分解的二维非对称Tsallis 交叉熵图像阈值选取

现有的Tsallis 交叉熵能够度量图像分割前后的差异,但公式复杂,计算效率不高,据此, 提出了基于分解的二维非对称Tsallis 交叉熵图像阈值选取方法。首先给出了非对称Tsallis 交叉熵的定 义,提出了一维非对称Tsallis 交叉熵阈值选取方法;然后,将其拓展到二维,推导出相应的阈值选取 公式;最后,在此基础上提出了二维非对称Tsallis交叉熵阈值选取的分解算法,使求解二维非对称Tsallis 交叉熵阈值法的运算转化到两个一维空间上,将计算复杂度从O(L4)降低为O(L)。大量实验结果表明, 与基于混沌粒子群优化的二维Tsallis 灰度熵法、二维斜分对称交叉熵法,二维斜分对称Tsallis 交叉熵 法等方法相比,该方法分割性能优,运行时间短,可望满足实际应用系统对分割的实时要求。     

利用混沌PSO或分解的2维Tsallis灰度熵阈值分割

现有最大Shannon熵或Tsallis熵阈值选取方法没有从类内灰度均匀性出发,而仅依据图像灰度直方图,并且Tsallis熵法的分割效果通常优于Shannon熵法。为此,提出了基于混沌粒子群优化(PSO)和基于分解的两种2维Tsallis灰度熵阈值分割方法。首先,给出了1维Tsallis灰度熵阈值选取方法并将其推广到2维,导出了相应的2维Tsallis灰度熵阈值选取公式及其递推算法;其次,利用混沌PSO算法搜寻2维Tsallis灰度熵法的最佳阈值,并采用递推方式去除迭代过程中适应度函数的冗余运算,大大提高了运行速度;最后,将2维Tsallis灰度熵阈值选取方法的运算转化为两个1维Tsallis灰度熵法的运算,计算复杂度从O(L2)进一步降低到O(L)。实验结果表明,与2维最大Shannon熵法、2维最大Tsallis熵法及2维Tsallis交叉熵法相比,所提出的两种方法可以大幅提高图像分割质量和算法运行速度。     

基于混沌布谷鸟优化的二维Tsallis交叉熵建筑物遥感图像分割

为了进一步提升建筑物遥感图像分割的准确性和运算速度,本文提出了基于混沌布谷鸟优化的二维Tsallis交叉熵的建筑物遥感图像分割方法。首先给出了二维Tsallis交叉熵的阈值选取公式,然后将Logistic混沌映射引入布谷鸟算法,进一步加快布谷鸟算法的收敛速度,最后通过该混沌布谷鸟算法优化基于二维Tsallis交叉熵的阈值寻找过程,并以得到的最优阈值分割建筑物遥感图像。大量实验结果表明,与二维倒数交叉熵法、二维Tsallis熵法、基于混沌粒子群优化的二维Tsallis灰度熵法等方法相比较,本文方法分割的目标更为准确,细节更为清晰,且运算时间更短。     

基于二维Tsallis交叉熵直线型图像阈值分割方法

Tsallis熵具有非广延性,其用于图像分割取得了比Shannon熵好的分割效果.但传统Tsallis熵分割主要基于点的分割,其不足处在于忽略边界区域的信息.为消除忽略边界区域信息给图像分割带来的不足,在二维Tsallis交叉熵基础上提出了二维Tsallis交叉熵直线型分割方法,并将聚类小生境粒子群算法应用于最佳二维阈值的搜索当中,最佳阈值搜索速度有了明显提高,所得阈值较为理想.实验表明此方法取得了比传统Tsallis熵分割法较好的分割效果.     

