缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料失效强度的理论预测与试验验证

基于经典层板理论和细观力学桥联模型, 提出了缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料失效强度的理论预测方法, 并进行了失效强度的相关试验验证。其中, 将缝纫复合材料面板看作单层组成的准层状结构, 采用经典层板理论进行逐层失效分析, 并同时考虑了局部皱曲的面板失效模式; 而对缝纫泡沫夹芯, 引入桥联模型计算其各组分材料中的应力, 并通过对各组分材料选取适当失效准则来建立失效判据; 对于缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料采取逐级加载方式, 当面板或者夹芯失效时, 则认为其发生整体失效, 由此可以确定其在不同载荷形式下的失效强度。此外, 通过试验得到了缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料板试件在平压、 侧压、 横向剪切及三点弯曲载荷形式下的失效模式及其失效强度, 并利用本文方法对缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料的失效强度进行了理论预测, 所得结果与试验吻合, 证明了本文方法的有效性。      

缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料细观纤维柱破坏行为

缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料中的纤维柱在拔出过程中的破坏行为复杂导致结构承载性能难以预测。采用真空辅助树脂注射(VARI)工艺制备了缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料,并使用层间拉伸试验(ITT)研究了缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料中含有单根缝线纤维柱细观试件的破坏过程。讨论了不同破坏现象对缝线纤维柱拔出摩擦过程的影响,并分析了缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料的破坏模式。分析了缝线粗细的变化对试件破坏过程中关键的力、位移等参数及能量吸收性能的影响。研究了由于成型工艺所导致的缺胶现象对缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料的能量吸收性能、关键位移参数及最大载荷都随着缝线变粗而增大。但是缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料的破坏模式对其也有一定的影响,导致了变化趋势的波动;缺胶缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料由于缺陷的存在,最大破坏载荷和能量吸收性能均有所下降。     

缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料板的稳定性分析

整体屈曲是缝纫复合材料夹芯板的一种重要失效模式。考虑到缝纫夹芯复合材料板一般较厚且面板与芯层厚度相差较大, 缝纫工艺对夹芯板刚度影响较大的特点, 基于高阶剪切理论, 编制了缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料板稳定性分析的有限元程序。利用该程序对多个算例进行了计算, 所得临界屈曲应力与文献及试验结果吻合很好。同时, 讨论了不同边界条件下缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料板稳定性随缝纫参数(包括针距、 行距和缝纫针半径)以及结构参数(包括面板铺层角、 芯层厚度和缝纫夹芯板边长)的变化规律。      

缝合泡沫夹芯复合材料低速冲击的多尺度数值方法

为了发展缝合泡沫夹芯复合材料低速冲击损伤的多尺度分析方法, 建立了缝合泡沫简化力学模型, 将缝合泡沫等效为缝线树脂柱增强的正交各向异性芯材, 其材料参数由各组分性能及所占体积分数根据均一化理论计算得出; 同时, 建立冲击试验有限元模型, 通过界面元模拟面板与芯材之间的层间分层。采用GENOA渐进损伤分析模块对缝合结构冲击动态响应过程进行数值模拟, 并将计算结果与试验记录进行对比分析。结果表明: 缝合可以减小面板破坏面积, 抑制面板与泡沫分层的扩展; 但缝纫会对结构造成初始损伤, 较高的缝合密度使芯材刚度增加, 不利于泡沫结构的缓冲吸能。数值模拟结果与试验记录吻合良好, 验证了多尺度分析方法的正确性。     

缝合对泡沫夹芯复合材料低速冲击性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

为了研究缝合对泡沫夹芯复合材料抗低速冲击的影响,以未缝合、全厚度缝合和冲击面纤维面板三类缝合碳纤维泡沫夹芯复合材料板为研究对象,采用落锤冲击试验机对泡沫夹芯复合材料板进行10J能量的冲击试验。然后使用水浸超声波扫描成像系统对冲击后的复合材料板进行损伤检测,得出泡沫夹芯复合材料板内部不同深度层的损伤情况。采用ABAQUS有限元软件对上述三类泡沫夹芯复合材料板进行有限元模拟,得出了低速冲击响应过程及面板的损伤情况,并进行了实验与数值模拟结果对比分析。研究结果表明,缝合会使得各铺层的损伤趋向均匀化,能够大幅提高层合板的整体性使各铺层之间的衔接更加紧密。在较小冲击能量下,全厚度缝合与冲击面纤维面板缝合都能够抑制分层的破坏,并且抑制分层的效果相差不大,且靠近冲击面的层与层之间更加容易产生分层的破坏。     

