钢-薄层UHPC轻型组合桥面结构疲劳性能研究

以含U型肋的钢-薄层超高性能混凝土(UHPC)轻型组合桥面结构为对象,开展了稀疏栓钉布置下的组合桥面三点弯曲疲劳试验,研究了栓钉抗剪和薄层UHPC抗弯拉、疲劳性能,并进行了剩余强度试验.疲劳试验结果表明,累计经历3200万次疲劳加载后,UHPC顶面的最大裂缝宽度仅为0.05 mm,且钢-薄层UHPC界面未见显著滑移.剩...     

一种超矮钢-UHPC轻型组合式梁桥设计

超薄梁式桥是一种适宜于梁高较低、视野较宽的桥梁类型,提出了一种超矮钢-UHPC轻型组合梁,并对比了钢箱梁、钢-混凝土组合式简支工字梁、预应力UHPC梁及钢-UHPC轻型组合式梁桥的适用性。同时对推荐方案一种超矮钢-UHPC轻型组合式梁架桥的总体布置、上部结构设计及桥台设计等进行了介绍。最后按照《超高性能轻型组合桥面结构技术规程:GDJTG\T A01—2015》相关要求,进行了计算,结果均满足要求,为该类桥梁的设计提供了一定的参考。     

超高性能混凝土在结构中的应用

超高性能混凝土(UHPC)具有超高的力学性能和超高的耐久性能,被认为过去三十年最优异的水泥基复合材料之一,能较好地适应当前土木工程结构大型化、复杂化的趋势,也能符合社会可持续发展对高性能材料发展要求。近年来,UHPC材料与结构已成为热点研究方向,相关专利与论文数量呈指数型增长,UHPC应用数量、范围与地区不断攀升,各类规范与标准也在不断地制定与修订之中。文章围绕超高性能混凝土的研究与工程运用现状,概括总结超高性能混凝土的性能特点,梳理超高性能混凝土在桥梁工程、建筑工程以及防护工程等领域的应用现状,结合笔者团队在超高性能混凝土应用方面的实践感悟,探讨超高性能混凝土规模化应用的关键环节,为超高性能混凝土材料今后进一步研发与应用提供参考。     

钢纤维混凝土铺装钢桥面施工要点与经济性分析

为探究钢纤维混凝土应用于钢桥面的施工的便捷性与经济性,以林海公路（外环立交—上南路）改建工程为例,该桥为连续钢箱梁正交异性钢桥,采用钢纤维混凝土浇筑钢桥面,探讨了钢纤维混凝土的施工工序、控制要点,并分析了经济性,结果发现在钢桥面铺装钢纤维混凝土很方便;在性能满足要求的前提下,钢纤维混凝土经济性远优于超高性能混凝土。故在选择钢桥面铺装材料时,钢纤维混凝土不失为一个好选项。     

轻型组合桥面板的疲劳性能研究

疲劳性能是钢桥面板设计的主要关注点,为研究轻型组合桥面板的疲劳性能,以广东虎门大桥为背景,建立局部有限元模型,利用热点应力法,对不同厚度超高性能混凝土(UHPC)层情形下,钢桥面典型易疲劳开裂细节,进行应力幅计算。然后,对采用45mm厚UHPC层的轻型组合桥面板进行UHPC层及栓钉应力(剪力)分析,并依据前人和二次疲劳足尺模型试验对UHPC层的抗弯拉疲劳性能进行评价。研究结果表明:轻型组合桥面板中UHPC层对于钢面板与纵肋连接细节,应力幅改善作用很大,而对其余细节,其改善程度相对较小;采用45mm厚UHPC层时,前者应力降幅高达51%~82%,后者降幅为21%~28%;面板与纵肋连接细节、纵肋对接细节及横隔板弧形切口细节的疲劳开裂风险可完全消除;UHPC层峰值拉应力为11.91MPa,两次疲劳试验表明其抗弯拉疲劳性能远超虎门大桥的要求。     

高应变强化超高性能混凝土的裂缝控制机理和研究

利用声发射无损探伤技术实时监测三种类型超高性能混凝土（Ultra High Performance Concrete, 简称UHPC）轴拉试验过程中内部损伤点的形成和演化过程,同时通过裂缝观测仪量测UHPC拉应变到达2000με时的缝宽。与低应变强化UHPC和应变软化UHPC相比,高应变强化UHPC具有高抗拉强度和“类金属”拉伸应变强化性能,在强化段区间内通过多点微裂纹均布开展的形式来平衡等量变形,表现出优异的裂缝宽度控制能力。气体渗透测试证明高应变强化UHPC抗气渗性能优异,且拉应变达到2000με后即刻卸载状态下的抗气渗性能仍要优于未受荷C50混凝土。基于高应变强化UHPC这些特性,将其应用于桥梁结构的高应力区或其他需要高抗裂性能的部位将是预应力混凝土之外的新方案,例如钢-UHPC轻型组合结构、斜拉桥的桥塔锚固区。     

