The Promise and Perils of Near-Regular Texture

Motivated by the low structural fidelity for near-regular textures in current texture synthesis algorithms, we propose and implement an alternative texture synthesis method for near-regular texture. We view such textures as statistical departures from regular patterns and argue that a thorough understanding of their structures in terms of their translation symmetries can enhance existing methods of texture synthesis. We demonstrate the perils of texture synthesis for near-regular texture and the promise of faithfully preserving the regularity as well as the randomness in a near-regular texture sample.     

协同进化的近似规则纹理合成

纹理进化系统是一个面向近似规则纹理合成的算法,系统的主要特点是在进化理论的基础上,通过定义相关行为来优化纹理块在被拼接后无法改变而引发的累积误差问题.提出一种新的基于协同进化思想的纹理合成方案,通过新定义的个体选取及排布方式,可适用任意方向周期的纹理;通过去除迁徙、预建立适应度表等操作,很好地减轻了适应度计算开销的冗余度,并且新的进化过程能够更好地实现并行化.实验结果表明所提方案不仅在通用性上有所增强,在效率上也得到了显著提升.     

Periodic pattern of texture analysis and synthesis based on texels distribution

Recently, sample-based texture synthesis techniques have drawn significant attention from researchers. These existing approaches mainly use the Markov Random Field (MRF) or texture features as texture model to analyze the local properties of sample textures. Indeed, human perception is sensitive to structure and periodicity. In this paper, we perform texture synthesis by taking into account the distribution of texels. Given a sample texture, the analysis procedure consists in segmenting texture into individual texels, and detecting each texel in order to analyze their neighborhood relationships by constructing connectivity. Then the synthesis process consists in reproducing a new large texture directly on a user-specified canvas by recomposing segmented texels, which synthesizes two-dimensional texel arrangements based on the previously constructed neighborhood relationships of texels. Results show that the proposed method is successful in generating textures visually indistinguishable to the sample textures. Moreover, the method especially deals with the near-regular textures, which well preserves underlying structural regularity.     

基于纹理规则性分析的图像填补方法

针对目前图像填补中存在的很难自动分析和提取前景、背景,然后合理地恢复图像等问题,提出一种利用纹理规则性分析和纹理合成技术进行有效图像填补的方法.为了实现自动化的提取,将前景视为近似规则纹理的场景区域,首先引入纹理规则性分析方法,利用近似规则纹理具有强烈的信号规则性的特点自动有效地提取前景信息;然后通过合成优先级的思想将纹理合成技术和图像修补技术结合起来,提出一个合理的背景填补方法以恢复图像.实验结果证明,该方法可以自动有效地提取具有近似规则纹理特征的前景或背景内容,并合理地恢复图像.     

Texture Repairing by Unified Low Rank Optimization

In this paper, we show how to harness both low-rank and sparse structures in regular or near-regular textures for image completion. Our method is based on a unified formulation for both random and contiguous corruption. In addition to the low rank property of texture, the algorithm also uses the sparse assumption of the natural image: because the natural image is piecewise smooth, it is sparse in certain transformed domain (such as Fourier or wavelet transform). We combine low-rank and sparsity properties of the texture image together in the proposed algorithm. Our algorithm based on convex optimization can automatically and correctly repair the global structure of a corrupted texture, even without precise information about the regions to be completed. This algorithm integrates texture rectification and repairing into one optimization problem. Through extensive simulations, we show our method can complete and repair textures corrupted by errors with both random and contiguous supports better than existing low-rank matrix recovery methods. Our method demonstrates significant advantage over local patch based texture synthesis techniques in dealing with large corruption, non-uniform texture, and large perspective deformation.     

基于无参数Markov随机场模型的彩色纹理综合方法

提出一种基于多尺度、无参数Markov随机场模型和KL变换的彩色纹理综合方法。该方法能捕捉原始纹理的高阶统计特性,综合出与原始纹理视觉一致的彩色纹理图像。实验结果证明该方法对彩色纹理图像的综合非常有效。     

