PP/改性纳米CaCO3复合材料力学性能与断裂形态研究

制备了反应性单体改性纳米CaCO3填充PP复合材料，研究了反应性单体丙烯酸(AA)和苯乙烯(St)在有、无过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)存在下改性纳米CaCO3填充PP复合材料的力学性能，并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了复合材料弯曲断面的形态。结果表明，PP／改性纳米CaCO3的力学性能优于PP／微米CaCO3的力学性能；在DCP存在下，AA、AA与St混合改性可使PP／纳米CaCO3的拉伸性能和弯曲性能提高，减小拉伸强度随CaCO3含量增加而下降的趋势；并可有效提高纳米CaCO3在基体中的分散性和界面粘结性。     

聚丙烯/水相法改性纳米碳酸钙复合材料的结构与性能

用三官能团的有机改性剂对纳米碳酸钙进行表面改性，填充到聚丙烯中，制得PP／纳米CaCO3复合材料，同时对复合材料的力学性能、微观形态以及热性能进行研究。结果表明：PP／改性纳米CaCO3复合材料的力学性能及热性能都有较大幅度的改善。改性剂与纳米CaCO3形成化学结合，改性纳米CaCO3对PP有异相成核的作用，能诱导口晶型PP的产生，在提高复合材料强度的同时，使韧性明显提高。     

CaCO3／CPE／PP三元复合材料的性能研究

分别研究了CPE和SBS对聚丙烯性能的影响,CPE使PP的熔融指数略有下降,CPE含量为10％时,CPE／PP的冲击和拉伸强度分别比纯聚丙烯提高了108％和12％;进一步研究了微米CaCO3和纳米CaCO3对CPE／PP复合材料性能的影响,微米CaCO3使CPE／PP的拉伸强度提高,但冲击强度降低;纳米CaCO3对CPE／PP同时具有增强和增韧作用,当纳米CaCO3含量为8％时,CaCO3／CPE／PP三元复合材料的综合力学性能较好。     

纳米级CaCO3改性PP的研制

采用纳米级CaCO3改性PP，同时考察了POE(乙烯辛烯共聚物)对该改性体系力学性能的影响。结果表明采用纳米级CaCO3和POE改性PP能明显提高PP的力学性能，而且该复合材料在生产中具有实际应用价值。     

PP/针形纳米CaCO3复合材料的力学性能

用硬脂酸皂化改性针形纳米CaCO3表面后,将其与聚丙烯(PP)共混、挤出和注塑,制成PP／CaCO3纳米复合材料。与纯PP相比,填充针形纳米CaCO3的体积分数为4.21％时,PP体系的冲击强度和断裂伸长率分别提高了49％,339％,拉伸强度下降2．7％。改性后的纳米CaCO3与PP之间的界面作用与改性前相比有所减弱,冲击断面扫描电子显微镜照片显示,针形纳米CaCO3均匀地分散在PP基体中。偏光显微照片显示,针形纳米CaCO3对PP有明显的异相成核作用。     

碳酸钙填充聚丙烯熔体弹性研究

利用高压毛细管流变仪测量的第一法向应力差（N1）和挤出胀大比（B）研究了纳米CaCO3和微米CaCO3分别填充和同时填充聚丙烯（PP）体系的熔体弹性。对纳米CaCO3或微米CaCO3单独填充PP体系，N1和B随着剪切速率的增加呈非线性上升趋势；随着CaCO3含量的增加，体系的N1和B先减小后增加；在一固定的剪切速率下，纳米CaCO3填充PP的N1高于微米CaCO3填充体系的，但不同粒径的微米CaCO3填充PP体系的N1差别不大。对纳米CaCO3和微米CaCO3同时填充PP体系。当CaCO3总质量分数不高而微米CaCO3与纳米CaCO3的质量比不超过1：1时，体系的N1与纳米CaCO3单独填充PP体系相比有显著下降，但与微米CaCO3单独填充PP体系相比。下降不明显。     

反应改性纳米CaCO3／PP复合材料的力学性能研究

利用反应性单体甲基丙烯酸（MA）接枝聚丙烯（PP）后，二步法制备了反应改性纳米CaCO3／PP复合材料。研究了复合材料的力学性能，并用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察了复合材料经液氮冷却脆断后断面的形态。结果表明，甲基丙烯酸接枝聚丙烯（MAPP）加入后与CaCO3反应使MAPP与纳米CaCO3微聚体之间产生离子键作用，使纳米／PP复合材料的力学性能得到大幅提升，对冲击性能的改善尤为明显。充分控制的MA反应量比单独依靠MAPP增容能够更为有效地提高纳米CaCO3的分散性和界面黏结性。     

塑料的成型工艺性能研究

研究了EPDM、纳米CaCO3的加入对聚丙烯的成性工艺性能的影响,进一步研究了对产品力学性能的影响。结果表明:加入20%的EPDM后,改性PP的成型工艺性能显著下降,但产品力学性能(冲击强度、拉伸强度以及断裂伸长率)提高很大。纳米CaC03用量为9～11份时,改性PP综合力学性能较好,但成型工艺性能较差;加入2.5%纳米CaCO3后,改性PP的成型工艺性能最好,且对复合材料的力学性能的下降影响很小。     

不同形态纳米级CaCO3改性PP研究

研究了不同形态纳米级CaCO3改性PP复合材料的力学性能及其对PP球晶形态的影响。结果表明，纳米级CaCO3形态不同，复合材料力学性能不一样，立方形纳米级CaCO3有利于改善复合材料的冲击性能，而纤维状纳米级CaCO3则能明显改善材料的拉伸性能。纳米级CaCO3能使PP球晶明显的细化．并能促进β晶型的生成。     

改性纳米CaCO3/PP动态力学性能的研究

熔融制备了反应性单体改性纳米CaCO3/PP复合材料,用DMA研究了反应性单体对纳米CaCO3/PP复合材料动态力学性能的影响.结果表明纳米CaCO3的加入提高了PP的储存模量E′和损耗模量E″,降低了E″的峰温和β转变温度.丙烯酸AA改性有降低复合材料的E′和E″的作用,但不明显影响转变温度.苯乙烯St或与AA混合改性明显提高复合材料的E′和E″,也明显地降低E″的峰温.不管是否对反应性单体改性,纳米CaCO3加入均使PP的β转变温度移向低温.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.