旋转填充床内微观混合的数值模拟

旋转填充床作为新型的高效反应传质设备,广泛应用于快速反应过程,如制备纳米粉体材料.对旋转填充床内微观混合进行研究,有助于进一步认识旋转填充床内高度分散液体微元在填料丝网中的流动行为和分散混合机制,为旋转填充床内液液反应混合制备纳米材料提供理论基础.基于公开文献报道的实验观测结果,通过合理假设,建立了旋转填充床内微元流动的物理模型.在该物理模型的基础上,结合此前提出的湍流混合与反应模型,模拟计算了液体微元经过实验条件下50层丝网填料最终流出填料空间的浓度分布.由浓度分布得到的微观混合特征指数与实验值进行了对比,吻合良好.     

旋转填充床基础研究及工业应用进展

超重力技术突破了地球重力场的限制,是强化传递和混合过程的一项突破性新技术,其核心装置是旋转填充床。回顾前人几十年的不懈努力,旋转填充床已经在基础研究和工业应用中取得了长足的进展。本文主要介绍了旋转填充床的基础研究最新成果及工业应用案例。阐述了旋转填充床填料的种类和特点以及旋转填充床内部流体流动、传质与微观混合的研究进展,研究了不同填料的优缺点及适用环境,指出了各种可视化技术手段的优势及局限性,并提出了进一步强化旋转填充床的传质和微观混合性能的新思路。应用研究综述了近些年来旋转填充床的工业应用案例,包括高端化学品制造、海洋天然气净化、纳米材料制备、环保等领域,并展望了旋转填充床的工业应用前景。     

旋转床-水热耦合法制备改性氢氧化铝的研究

利用旋转填充床碳分-水热耦合法制备改性氢氧化铝。考察了碳分过程中的沉淀pH值、温度以及水热处理条件等对产物失重、粒径及收率的影响。结果表明，旋转填充床在不同条件下碳分可得拟薄水铝石、γ-A1OOH和拜尔石等多种氧化铝水合物，均可作为先驱物，在温度130℃以上，改性剂与先驱物摩尔配比高于0．7时，制备出失重温度为360℃，失重率在52％左右，平均粒径在120nm左右超细的改性氢氧化铝，可用作热塑性塑料的阻燃剂。     

超重力技术制备有序介孔氧化铝

从微观混合角度探讨有序介孔氧化铝制备过程,以硝酸铝为铝源,碳酸铵为沉淀剂,PEG 1540为模板剂,采用沉淀法在旋转填充床中制备有序介孔氧化铝。考察了旋转床转速、初始混合方式、反应温度、加料速度等因素对介孔结构的影响。研究结果表明采用超重力技术可以合成比表面积高、孔径分布窄、具有蠕虫状孔道、有序性较好的介孔氧化铝,进一步分析结果表明超重力技术在介孔氧化铝的合成过程中对孔结构有很好的控制作用。     

旋转填充床反应器流体流动可视化研究进展

旋转填充床反应器是一种典型过程强化装置,对化工过程中的传质与混合过程具有较好的强化作用。流体流动作为旋转填充床反应器中最为基础的性质,对研究、优化旋转填充床反应器的结构和性能至关重要。光学成像技术与数值模拟作为研究旋转填充床反应器中流体力学性质的重要手段在近年来得到了飞速发展。对近三十年来,旋转填充床反应器可视化研究进行了综述,从早期光学成像开始,在此基础上引入早期计算流体力学模拟,直至现在高速数码摄像可视化和基于真实结构的模拟。对旋转填充床的可视化观测从填料表面逐渐向填料内部发展,对其数值模拟从初步的数学模型发展到包含详细填料几何结构、详细流体特性的流动模拟。现有研究已对填料区、空腔区中的流体流动有了较为详细的描述。     

旋转填充床反应器流体流动可视化研究进展

旋转填充床反应器是一种典型过程强化装置,对化工过程中的传质与混合过程具有较好的强化作用。流体流动作为旋转填充床反应器中最为基础的性质,对研究、优化旋转填充床反应器的结构和性能至关重要。光学成像技术与数值模拟作为研究旋转填充床反应器中流体力学性质的重要手段在近年来得到了飞速发展。对近三十年来,旋转填充床反应器可视化研究进行了综述,从早期光学成像开始,在此基础上引入早期计算流体力学模拟,直至现在高速数码摄像可视化和基于真实结构的模拟。对旋转填充床的可视化观测从填料表面逐渐向填料内部发展,对其数值模拟从初步的数学模型发展到包含详细填料几何结构、详细流体特性的流动模拟。现有研究已对填料区、空腔区中的流体流动有了较为详细的描述。     

新型分段进液式旋转填充床气相压降特性研究

作为一种新型过程强化设备,分段进液式旋转填充床充分利用端效应原理对液相进行有效分散和细化,进而强化混合及传递过程。今采用空气-水体系对新型分段进液式旋转填充床气相压降特性进行实验研究。考察转子转速、气体流量、液体流量对分段进液式旋转填充床气相压降的影响规律。实验研究结果表明,分段进液式旋转填充床气相压降随转子转速、气体流量的增大而增大。在低气体流量情况下,随液体流量的增大,气相压降变化不大;在高气体流量下,气相压降随着液体流量的增大而增大。同时,本研究还对转子尺寸大小与分段进液式旋转填充床相同的传统旋转填充床的压降进行了对比研究,结果表明在相同操作条件下分段进液式旋转填充床的压降与传统旋转填充床相比有明显下降。     

网板填料复合旋转床的传质性能

网板填料复合旋转床(RCB)是一种有别于填料床和折流床的新型旋转床,具有传质效率高和压降小的特点。以乙醇-水溶液为物系,在常压、全回流操作条件下,对同心环网板、同心环网板间径向填充鲍尔环、轴向填充鲍尔环、周向填充鲍尔环的这四种转子进行精馏实验。结果表明:网板填料复合旋转床的等板高度随气相表观动能因子和转速的增大出现最小值,在转速800 r min 1,气相表观动能因子1.3 kg0.5 m 0.5 s 1时,其值为28 mm。鲍尔环的填充有利气液传质,其不同填充方式的气相总体积传质系数由大到小的顺序为:周向填充、轴向填充、径向填充、无填充。     

旋转填充床除尘技术的研究

采用新型传质分离设备——旋转填充床研究其对发电厂燃煤飞灰的除尘性能。作为一种湿式除尘器，在气量200m^3/h，液量0．5～2．0m^3/h，转速900～l500r／min的条件下，旋转填充床显示出良好的颗粒捕集性能，总效率达99％以上，切割粒径范围在0．02～0．3μm，设备的气体压降较低。讨论了旋转填充床的除尘性能和压降行为，并解释了一些实验现象。     

旋转填料床气液反应制备超细氧化锌工艺研究

以氨气和硝酸锌为原料,在旋转填料床中通过气液反应制备前驱体氢氧化锌.经煅烧后可得超细氧化锌粒子,经XRD和FEM检测得到其粒径为20-80nm。重点研究旋转填料床转速、原料浓度、氨气分率、气液比等对前驱体氢氧化锌粒径的影响,选择洗涤条件及优化煅烧温度和时间.确定了旋转填料床气液反应制备超细氧化锌的最佳工艺条件。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.