钢-STC组合桥面施工工艺研究

超高韧性混凝土(STC)是为解决正交异性钢桥面结构疲劳开裂和沥青混凝土铺装层易损这两大世界性难题而针对性开发的。以STC为基体形成的钢-STC轻型组合桥面结构可大大增加钢桥面板的局部刚度,降低钢桥面板各构造细节处的活载应力,大幅度提高钢桥面板的抗疲劳寿命,同时改善了沥青面层的工作条件,大大降低了铺装层出现病害的风险。在总结大量实桥施工经验的基础上,着重研究了钢-STC组合桥面的施工工艺,如STC的拌和、摊铺、养护等,以为类似工程提供参考与借鉴。     

重度疲劳开裂钢桥桥面的UHPC加固技术

武汉军山长江大桥在服役17年后,桥面板出现了严重的疲劳开裂问题,难以修补,为此提出一种钢桥面板不修补,上铺带横向钢板条的UHPC桥面加固方案。以军山长江大桥为研究背景,应用子模型技术对比计算了钢面板重度开裂时纯钢梁和加固后钢面板的应力状态;制作了双层钢筋网+UHPC的传统轻型组合桥面结构与钢板条+UHPC及三层钢筋网+UHPC两类新型加固结构,开展了横向抗弯静力试验及疲劳试验。研究结果表明：采用UHPC加固技术后,正交异性钢桥面的疲劳应力大幅度下降,其中钢面板-U肋焊趾处的横向拉应力沿纵、横桥向的分布降幅达78.8%～86.4%;UHPC拉应力方面,由于钢面板不修补,UHPC层下缘拉应力高达12.9MPa,UHPC层下缘布置80mm宽间距200mm的钢板条后,其底面名义开裂应力可达43.2MPa,远高于设计拉应力,钢板条+UHPC的钢桥面加固方案经过应力幅22MPa的1000万次疲劳试验,UHPC层具备800万次疲劳寿命(裂缝宽度小于0.05mm),且刚度无折减,因此可作为永久结构层与重度开裂的钢桥面构成轻型组合桥面结构,经UHPC加固后,原钢桥面的疲劳裂缝有望不再发展。     

基于复合胶凝材料体系的超高性能混凝土性能研究

针对桥梁伸缩缝过渡区频繁出现的混凝土破损问题,研发了一种用于桥梁伸缩缝过渡区修复的硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐复合水泥胶凝材料体系超高性能混凝土（UHPC）,并对其性能及微观结构进行了研究;优选了硫铝酸盐水泥的掺入比例,在某公路伸缩缝修复工程中进行了实际应用。结果表明：合适掺量的硫铝酸盐水泥能够有效提高UHPC的综合性能;当硫铝酸盐水泥质量为水泥总质量的10%时,所制备的UHPC在实际修复工程中的应用效果较好,养护24 h后抗压强度已经达到40 MPa。     

天津地区钢桥面铺装应用现状调查

桥面铺装是钢桥的重要组成部分，也是钢桥建设的关键工序之一，其使用条件、配比成分、施工工艺、质量控制等环节均会影响到钢桥面的使用效果。文章调查了天津地区近年修建的各类特种结构桥梁所使用的桥面铺装情况，提出了改进钢桥面铺装性能的技术措施。     

Innovative steel-UHPC composite bridge girders for long-span bridges

Steel and steel-concrete composite girders are two types of girders commonly used for long-span bridges. However, practice has shown that the two types of girders have some drawbacks. For steel girders, the orthotropic steel deck (OSD) is vulnerable to fatigue cracking and the asphalt overlay is susceptible to damage such as rutting and pot holes. While for steel-concrete composite girders, the concrete deck is generally thick and heavy, and the deck is prone to cracking because of its low tensile strength and high creep. Thus, to improve the serviceability and durability of girders for long-span bridges, three new types of steel-UHPC lightweight composite bridge girders are proposed, where UHPC denotes ultra-high performance concrete. The first two types consist of an OSD and a thin UHPC layer while the third type consists of a steel beam and a UHPC waffle deck. Due to excellent mechanical behaviors and impressive durability of UHPC, the steel-UHPC composite girders have the advantages of light weight, high strength, low creep coefficient, low risk of cracking, and excellent durability, making them competitive alternatives for long-span bridges. To date, the proposed steel-UHPC composite girders have been applied to 14 real bridges in China. It is expected that the application of the new steel-UHPC composite girders on long-span bridges will have a promising future.     