Z向增强泡沫夹芯阻燃复合材料力学性能

研制了一种Z向玻璃纤维增强酚醛泡沫的高阻燃性复合材料, 并试验分析了承力柱高度、 分布密度、 排布方式及缝编纱细度、 缝合面板层数等结构参数对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明: 与普通泡沫夹芯复合材料相比, Z向增强泡沫夹芯复合材料的力学性能得到了大幅度提升; 在承力柱分布密度相同的条件下, Z向增强泡沫夹芯复合材料的力学性能基本不随承力柱排布方式而变化; 承力柱高度、 分布密度及缝编纱细度、 缝合面板层数等结构参数对Z向增强泡沫夹芯复合材料的力学性能有重要影响。     

泡沫夹芯复合材料水声性能预测研究

针对泡沫夹芯复合材料声学测试的实际情况,建立了耦合声学有限元法的计算模型,针对计算模型进行了算例验证。结果表明,模型的预测值与试验值趋势吻合较好,计算方法是有效且可行的,可以用于预测泡沫夹芯复合材料的声学性能。同时,研究了与面板和芯材有关的四个参数对夹芯复合材料声学性能的影响规律。     

复合芯材夹芯结构成型工艺研究

为了改善复合材料夹芯结构中芯材与面板界面结合强度,研制了一种新型夹芯结构,即复合材料柱/泡沫塑料复合芯材夹芯结构.该结构中用过渡层取代胶结层,使芯材和面板为一体,芯材由泡沫塑料和柱结构组成,其中柱结构是与面板同材质的纤维增强复合材料.通过该夹芯结构的芯材结构设计、加工工具的设计、加工工艺设计,使增强材料在法向上植入芯材中,并与上下面板的增强材料连通.由于在同一个工艺过程中固化成型,构成一个整体,没有界面,从根本上改善了面板与芯材之间粘接性能薄弱问题.试验结果表明,该结构具有较高的抗层间剪切、抗平压、抗剥离及抗疲劳性能.     

Kevlar纤维缝纫泡沫芯材复合材料力学性能研究

基于热压罐成型工艺,制备了kevlar纤维缝纫泡沫芯材复合材料夹层板,并通过扫描电镜观察了胶膜中的树脂在kevlar纤维束之间的浸润状态,为工程化应用提供参考.选取未缝纫泡沫夹芯复合材料和碳纤维预浸料缝线缝纫泡沫芯材复合材料夹层板为对比试样,实验研究了kevlar纤维缝纫泡沫芯材复合材料夹层板的平压、剪切和侧压力学性能,并考察了缝纫针距、行距的变化对其力学性能和破坏模式的影响.研究表明:在真空压力下,胶膜中的树脂与kevlar纤维浸润良好;对泡沫芯材进行kevlar纤维缝纫增强后,其力学性能显著提高,并改变了夹层板的破坏机理.实验范围内,随着缝纫密度的提高,平压强度和模量增大;夹层板剪切性能和侧压性能受缝纫密度的影响较大,在缝纫参数(缝纫行距×针距)为10 mm×10 mm时,增强效果较佳,其剪切强度和侧压强度分别提高了44%和21%,剪切模量和侧压模量分别提高了34%和127%.     

结构参数对树脂基纤维编织复合材料折叠夹芯结构力学性能的影响

折叠夹芯结构是一种新型的复合材料夹芯结构,其结构参数对力学性能有重要的影响。文中以碳纤维和Kevlar平纹编织预浸料为芯材原料,采用热压工艺,制备了复合材料折叠夹芯结构试样。通过压缩试验得到不同条件下折叠夹芯结构在静态压缩载荷作用下的力-位移变化曲线。构建了复合材料折叠夹芯结构有限元模型,对不同结构参数复合材料折叠夹芯的力学性能进行了数值模拟分析,并将模拟结果与实验结果进行对比验证了模型的可靠性。实验及数值模拟的分析结果表明,随着芯材厚度的增加,折叠夹芯层的压缩强度呈线性增加,其破坏形式由假塑性变形逐渐向脆性破坏转化;面板对夹芯层的约束作用能够极大地提高压缩模量和强度,而且上下面板对压缩性能曲线有着不同的影响;折叠夹芯单元的高度、长度、折叠夹角等参数对其力学性能具有不同程度的影响。     

