70％烯啶虫胺水分散粒剂的研制

介绍了70％烯啶虫胺水分散粒剂的制备方法,简述了该制剂的特点、配方选择、质量技术标准、贮藏稳定性。试验结果表明,该产品悬浮率90％以上,崩解时间小于60s,热贮（54℃±2℃,14d）分解率小于5%等特点,产品各项指标符合水分散粒剂的要求。     

50％吡蚜酮水分散粒剂的研制

介绍了50%吡蚜酮水分散粒剂的制备方法及性能测试方法,简述了该制剂的特点、配方筛选、质量技术标准、贮藏稳定性.实验结果表明:该产品悬浮率80%以上,崩解时间小于180 S,热贮[(54±2)℃,14 d]分解率小于5%,产品各项指标符合水分散粒剂的要求.     

高浓度90%莠去津水分散粒剂的研制

介绍了高浓度90%莠去津水分散粒剂(WG)的制备,并确定了优惠配方,简述了该剂型的特点、配方组成、加工工艺、贮存稳定性以及性能测定。试验结果表明该产品的各项指标符合水分散性粒剂的要求,如悬浮率在90%以上,崩解时间在1min以内,在(54±2)℃下贮存4周后的分解率小于5%,且产品的各项指标均符合水分散粒剂的要求。     

丙烯酸系共聚物钠盐分散剂的合成及在农药水分散粒剂中的应用

合成了丙烯酸系共聚物钠盐分散剂,并应用于75%苯磺隆水分散粒剂配方中,对产品的性能进行了评价。结果表明水分散粒剂悬浮率可达到90%以上,崩解时间小于60s,热贮(54±2)℃分解率小于3%,满足水分散粒剂使用的各项技术指标;室内除草药效结果表明自制的样品与国外同类产品对测试杂草靶标的生物活性相当,合成的高分子分散剂适合于所选择农药的水分散粒剂的制备。     

80%碱式硫酸铜水分散粒剂的配方研究

主要研究了润湿剂、分散剂、崩解剂和填料等因素对碱式硫酸铜80%水分散粒剂性能的影响,确定了碱式硫酸铜水分散粒剂的配方组成:碱式硫酸铜80%、Morwet EFW 3%、Morwet D-425 5%、T/36 3%、羧甲基淀粉钠3%,白炭黑补足至100%。经过试验分析表明,产品悬浮率达到90%以上,崩解时间小于1 min,热贮[(54±2)℃]分解率小于5%,产品各项指标符合水分散粒剂的要求。     

40%烯酰吗啉水分散粒剂的配方研究

通过对润湿分散剂、助崩解剂等助剂的筛选,确定了40%烯酰吗啉水分散粒剂的最佳配方为烯酰吗啉40%,萘磺酸盐分散剂6%,丁基萘磺酸钠2%,尿素5%,果糖0.3%,填料为高岭土。简述了该剂型的特点、配制方法及生产工艺,介绍了产品性能及其测定方法。研究结果表明,该产品分散性好,悬浮率大于90%,润湿时间小于30s,崩解时间小于1min,热贮分解率小于5%,各项指标均符合水分散粒剂的要求。     

80%烟嘧黄隆水分散粒剂的研究

介绍了80%烟嘧黄隆水分散粒剂的制备方法及性能测试方法,简述了该制剂的特点、配方筛选、质量技术标准、贮藏稳定性。试验结果表明,该产品悬浮率90%以上,崩解时间<60s,热贮[(54±2)℃,14d]分解率<5%,产品各项指标符合水分散粒剂的要求。     

50%烯酰吗啉水分散颗粒剂配方研究

通过对润湿分散剂、崩解剂等助剂进行筛选,确定了50%烯酰吗啉水分散粒剂的配方.最佳配方为50%烯酰吗啉,润湿剂K12和FLA-1分别为1%和6%,分散剂为4%FLB-1,崩解剂为5%尿素,硫酸钠作为填料.结果表明:该产品分散良好,悬浮率大于90%,润湿时间小于60 S,崩解性能良好,热贮分解率小于5%,各项指标均符合水分散粒剂的要求.     

30%茚虫威水分散粒剂的研制

介绍了30%茚虫威水分散粒剂的研制,简述了该制剂的特点、制备工艺、配方筛选、性能指标和贮藏稳定性。试验结果表明,该产品悬浮率90%以上,崩解性合格,热贮稳定性合格,且该产品的各指标均符合水分散粒剂的要求。     

80％戊唑醇水分散粒剂的研究

通过对分散剂、湿润剂、崩解剂和填料等各种助剂的筛选,确定了80％戊唑醇水分散粒剂的最佳配方:戊唑醇含量80％;分散剂:PO-EO嵌段聚醚5％;湿润剂:月桂醇聚氧乙烯基醚2％;崩解剂:羧甲基淀粉钠5％;高岭土补足.试验结果表明:该产品悬浮率90％以上,崩解时间小于30 s,热贮[(54±2)℃,14 d]分解率小于3％,产品各项指标符合水分散粒剂的要求.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.