基于GPU加速的保结构纹理合成

提出一种基于Chamfer距离的保结构纹理合成方法。使用Chamfer距离度量纹理结构特征的相似度,在查找匹配块的同时计算纹理在颜色空间和结构特征空间的匹配度,从而解决以往纹理合成中有显著结构特征的纹理容易出现不连续的问题。但是Chamfer距离的计算量很大,而且随着纹理合成图分辨率的提高,计算成本会变得相当高昂以至于难以负担。因此,提出了基于GPU加速的保结构纹理合成方法,通过并行查找匹配块提高合成效率。实验证明本方法既提高了结构纹理的合成质量,又使得保结构纹理方法的合成速度大大提高,且与纹理合成图的分辨率无关。     

A hybrid-based texture synthesis approach

Texture synthesis has been an active research area in computer graphics, vision, and image processing. A hybrid texture synthesis approach that combines the strength of Ashikhmins [1] and Liangs [11] algorithms is presented in this paper. Using patches from the input sample texture to extend the input itself, more suitable valid candidate pixels in the input sample can be more precisely determined. An extra original position array is used to record the valid pixel position in the extended region of input sample texture such that the candidate pixel can be retrieved efficiently. Pasting patches with more global information of texture features to initialize the output texture, the texture synthesis process tends to grow larger pieces in the output texture so that the perceptual similarity is reserved as much as possible. Many classes of textures have been used to test our approach. As the experimental results showed, the proposed hybrid approach effectively and efficiently synthesizes high-quality textures from a wide variety of textures.     

一种新型纹理图像生成方法研究

利用人工神经网络BP算法 ,提出了一种新型纹理图像生成方法。其技术关键在于正确选取能够全面描述纹理的特征函数 ,并建立有效的人工神经网络模型。生成纹理图像时只需给出原始纹理图像 ,系统将自动计算图像的特征函数并做为BP网络输入 ,便可输出图像的灰度向量 ,生成纹理图像。实验结果表明 ,该方法适合于生成多种纹理图像 ,取得了令人满意的效果。     

一种基于可调滤波器金字塔算法的自然纹理综合方法

该文在深入分析可调滤波器金字塔算法的基础上,提出了一种基于分形理论和可调滤波器金字塔算法的自然纹理综合方法。这种方法以人类感知纹理的视觉模型为基础,能够用来模拟和生成多种自然景物的纹理图像。并通过大量实验验证所提方法,实验结果证明该方法能有效地产生具有真实感的自然纹理图像。     

带约束的基于样图地表纹理合成技术研究

在传统的视景仿真开发过程中,研究人员需要将海量的航空影像照片经过数字化等一系列处理变成可使用的地表纹理,映射在地形表面,生成地景数据库.此法耗费大量人力,而且地景库一经生成就不可再改变,真实性降低.提出一种新的地表纹理的生成方法,以随机生成的高度信息作为约束,不同的地表纹理单元作为样图,采用带约束的基于样图纹理合成算法合成出真实地表纹理图像.实验中,通过改变高程约束和对多种地表纹理进行组合,可以方便快速地合成高质量的二维地表纹理图像.提出的纹理合成的方法,为今后与数字地图相结合开发地景数据库,积累一定的经验.对提高视景数据库的真实性具有实际意义.     

Wei-Levoy纹理合成算法的搜索带加速方法

Wei和Levoy于2001年提出的纹理合成算法是当前典型的基于样图的纹理合成算法之一，但该方法存在算法实现复杂、使某些纹理的合成质量大大降低等缺点。文章提出了一种新的通过设置搜索带减小搜索范围的方法对Wei-Levoy纹理合成算法进行加速，并取得了理想的效果。     

纹理合成中的邻域大小自动识别算法

在许多采用马尔可夫随机场模型的基于样图的纹理合成算法中，邻域大小决定着这些合成算法的纹理合成质量和合成速度。但目前该参数是由用户根据目测的纹元大小进行试探性的设置，往往需要多次试探才能获得较为理想的邻域大小，设置起来非常不便。文章运用统计分析的方法，提出了一种邻域大小自动识别的算法。实验表明，在一个较宽的纹理范围内，该算法能够自动地识别出理想的邻域大小。     

Synthesizing Feather Textures in Galliformes

The texture of feather is one of the most fascinating, complicated, and beautiful texture patterns in nature. In this paper, we propose a new and effective texture generation approach that uses the traits of iteration behavior to synthesize the textures of Galliformes feathers realistically. We also propose an interactive feather modeling approach which provides a close connection between the user's intuition and the resulting branching pattern. In texturing the feather structure, we use an object-space mapping technique. Experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of our method.     

