糖尿病合并冠心病患者冠状动脉病变特点研究

目的了解糖尿病合并冠心病患者的临床表现症状,探讨糖尿病合并冠心病患者冠状动脉病变的特点。方法将60例冠心病患者分为2组,观察组30例,全部合并2型糖尿病,对照组30例,没有合并糖尿病,然后比较2组患者的临床特点。结果 2组患者的体重指数、高血压病史、吸烟年限、血脂差异、冠状动脉病变狭窄的程度和受累血管的数目及部位均无显著统计差异,P>0.05;但观察组患者的病变数目及末梢病变的数目较对照组患者显著增多,P<0.05。结论经过回归分析发现,导致冠状动脉狭窄程度的原因有低密度脂蛋白,年龄及吸烟年限。病变数目及末梢病变的数目与糖尿病呈正相关关系。     

亚临床甲状腺功能减退症与冠心病的相关性研究

目的 探讨亚临床甲状腺功能减退症与冠心病(CHD)严重程度的相关性.方法 242例患者根据冠状动脉造影的结果 分为正常对照组72例,单支病变组60倒,多支病变组110例,检测超敏促甲状腺素(s-TSH)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3),游离甲状腺素(FT4)、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、脂蛋白(a)、高敏C反应蛋白,凝血因子I、计算体质指数.结果 多支病变组的亚临床甲状腺功能减退症发病率明显高于正常对照组与单支病变组(均P＜0.05),亚临床甲状腺功能减退症与CHD多支病变具有相关性(OH=2.250,P＜0.05).结论 亚临床甲状腺功能减退症是CHD多支病变的危险因素之一.     

老年冠心病患者踝臂血压指数与冠脉病变相关性研究

目的探讨老年冠心病患者踝臂血压指数与冠脉病变相关性研究。方法造影剂均选用威视派克,按照几支冠状动脉血管存在≥50%的狭窄,分为一支、二支和三支病变,比较冠心病患者的各项指标。结果 2组患者ABI有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论 ABI和冠状动脉病变严重程度呈负相关,是预测冠状动脉硬化程度的一种简单可靠的指标。     

老年高血压动态脉压、昼夜节律变化与颈动脉斑块的关系

目的探讨老年高血压病患者脉压、血压昼夜节律对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响。方法将120例老年原发性高血压病患者按照脉压的不同,分为3组:PP1组(脉压<51mmHg),PP2组(脉压51～65mmHg),PP3组(脉压>65mmHg);按照24h动态血压检测结果分为两组:夜间血压下降率<10%即昼夜节律消失,为非杓形组,共60例;夜间血压下降率≥10%即昼夜节律存在,为杓形组,测量颈动脉粥样硬化斑块程度。结果随着脉压增高,颈动脉粥样硬化斑块程度越严重,PP3>PP2>PP1(P<0.05);非杓形组夜间收缩压及舒张压明显高于杓形组,非杓形组的颈动脉粥样硬化斑块程度分级明显高于杓形组(P<0.05)。结论脉压增大及昼夜节律异常是颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的危险因素。     

颈动脉超声和运动平板试验与冠状动脉造影的相关性

目的探讨颈动脉超声、运动平板试验与冠状动脉造影(CAG)的相关性。方法研究对象经CAG分为冠心病组和非冠心病组,超声观察颈动脉IMT及运动平板试验结果,与CAG结果对照。结果非冠心病组、冠心病不同分支病变组患者颈动脉IMT和冠状动脉记分随CAG严重程度的增加显著增加(P<0.05或<0.01),颈动脉IMT对冠心病诊断有较高的敏感性、特异性和Kappa值;运动平板试验结果对冠心病诊断有较高的敏感性、特异性和Kappa值。结论颈动脉超声和运动平板试验是冠心病诊断的一项重要的辅助检查手段。     

高血糖并发冠心病的危险因素分析

目的 探讨空腹血糖、餐后血糖升高及糖尿病与冠心病发生的相关性.方法观察空腹血糖受损(IFG)、糖尿病(DM)及血糖正常3组患者的冠心病发生率,以及血脂(包括CH、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C)、血压(包括SBP、DBP)及体重指数(BMI)等指标变化,并分析血糖与这些冠心病危险因素之间的关系.结果DM组冠心病的发生率明显高于另外两组(p＜0.01),冠心病危险因素的指标也明显高于另外两组(p＜0.01).结论高血糖,尤其是餐后的高血糖,与冠心病密切相关,尽早予以干预,对预防冠心病的发生具有重要的意义.     