缝合参数对泡沫夹层结构复合材料力学性能的影响

采用真空辅助树脂注射(VARI)成型工艺制备不同缝合方式和缝合密度的缝合泡沫夹层复合材料, 研究缝合参数对平面拉伸、三点弯曲、芯子剪切以及滚筒剥离性能的影响。结果表明: 缝合使泡沫夹层复合材料的平面拉伸强度和芯子剪切强度明显降低, 可以改善弯曲性能并大幅提高滚筒剥离性能, 改进锁式缝合方式优于临缝式缝合方式; 适当地增加缝合行距对力学性能有一定的积极作用, 但不利于滚筒剥离性能的提高; 与未缝合泡沫夹层复合材料相比, 当缝合密度为30 mm×10 mm时, 改进锁式缝合泡沫夹层复合材料的平拉强度和芯子剪切强度分别降低了14.75%和24.79%, 弯曲强度和平均剥离强度分别提高了7.96%和80.78%。     

Development of Through-Thickness Reinforcement in Advanced Composites Incorporating Rigid Cellular Foams

This paper presents a method of joining carbon-fibre plies and rigid cellular foam core with stitching for producing light-weight composite structures. After resin infusion and consolidation, the stitched sandwich panel exhibits superior damage tolerance as well as improved transverse properties due to the presence of through-thickness fibre reinforcement. First part of the paper deals with the conceptual development of a multi-needle stitching machine for rigid foams. A needle penetration model for computing the penetration forces has been reported—there is a good agreement between the experimental and theoretical penetration force-displacement curves. A number of sandwich panels with orthogonal and bias stitch orientations have been developed and examined for stitch quality with the aid of X-ray tomography. The paper also presents results from quasi-static indentation, three-point bending and transverse compression tests, on both the stitched and unstitched sandwich panels.     

Theoretical and experimental study of foam-filled lattice composite panels under quasi-static compression loading

In this paper, a simple and innovative foam-filled lattice composite panel is proposed to upgrade the peak load and energy absorption capacity. Unlike other foam core sandwich panels, this kind of panels is manufactured through vacuum assisted resin infusion process rather than adhesive bonding. An experimental study was conducted to validate the effectiveness of this panel for increasing the peak strength. The effects of lattice web thickness, lattice web spacing and foam density on initial stiffness, deformability and energy absorbing capacity were also investigated. Test results show that compared to the foam-core composite panels, a maximum of an approximately 1600% increase in the peak strength can be achieved due to the use of lattice webs. Meanwhile, the energy absorption can be enhanced by increasing lattice web thickness and foam density. Furthermore, by using lattice webs, the specimens had higher initial stiffness. A theoretical model was also developed to predict the ultimate peak strength of panels.     

Enhanced mechanical performance of foam core sandwich composites with through the thickness reinforced core

The purpose of this study is to improve the mechanical performance of the foam core sandwich composites with a rather simpler method of core reinforcement. With this aim; sandwich composite panels are manufactured using only-perforated foam and perforated-stitched foam as the core with multi-axial glass fabrics as the facesheet materials by vacuum infusion method using epoxy resin. Sandwich composites with perforated core, stitched core and plain core have been compared in terms of compressive, bending, shear and impact performances. It was seen that newly proposed perforated core specimens and stitched core specimens with relatively insignificant weight increase have superior mechanical performances than plain core specimens. Thus reinforcing foam core with perforation and stitching is proposed as simpler but very effective method in performance improvement for the sandwich composites.     

Impact study on sandwich panels with and without stitching

The low velocity impact responses of sandwich panels with and without stitching were investigated using an instrumented drop weight impact tower. A novel stitching technique was developed to stitch the sandwich panel. Unstitched and stitched sandwich panels with pile orientation of 90°, 45° and 90°/45° were fabricated using vacuum infusion process. Low velocity impact test were carried out with different energy levels of 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 J. The increase in the impact performances generated by the introduction of these reinforcements compared to a traditional sandwich (unstitched) was quantified. The results also show that the ballistic limit of the sandwich panels were improved by employing piles in different orientation.