastes remain almost the same at high hydration degree, regardless of curing temperatures. As for the concrete, elevated curing temperature also has negative influence on its compressive strength development, at both low hydration degree and high hydration degree. And this negative effect is stronger than that on cement paste's compressive strength at the same hydration degree. On the whole, elevated curing temperature has little influence on the resistance of concrete to chloride ion penetration.     

固硫灰免蒸压加气混凝土性能影响因素的研究

利用循环流化床燃煤固硫灰制备了免蒸压无水泥加气混凝土,并对影响其性能的因素进行了研究。讨论了石灰掺量、激发剂掺量、料浆初始温度、养护制度、固硫灰细度、铝粉掺量等因素对无水泥固硫灰免蒸压加气混凝土性能的影响;并使用SEM和XRD等手段对制品的水化产物进行了形貌和矿物成分分析。研究结果表明:激发剂掺量是影响加气混凝土性能的主要因素;在生石灰掺量为12%,激发剂掺量为2.1%和60℃蒸汽养护1d的条件下,可以制备出容重为705kg/m3,强度达5.44MPa的无水泥固硫灰免蒸压加气混凝土。     

Glass-ceramics made from arc-melting slag of waste incineration fly ash

Grate fly ash and fluidized bed fly ash mixed with glass cullet additive respectively were melted in the electronic arc-furnace. The product, arc-melting slag, was further treated by crushing, pressing and heat treatment in order to make the glass-ceramics. The crystallization behaviors of the produced glass-ceramics were examined by differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results show that main crystalline phase of the glass-ceramics from grate fly ash is wollastonite (CaSiO₃) with small amount of diopside (Ca(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)₂O₆), and that from fluidized bed fly ash is diopside (Ca(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)₂O₆). It is found that the glass-ceramics sintered at 850 °C and 1 000 °C from grate fly ash and fluidized bed fly ash respectively have the optimal physical, mechanical and chemical characteristics. Glass-ceramics samples, produced from incinerator fly ash with desirable properties and the low leaching concentration of heavy metals, can be the substitute of nature materials such as marble, granite and porcelain tiles.     

Effect of MSWI fly ash and incineration residues on cement performances

The activities of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash and incineration residues were studied contrastively, through the component analysis and the activity ratio tests. The mechanical properties, hydration mechanism and leaching toxicity of the hardened cement paste mixing with MSWI fly ash and incineration residues were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the active constituents (CaO+Al₂O₃+Fe₂O₃) in MSWI fly ash were higher than those in incineration residues. Therefore the activity ratio of MSWI fly ash was 43.58%, twice as much as that of incineration residues. Meanwhile, the hydration of cement was delayed by mixing with MSWI fly ash and incineration residues, which also reduced the cement strength markedly. By adding with exceeding 20% MSWI fly ash, the specimens expanded and microcracks appeared. The leaching toxicities of cement pasted mixed with MSWI fly ash and incineration residues were lower than the Chinese national standard. Accordingly the cement mixed by MSWI fly ash and incineration residues can be considered as the environment-friendly materials.     

蒸汽养护对废弃粉煤灰火山灰活性的影响

通过研究蒸汽养护条件下含废弃粉煤灰的样品在抗压强度、水化产物以及孔隙率等方面的变化，探讨了蒸汽养护对废弃粉煤灰火山灰活性的影响。发现蒸汽养护会明显降低含废弃粉煤灰的样品的抗压强度，这主要是由于蒸汽养护增加了废弃粉煤灰样品的孔隙率以及阻碍了样品中钙钒石(AFt)的形成。虽然蒸汽养护可以促进AFm的形成，但由于废弃粉煤灰的活性很低，所以单纯进行蒸汽养护无法有效激活废弃粉煤灰的火山灰活性。     

Early-age Electrical Resistivity and Reactive Capacity of Mineral Admixtures in Mortars

1 IntroductionPozzolanic capacity of mineral admixture in concreteis usually tested by direct reaction with Ca(OH)2whilemonitoringthe consumption of lime (or strength develop-ment) .In theory,it is possible to completely react withall the calcium hydroxide , but this happens in practiceinfrequently.Some standards for methods ,among whichthere are chemical analysis and physical tests ,are devel-opedin some countries to allowaccurate characterizationof pozzolanic materials[1-3].And crrently,th…     

低水胶比下工业废渣与水泥熟料的相互作用

探索了工业废渣与水泥熟料相互作用的定量指标.以掺惰性材料———刚玉粉的水泥水化样作参比样,研究和分析了低水胶比下粉煤灰、煤矸石与水泥熟料的相互作用.实验中粉煤灰掺量为10%~80%,煤矸石掺量为20%~60%,龄期为1~672 h.结果表明,水泥中掺入粉煤灰和煤矸石,由于水泥熟料用量降低而产生的稀释作用促进了水泥熟料的水化,而其他物理化学作用则依工业废渣的掺量、水化样龄期的不同而表现为促进或延缓水泥熟料的水化.     

普通强度等级增钙灰混凝土耐久性研究

研究了用增钙灰作普通强度等级混凝土掺合料，所配制的增钙灰混凝土的力学性能，以及抗冻性、抗渗性、收缩、水化热、钢筋锈蚀、凝结时间等性能，为增钙灰在混凝土工程中的应用提供了数据。     

Effect of pozzolanic reaction products on alkali-silica reaction

1 IntroductionThe use of fly ashto control the expansion dueto al-kali-silica reaction (ASR) is well established and a num-ber of reviews have been published recently[1-4]. Howflyash brings about this reductionin expansionis not yet un-derstood although a number of theories have been put for-ward to explain its action. For controlling mechanism,they put more emphasis onthe adsorption andresort of al-kali by supplementary cementing material (SCM) , formore acidity oxide in SCM,and the secon…     

循环流化床粉煤灰加气混凝土制备研究

利用X射线荧光光谱仪、XRD等检测手段对循环流化床粉煤灰进行化学成分定性和定量分析,然后确定配合比:粉煤灰65%,水泥12%,石灰20%,石膏3%。主要研究了在蒸压养护条件下,不同水料比、不同铝粉添加量、不同无机外加剂硫酸钠、氯化钙添加量对加气混凝土砌块容重和强度的影响,研究发现最佳水料比为0.65,最佳铝粉掺量为0.1%,无机外加剂硫酸钠对加气混凝土砌块的容重和强度影响不大,而添加0.25%的氯化钙比无外加剂条件下强度提高了40%,达到4.55MPa,且容重为910kg/m3,随着氯化钙量的增加,强度反而下降。     

Early age properties of cementitious materials by electrical resistivity measurement

Three cement pastes were prepared with the fixed water-binder ratio and different fly ash contents. The compression test and electrical resistivity measurement of the paste mixes were conducted during 48 h. The changes of the CH content and the non-evaporable water content in the cement-fly ash hydration systems with time were obtained by the thermal gravimetric analysis. The experimental results show that dilution effect of fly ash as micro-filler is dominant mechanism before 48 h, which appears to decrease in the CH content and the non-evaporable water content, also in compressive strength and electrical resistivity, with the increase of fly ash replacement. The relationships between CH content, non-evaporable water content and electrical resistivity show that electrical resistivity can be the indicators of hydration products CH and non-evaporable water. The correlation of the compressive strength f _c and the electrical resistivity ρ can be obtained as f _c =8.3429 ρ = 6.7088 for the period of 48 h. The early age compressive strength can then be predicted by electrical resistivity measurement.