变异型心绞痛冠状动脉造影特点分析

目的探讨变异型心绞痛(VA)与冠状动脉病变的关系。方法观察72例VA病人,均采用标准18导联体表心电图检查或进行24小时动态心电图检测,并行冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查,对冠状动脉有无病变及病变特点做以分析。结果1、72例VA病人中,CAG检查无异常者26例(36.11%),其中心电图评价痉挛部位发生在右冠状动脉(RCA)者20例(76.92%),发生率最高P<0.05。CAG检查存在固定狭窄者46例(63.89%)其中心电图评价痉挛部位发生在左冠状动脉前降支(LAD)25例(54.35%),发生率最高P<0.05。2、在CAG检查存在固定狭窄者中狭窄程度>70%且发生于LAD者12例(48.00%)RCA者6例(50.00%),左冠状动脉回旋支(LCX)者5例(55.56%),并分别与同组比较发生率最高P<0.05。其中固定狭窄>70%者3支血管比较LAD发生率最高(52.17%)P<0.01。结论1、变异型心绞痛可发生于有狭窄的冠状动脉或正常冠状动脉中,前者多见。2、血管痉挛部位多为LAD及RCA。在冠状动脉无明显病变的VA中,RCA痉挛发生率高于LAD。在存在冠状动脉固定狭窄的VA中,LAD痉挛发生率最高。3、冠状动脉痉挛的发生率与冠状动脉狭窄的程度相关。     

Study on Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Hand - foot - mouth Disease in Haizhu District of Guangzhou City

目的 总结儿童手足口病(HFMD)临床表现和诊治体会,探讨其危险因素及对疗效影响.方法 对HFMD患儿资料作回顾性总结分析及流行病学分析.结果 普通病例组平均住院日与重症病例组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);普通病例组与对照组之间,WBC比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).LYM%和GRAN%的比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),重症病例组与普通病例组之间LYM9和GRAN%的比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).急性期与恢复期患者LYM%、GRAN%、Mono%LYM%、GRAN%、Mono%比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 患者就诊时间越及时可以降低发展成为危重病人的风险.在临床应用中可加强对GRAN%这个易于检测的指标的认识,对病情进行病情观察、动态评估和预后判断,并以此作为手足口病患者短期内发展为危重病例的重要参考指标.     

青年缺血性脑卒中相关危险因素的对比分析

目的 探讨青年缺血性脑卒中的危险因素.方法 对48例青年缺血性脑卒中患者及50例中老年缺血性脑卒中患者的血压、血脂、血糖水平等资料进行时比分析.结果 青年组48 例中有明确病因者39 例,其中合并高脂血症(52.1%).吸烟(50.0%).高血压(47.9%)最多,且合并糖尿病的比例显著低于老年组,吸烟.酗酒.冠心病,炎症性血管病及未发现明确危险因素的比例高于老年组(p＜0.05).青年组的HDL,-C和LDL-c 水平高于老年组(p＜0.05).结论 青年缺血性脑卒中的主要危险因素是高脂血症.吸烟.高血压.     

2型糖尿病肾病血液透析患者心理状况探讨

目的 探讨2型糖尿病肾病血液透析患者的心理状况及相关因素,为患者心理康复提供依据.方法 糖尿病肾病患者30例,以及随机选取非糖尿病肾病患者30例.使用焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评表分别评估患者的情绪状况,并测定患者的营养状况、残余肾功能和透析的充分性等指标.结果 糖尿病肾病血透组患者焦虑和抑郁检出率均高于非糖尿病肾病组(P＜0.05);搪尿病肾病营齐不良患者焦虑和抑郁评分均高于营养良好者(P＜0.01).血清白蛋白、标准化氮出现率相当蛋白,平均每日每公斤体质量的蛋白质摄入量、尿素清除指数和肌酐清除率等指标与糖尿病肾病血透组患者焦虑评分(P＜0.05)及抑郁评分(P＜0.05)呈明显负相关.而平均每日每公斤体质量的热量与焦虑评分、抑郁评分无明显相关性(P＞0.05).结论 糖尿病肾病血透患者焦虑和抑郁症状的检出率较高,可能与营养不良有一定的关系,焦虑、抑郁的发生与性别、应激因素及病程有关.     

High pressure non-isothermal processing,of linear polyethylenes

Articles with increased rigidity can be obtained by compression molding at high pressures as shown by experiments with five types of linear polyethylene. The materials, with weight average molecular weight ranging up to 1,000,000 were molded at pressures as high as 80,000 psi. The material temperature was 149–204°C, and the tooling was at 38°C. The duration of load was typically 3 mins, and the thickness of the molded disks was 12.7 mm. The results show that at high molding pressure the tensile modulus of the material is nearly twice that of materials molded conventionally at low pressures. This increase in modulus occurs for all the materials studied and even for a duration of load of only one min. The causes for this large increase in modulus were investigated with the help of density and melting point measurements and optical and electron microscopy. It was observed that the spherulites showed a distinctive and systematic change with the forming pressure. A hypothesis is proposed to explain the high modulus phenomenon on the basis of the kinetics of spherulite formation.     