基于灰度-梯度二维对称Tsallis交叉熵的阈值分割

针对灰度级-平均灰度级直方图的二维Tsallis交叉熵阈值分割法存在错分、计算复杂度较高问题,提出一种基于灰度-梯度二维对称Tsallis交叉熵的阈值分 割方法。构建新的灰度-梯度二维直方图,更加全面地考虑目标点和背景点;导出基于该直方图区域划分的对称Tsallis交叉熵阈值选取公式;采用基于tent映射的 混沌小生境粒子群优化算法搜寻二维最佳阈值向量,并引入快速递推算法降低其适应度函数的计算复杂度。实验结果表明,与基于灰度级-平均灰度级直方图的 二维Tsallis交叉熵阈值分割法相比,该方法能够使分割后的图像边缘更加准确,类内灰度更加均匀,且实时性提高了30倍。     

快速二维最小交叉Tsallis熵的图像阈值分割

目前二维最小交叉Tsallis熵阈值分割法有较好的分割性能,但由于计算复杂度高,使得分割速度慢。针对此问题,提出了一种基于二维最小交叉Tsallis熵的快速图像分割方法。首先对二维最小交叉Tsallis熵法公式进行推导找出需要递推的几个量,然后对二维直方图投影进行分析得到二维直方图的特性;最后利用此特性导出新型的快速递推算法来减少计算时间。实验结果表明:相对于当前二维最小交叉Tsallis熵阈值法,提出的方法在保持分割效果的情况下,其速度提高了20倍以上,其运行时间小于0.2 s。     

面向医学图像分割的直线截距直方图倒数交叉熵方法

为了进一步 提高医学图像分割的速度和准确度,为临床诊断和辅助治疗提供更为充分有效的依据,本文 提出了一种基于直线截距直方图的倒数交叉熵图像阈值分割方法。首先定义了直线截距直方 图;然后根据医学图像的二维信息,建立该图像的直线截距直方图;最后,推导出基于该直 方图的倒数交叉熵阈值选取准则,并以此对医学图像进行分割。实验结果表明,与基于 混沌小生境粒子群优化(Niche chaotic mutation particle swarm optimization, NCPSO) 的二维倒数熵法、基于分解的二维指数灰度熵法、基于斜分的二维对称交叉熵法及基于粒子 群优化(Particle swarm optimization, PSO)的二维Tsallis交叉熵法相比,本文方法分割 后的图像中目标区域完整准确,边缘细节清晰丰富,且所需运行时间大幅减少,是医学影像 研究中可选择的一种快速有效的图像分割方法。     

2维对称交叉熵图像阈值分割

现有阈值分割方法中所用的交叉熵不满足距离度量对称性,且算法运行速度尚有提升空间,为此提出基于分解的2维对称交叉熵图像阈值分割方法。首先通过运用对称交叉熵描述分割前后图像之间的差异程度,分别导出1维和2维对称交叉熵阈值选取公式,给出相应的2维快速递推算法,计算复杂性由穷举搜索的O(L4)降到O(L2);然后将2维对称交叉熵法的运算转换到两个1维空间上,计算复杂性进一步降低到O(L)。实验结果表明,与现有的2维非对称交叉熵法相比,该方法具有更强的抗噪性,运行时间大幅减少,是一种更有效的2维交叉熵阈值分割方法。     

利用混沌布谷鸟优化的二维Renyi灰度熵图像阈值选取

为了进一步降低现有的Renyi熵阈值法的计算复杂度,提出了基于混沌布谷鸟算法和二维Renyi灰度熵的阈值选取。首先,引入一维Renyi灰度熵阈值选取公式,建立基于像素灰度和邻域梯度的二维直方图,推导出基于该直方图的二维Renyi灰度熵阈值选取公式,通过快速递推公式来减少阈值准则函数的计算量;最后,采用混沌布谷鸟算法搜索最优阈值来完成图像分割。结果表明,与二维Arimoto熵法、基于粒子群的二维Renyi熵法、基于混沌粒子群的二维Tsallis灰度熵法、基于布谷鸟算法的二维Renyi灰度熵法相比,所提出的方法能够准确实现图像分割,且运算速度有所提升。     

二维直分指数交叉熵的印章图像阈值分割快速算法

提出了一种二维直分指数交叉熵的印章图像阈值分割快速算法。利用二维直方图对二维指数交叉熵进行阈值选取,导出快速算法。实验结果表明,提出的二维直分指数交叉熵的印章图像阈值分割快速算法相对于最大熵法和指数熵法,不仅分割结果精确,运行时间也相应缩短。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。