Texture evolution: 3D texture synthesis from single 2D growable texture pattern

An efficient model-independent 3D texture synthesis algorithm based on texture growing and texture turbulence is presented to create vivid 3D solid texture from a single 2D growable texture pattern. Given a 2D texture pattern of some growable material, our technique is able to create an anisotropic 3D volumetric texture cube to simulate the evolution of the material in 3D. An effective tiling scheme is designed to save computation and storage costs. Target objects are directly dipped into the synthesized 3D texture volume to generate creative, sculpture-like models that can be visualized with interactive speed. Our method is conceptually intuitive, computationally fast, and storage efficient compared with other solid texturing methods. As opposed to conventional 2D texture mapping work on polygonal surfaces, our approach is capable of decorating 3D point-rendering systems seamlessly. Furthermore, our combination of texture turbulence and texture growing techniques provides an attractive way to synthesize and tile natural 2D texture patterns, or generate simple but interesting motion textures.     

Multiscale directional filter bank with applications to structured and random texture retrieval

In this paper, multiscale directional filter bank (MDFB) is investigated for texture characterization and retrieval. First, the problem of aliasing in decimated bandpass images on directional decomposition is addressed. MDFB is then designed to suppress the aliasing effect as well as to minimize the reduction in frequency resolution. Second, an entropy-based measure on energy signatures is proposed to classify structured and random textures. With the use of this measure for texture pre-classification, an optimized retrieval performance can be achieved by selecting the MDFB-based method for retrieving structured textures and a statistical or model-based method for retrieving random textures. In addition, a feature reduction scheme and a rotation-invariant conversion method are developed. The former is developed so as to find the most representative features while the latter is developed to provide a set of rotation-invariant features for texture characterization. Experimental works confirm that they are effective for texture retrieval.     

一种通过视点切割的纹理描述方法

提出一种新的描述纹理的方法——视点切割（Viewpoint Slicing）模式。方法依据视觉心理学的理论,提取人的视觉系统对之敏感的纹理信息,如纹理的全局灰度极值点,局部灰度极值点,基元的边缘等特征。方法可以描述基于统计的方法无法适用的基元比较大的纹理,也可以有效描述复杂的自然纹理。详细讨论了方法的有效性,并用提取的纹理特征进行纹理分类实验,在Brodatz纹理全集上达到了96.7％的高正确分类率。而且方法基本不用调整参数,实验证明不同的参数配置都能稳定地达到相当高的正确分类率。     

Using perceptual relation of regularity and anisotropy in the texture with independent component model for defect detection

This paper addresses the raw textile defect detection problem using independent components approach with insights from human vision system. Human vision system is known to have specialized receptive fields that respond to certain type of input signals. Orientation-selective bar cells and grating cells are examples of receptive fields in the primary visual cortex that are selective to periodic- and aperiodic-patterns, respectively. Regularity and anisotropy are two high-level features of texture perception, and we can say that disruption in regularity and/or orientation field of the texture pattern causes structural defects. In our research, we observed that independent components extracted from texture images give bar or grating cell like results depending on the structure of the texture. For those textures having lower regularity and dominant local anisotropy (orientation or directionality), independent components look similar to bar cells whereas textures with high regularity and lower anisotropy have independent components acting like grating cells. Thus, we will expect different bar or grating cell like independent components to respond to defective and defect-free regions. With this motivation, statistical analysis of the structure of the texture by means of independent components and then extraction of the disturbance in the structure can be a promising approach to understand perception of local disorder of texture in human vision system. In this paper, we will show how to detect regions of structural defects in raw textile data that have certain regularity and local orientation characteristics with the application of independent component analysis (ICA), and we will present results on real textile images with detailed discussions.     

TSL—A Texture Synthesis Language

TheTexture Synthesis Language (TSL) is a new high-level graphics language which provides tools for defining and generating regular and random (irregular) synthetic textures. The textures are used to fill in planar regions or can be mapped onto other surfaces. The building block for generating textures is a texture tile, i.e., a rectangular matrix oftexels (texture elements). The programmer constructs texture tiles utilizing predefined constant tiles, user-defined tiles, and texel-based operations. Tiles can be transformed and combined in various ways, and can then be used to tessellate planar polygons.This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under grant DCR-86-03603