压力管道的分析、评定和检测

本文综述了压力管道研究领域中的三个主要方面:管道的应力分析、缺陷评定以及管道检测的发展和现状,并简述了三者之间的关系。     

蒸发器的设计、安装及试压

双效蒸发系统在安装过程中,由于设备庞大超重,无法进行水压试验,因此本设计通过工艺参数调整,将压力容器操作改为常压容器操作,进行了气密性试验．验证了设备的安全可靠性。     

Flow,pressure distributions,and internal forces in stacked-disc filters

A mathematical model is described for isothermal flow of Newtonian liquids through stacked-disc filters. Dimension-less flow rates, velocities through filter media, pressure distributions, and internal forces are shown as functions of resistance ratios and reduced dimensions. The distribution of velocities through the media is a strong function of the ratios of the resistances to flow through the gaps between discs and through the spaces inside the discs to the resistance to flow through the filter media. Internal forces compress the discs and can, in exceptional cases, impair the media and open up leakage passages.     

Phase transition of hafnon,HfSiO4, at high pressure

The high-pressure behavior of hafnon has been systematically investigated by combining in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction, Raman, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) techniques, and theoretical simulations. Hafnon starts phase transition at 26.6 GPa and completes the transition to an irreversible scheelite phase ($I{4}_1/a$, Z = 4, a₀ = 4.712 Å, and c₀ = 10.378 Å) at ∼45 GPa. The HRTEM observation of an interface between hafnon and scheelite phases allows atomic scale understanding of the transition process with a relationship of (200)_h‖(112)_s, ${(00\overline{2})}_{\mathrm{h}}\parallel {(\overline{1}10)}_{\mathrm{s}}$//, and ${[010]}_{\mathrm{h}}\parallel {[\overline{1}\overline{1}1]}_{\mathrm{s}}$. Hafnon shows a significantly lower transition pressure (∼12.6 GPa), as calculated from the relative enthalpies, than the measured pressure (∼26 GPa), indicating a kinetically hindered process involved in the transition. A high pressure low symmetry phase in hafnon ($I{\overline{4}}_{2}d$) is identified by the simultaneous appearance of two Raman modes (∼75 and 450 cm⁻¹) at 26.6 GPa and their subsequent simultaneous disappearance at 36.7 GPa. These results are important to understanding the mechanism of the zircon-scheelite transition for both zircon and hafnon.     

Correlation of vapour pressure,temperature, and latent heat of vaporisation

The vapour pressures of six liquids have been measured in the approximate range 0.05 to 200 torr and correlated with that of benzene by a method published in an earlier paper. The relationship so obtained which is linear for non-associated substances and is valid from critical conditions to a vapour pressure at least as low as 0.1 torr presents a reliable method of extrapolation of vapour pressure data. It may also be used (at vapour pressures below ? 100 torr) to evaluate the entropy and latent heat of vaporisation of a liquid from even scant vapour pressure data.     

Use of a simple,inexpensive pressure sensor to measure hydrostatic resin pressure during processing of composite laminates

A simple and cheap method of measuring the resin pressure within a composite laminate during processing is presented. The method consists of using a small diameter, long needle filled with inert fluid and connected to an external pressure sensor, to measure the resin pressure at a point inside a composite laminate. This method can be used to investigate resin flow, laminate compaction, the control of voids, and in several composite material processing methods such as autoclave processing, hot press curing and resin transfer molding. The sensors are suitable for research and development or troubleshooting, but not for production. Sensor assemblies were developed and tested to show that their response is reproducible, linear and stable with temperature and time. Resin pressure profiles for two AS4/3501-6 laminates were generated and compared. The experimental results were also compared to the resin flow simulation of a general processing model for composites, COMPRO. It is shown that the resin profile in the laminate is influenced by the presence of the bleeder cloth and the vacuum bag pressure. A significant pressure drop corresponded to the point of minimum viscosity of the resin. Finally, the resin pressure was stabilized when the resin reached gelation.     

Deformation,yield and fracture of polymers at high pressure

The effects of hydrostatic pressure on the shear, compressive, and tensile stress-strain behavior of both amorphous and crystalline polymers are reviewed and illustrated. For polymers with T_g near to but below ambient temperature, there is a steep increase of modulus with pressure and, above some critical pressure, there is a lower rate of increase. The critical pressure is a linear function of the test temperature and, from its slope, one can deduce the pressure coefficient of T_g. For many other polymers, there is a linear increase, over a wide pressure range, of elastic and shear moduli with pressure, and this is in accord, to a first approximation, with predictions of finite strain theory. Most all polymers investigated show a strong pressure coefficient of yield stress and in many cases this variation is linear over a wide pressure range, in accord with several pressure dependent yield criteria. To a considerable extent, the yield stress rise with pressure parallels that of the modulus, and this behavior is predicted by some yield theories. The effects of pressure on fracture stress and fracture strain are discussed. The results obtained depend on the polymer composition and structure and on the pressure medium. Consideration is also given to the effects of pressure on crazing and stress-whitening.     

涂料企业复苏可期但压力犹存

金融危机爆发已逾一年,中国涂料行业发生了哪些变化?涂料企业经历了哪些波折?如今发展状况如何?这些都是我们所关注的。上期,约业内人士对危机下涂料业的变化进行了探讨;本期,特约中国涂料工业协会专家委员会特聘营销专家廖德舞先生对涂料行业内资企业和外资企业的不同表现做一分析,并在后危机时代经济逐渐复苏的大环境下涂料企业如何能一路高歌提出了建议。