Precast steel–UHPC lightweight composite bridge for accelerated bridge construction

In this study, a fully precast steel–ultrahigh performance concrete (UHPC) lightweight composite bridge (LWCB) was proposed based on Mapu Bridge, aiming at accelerating construction in bridge engineering. Cast-in-place joints are generally the controlling factor of segmental structures. Therefore, an innovative girder-to-girder joint that is suitable for LWCB was developed. A specimen consisting of two prefabricated steel–UHPC composite girder parts and one post-cast joint part was fabricated to determine if the joint can effectively transfer load between girders. The flexural behavior of the specimen under a negative bending moment was explored. Finite element analyses of Mapu Bridge showed that the nominal stress of critical sections could meet the required stress, indicating that the design is reasonable. The fatigue performance of the UHPC deck was assessed based on past research, and results revealed that the fatigue performance could meet the design requirements. Based on the test results, a crack width prediction method for the joint interface, a simplified calculation method for the design moment, and a deflection calculation method for the steel–UHPC composite girder in consideration of the UHPC tensile stiffness effect were presented. Good agreements were achieved between the predicted values and test results.     

含小型粗骨料UHPC板抗弯性能研究

研制新型的含小型粗骨料UHPC板,提升传统大跨径组合梁斜拉桥普通混凝土桥面板的抗弯性能。通过对含小型粗骨料UHPC进行基本材料性能研究,以及对含小型粗骨料UHPC板试件进行抗弯试验,材性试验探究含小型粗骨料UHPC材料的本构关系、弹性模量和终凝后的干燥自收缩等,发现在UHPC中添加小型粗骨料后,UHPC在抗压性能方面得到提高,减小终凝后的干燥自收缩,但会降低一定的抗弯拉强度和韧性;含小型粗骨料UHPC板试件的抗弯试验探究了试件的荷载 挠度关系与弯矩 最大裂缝宽度关系。发现UHPC板试件具有较高的开裂强度,结构破坏呈现出多裂缝发展。抗弯试验、有限元分析和承载力公式计算结果表明：含小型粗骨料UHPC板具有较好的抗弯、抗裂性能,但计算承载能力时应充分考虑添加小型粗骨料后对结构拉伸性能降低的影响。     

Field validation of UHPC layer in negative moment region of steel-concrete composite continuous girder bridge

Improving the cracking resistance of steel-normal concrete (NC) composite beams in the negative moment region is one of the main tasks in designing continuous composite beam (CCB) bridges due to the low tensile strength of the NC deck at pier supports. This study proposed an innovative structural configuration for the negative bending moment region in a steel-concrete CCB bridge with the aid of ultrahigh performance concrete (UHPC) layer. In order to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of this new UHPC jointed structure in the negative bending moment region, field load testing was conducted on a newly built full-scale bridge. The newly designed structural configuration was described in detail regarding the structural characteristics (cracking resistance, economy, durability, and constructability). In the field investigation, strains on the surface of the concrete bridge deck, rebar, and steel beam in the negative bending moment region, as well as mid-span deflection, were measured under different load cases. Also, a finite element model for the four-span superstructure of the full-scale bridge was established and validated by the field test results. The simulated results in terms of strains and mid-span deflection showed moderate consistency with the test results. This field test and the finite element model results demonstrated that the new configuration with the UHPC layer provided an effective alternative for the negative bending moment region of the composite beam.     

轻型组合桥面板球扁钢纵肋-横隔板连接细节局部应力分析

为降低正交异性钢桥面板疲劳开裂的风险,提出带球扁钢纵肋的轻型组合桥面板方案。以洞庭湖二桥轻型组合桥面板为工程背景,建立钢桁梁局部有限元模型和球扁纵肋-横隔板连接细节的子模型,并基于热点应力法,对横隔板上开孔孔型和厚度进行了参数分析。研究表明：球扁纵肋-横隔板连接处3个典型疲劳细节的疲劳性能受横隔板厚度影响显著|综合比较,苹果型开孔的疲劳性能最优。为进一步验证轻型组合桥面板的球扁钢纵肋-横隔板连接处3个细节的疲劳性能,开展了足尺模型疲劳试验,试验模型采用16mm厚带苹果型开孔的横隔板设计。疲劳试验中,控制细节（横隔板切口自由边缘）的应力幅为90.6MPa,历经250万次循环加载后,试验模型中典型疲劳细节均未出现疲劳裂纹。这表明,带球扁钢纵肋的轻型组合桥面板关键细节的疲劳性能良好,能满足洞庭湖二桥的工程要求。     

单向预应力UHPC连续箱梁桥面体系优化设计研究

为方便布置体内预应力束和进一步改善桥面板受力状态,对大跨单向预应力UHPC (Ultra-high Performance Concrete)连续箱梁桥的桥面体系进行优化设计,提出新型正交异性UHPC矮肋板桥面体系方案。以广东省某桥为工程背景,进行了基于正交异性UHPC矮肋板桥面体系方案的UHPC箱梁结构试设计并开展相关的试验研究。结果表明：①与矩形桥面板方案相比,优化的正交异性UHPC箱梁矮肋板桥面体系自重可减少17.0%,并可在矮肋板纵肋处方便地布置体内束;与华夫桥面板方案相比,可在不明显增加桥面体系自重的前提下,大幅减小桥面板的纵向应力,降幅可达46.8%;②基于正交异性UHPC矮肋板桥面体系的UHPC箱梁方案试设计整体计算满足受力要求,桥面体系计算中标准组合作用下桥面板最大纵向拉应力2.66MPa,横隔板最大横向应力6.09MPa;③试验及计算结果表明,矮肋板试件初裂名义应力8.84MPa,抗裂设计名义应力限值10.70MPa,UHPC箱梁横隔板上弦板底面横向应力达到8.43MPa时仍处于线弹性受力阶段,表明试设计方案能满足设计要求。     

钢-混凝土组合结构桥梁研究新进展

钢-混凝土组合结构桥梁近年来在我国得到了迅速的发展。在传统桥梁结构形式的基础上,发展多种新型组合结构桥梁形式,拓宽组合结构桥梁的应用领域。介绍近年来在钢-混凝土组合结构桥梁方面的最新研究进展,内容包括波形钢腹板组合梁桥、槽型钢-混凝土组合梁桥、钢-混凝土组合刚构桥、双重组合作用连续组合梁桥和大跨斜拉桥组合桥面系。通过对传统结构形式的改进和发展,可充分发挥组合结构桥梁的综合优势,研究结果表明,钢-混凝土组合结构桥梁具有广阔的推广应用前景。     

Extending the lifetime of steel truss bridges by cost-efficient strengthening interventions

Abstract

The large number of existing bridges and viaducts all around the country has become a major problem for bridge owners. In the specific case of steel truss bridges, a reasonable method to extend the lifetime of existing structures is represented by the introduction of new deck systems combined with diffused strengthening interventions. In this study, a stepwise approach considering different loading conditions is presented (historical and Eurocode loads). The structural analysis has been performed on a case study bridge with a finite element model (FEM) calibrated on load tests. It was found that the predicted deformation agreed reasonably with the experimental results. Different strengthening alternatives were analysed and discussed: the introduction of orthotropic deck; the construction of composite deck with differentiating thickness and ordinary concrete strength; the construction of composite deck with differentiating thickness and high concrete strength; in some cases, also steel-to-steel interventions on the bridge are provided. It has been found that the best structural strengthening alternative lies in the construction of a composite concrete or of an ultra high-performance concrete (UHPC) or an ultra high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) deck with a reduced thickness (compared with traditional interventions) resting on the existing steel structure combined with steel-to-steel interventions.     

闭口肋轻型组合桥面板疲劳性能研究

以洞庭湖二桥闭口肋轻型组合桥面板为对象,研究了焊接疲劳开裂细节,并引入热点应力法计算得到其应力幅值。对比分析后发现,与横梁相关的疲劳细节仍然有较高的应力幅值。针对国内外规范中典型横梁闭口肋开孔形式以及不同横梁厚度,开展有限元分析,从而进一步优化各疲劳细节的受力状态。数值分析结果表明：与传统钢桥面板相比,闭口肋轻型组合桥面板能大大降低各典型疲劳细节的应力幅值,降幅可达23.2%~86.1%|Eourcode3规范推荐的铁路桥梁孔型较优|横梁厚度的变化能大大改善横梁处相关疲劳细节的应力水平。足尺模型疲劳试验表明,洞庭湖二桥横梁圆弧过渡处疲劳细节强度满足设计要求|通过对STC层与钢顶板之间三种不同黏结方式的分析表明,界面黏结性的增强能改善轻型组合结构的受力性能。     

空间组合桁梁桥受力特点及剪力滞分析

桁架组合梁桥包括复合桁梁桥和组合桁梁桥。组合桁梁桥是指将一般钢桁梁的上、下弦和混凝土桥面板结合在一起共同受力的结构。通过对奉干公路浦南运河空间组合桁梁桥的有限元计算,分析了空间组合桁梁桥的传力特点,通过桥面板应力分布得到有效宽度,揭示了腹杆轴力与桥面板剪力滞现象之间的关系,为组合桁梁桥的设计提供参考。