GaAs MMIC宽带双平衡混频器的研制

采用GaAs肖特基二极管工艺,设计并制造了一款宽带无源双平衡混频器,射频、本振频率为1.5～3.7 GHz,变频损耗小于10 dB,本振到射频隔离度大于35 dB,中频带宽DC～0.8 GHz.该混频器采用了环形二极管和螺旋式巴伦结构,在获得良好的变频损耗与隔离度的同时,显著减小了芯片面积,整体芯片尺寸为1.2 mm × 1.2 mm.     

新型四次谐波混频电路

本文介绍了一种适用于高次谐波混频的电路原理图,基于空闲频率相位抵消理论,该混频电路结构可以避免复杂的空闲频率回收电路设计,同时能获得很高的端口隔离度。基于该结构,设计了新型的Ka波段四次谐波混频器,该混频器在38.4 GHz测得最小变频损耗 8.3 dB,在34-39 GHz 变频损耗小于10.3dB, LO-IF、RF-LO、 RF-IF 端口隔离度分别优于30.7 dB、 22.9dB、46.5dB。     

一款集成驱动放大器的低变频损耗混频器设计

采用0.5μm GaAs工艺设计并制造了一款单片集成驱动放大器的低变频损耗混频器.电路主要包括混频部分、巴伦和驱动放大器3个模块.混频器的射频(RF)、本振(LO)频率为4～7 GHz,中频(IF)带宽为DC～2.5 GHz,芯片变频损耗小于7 dB,本振到射频隔离度大于35 dB,本振到中频隔离度大于27 dB.1 dB压缩点输入功率大于11 dBm,输入三阶交调点大于20 dBm.该混频器单片集成一款驱动放大器,解决了无源混频器要求大本振功率的问题,变频功能由串联二极管环实现,巴伦采用螺旋式结构,在实现超低变频损耗和良好隔离度的同时,保持了较小的芯片面积.整体芯片面积为1.1 mm×1.2 mm.     

4～8GHz GaAs HBT单片双平衡混频器

介绍了一种基于 GaAs HBT 的双平衡混频器.该混频器将射频、本振有源Balun集成其中,在RF和LO输入端分别采用不同的LC网络实现宽带的阻抗匹配.跨导级和开关单元之间采用交流耦合,并通过带宽扩展技术实现频带内的增益平坦.测量结果显示,该混频器匹配良好,射频端口S11在3～10 GHz频带内小于-10 dB.在固定中频200 MHz 情况下测试,在4～8 GHz射频频带内,平均增益10 dB,波动小于1 dB,中频输出端口对射频信号的隔离度优于25 dB,对本振信号的隔离度优于28 dB;本振-射频端口隔离度优于32 dB.在3.3 V直流电压下测得的功耗为66 mW.     

一种基于0.18-μm CMOS 工艺的超宽频带分布式无源栅注入混频器

本文介绍了一种基于0.18-μm CMOS 工艺的宽带无源分布式栅注入混频器。通过采用分布式拓扑结构,该混频器具有很宽的工作频带;中频输出端口使用了一个4阶低通滤波器,从而极大地提高端口之间的隔离度。此外,文中还分析了混频器的阻抗匹配与转换损耗。测试表明：该混频器在3GHz到40GHz频率范围工作时的转换损耗为 9.4 ~ 17 dB,零直流功耗,其芯片面积为0.78 mm2。在射频频率为23GHz固定中频频率为500MHz时的输入参考1dB压缩点大于4dBm。在整个工作频带内,其射频到本振端口、射频到中频端口及本振到中频端口的隔离度分别大于21dB, 38dB,45dB。该混频器适用于WLAN,UWB,Wi-Max,车载雷达系统和其它毫米波射频的相关应用。     

超宽带谐波混频器的设计

叙述了一种超宽带谐波混频器的原理、设计以及测试结果。该混频器主要由微带线巴伦、倍频器、单平衡混频器三部分组成。按中心频率为4.5 GHz设计出微带线巴伦结构,平衡端口输出相位差180°,具有尺寸小、损耗低、幅度相位一致性好等优点;采用AEROFLEX公司的MSPD2018型相位检波器作为混频器,该混频器采用阶跃恢复二极管倍频器与单平衡混频器并联结构,先倍频n次谐波后再与信号进行混频;传输线为四分之一波长线以提高端口间隔离度;利用微波电路仿真软件ADS对混频器进行基波和谐波分析。测试结果表明,在3～25 GHz的频率范围内,本振至中频的隔离度优于66 dB,其变频损耗的实测结果满足设计要求,在现有的宽带混频器中具有较好性能。     

3 mm单平衡混频器芯片

为满足3 mm收发系统的小型化需求,采用InP高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)工艺,设计并制造了一款3 mm单平衡混频器芯片.该单平衡混频器芯片采用了反向并联肖特基二极管对(APDP)和三线耦合Marchand巴伦结构,在获得精确的肖特基二极管非线性模型和巴伦电磁场S参数模型的基础上,对混频器进行了电路设计.最终获得了良好的工作带宽、变频损耗与隔离度指标,在片测试结果显示,该芯片射频、本振频率为82～100 GHz,变频损耗小于9 dB,本振(LO)-射频(RF)隔离度大于20 dB,中频带宽为0.1～18 GHz,整体芯片尺寸为1.1 mm×1.0 mm.     

一种U 波段鳍线单平衡混频器的设计

本文介绍了一种U 波段鳍线单平衡混频器的设计过程并给出了测试结果。混频器使用M/A-COM 公司的肖特基势垒二极管MA4E2037,整个电路制作在一块厚度为0.127mm 的RT-Duroid 5880 软基片上。射频端口采用鳍线过渡,本振端口通过波导-微带探针过渡,中频通过SMA 接头输出。测试结果显示,鳍线悬置微带线结构的混频器在本振为42 GHz, 射频在40～60GHz 范围内变化时,其变频损耗小于8.71 dB,本振到射频的隔离度大于25dB。     

双平衡混频器设计与研究

在射频电路的前端,混频器是实现频谱搬移的重要器件,是十分重要的模块。采用Win公司砷化镓工艺,设计了一款二极管双平衡混频器,其中巴伦采用平面螺旋式结构,用ADS软件进行各部分电路设计、仿真,从功能仿真图中看到输出信号的频谱中有需要的中频频率成分,验证了混频器频谱搬移的功能,在所设计的频段耦合度和隔离度能够满足要求。其中射频端口和本振端口的频率为0.8~1.2 GHz,中频频率DC~300 MHz,变频损耗8~10 dB,噪声系数9 dB左右,芯片面积0.9 mm×1 mm。     

基于新型超宽带平面巴伦的双平衡混频器

首次基于新型超宽带平面巴伦,设计了工作于超宽带(3.1¹0.6GHz)频段的二极管双平衡混频器。微带到槽线过渡巴伦具有高通性质,可以阻断直流和中频分量,而微带到共面带线(CPS)过渡巴伦可以提供中频和直流回路,二者与交叉二极管对一起构成平面超宽带双平衡混频器。同时,可在中频端口串接宽阻带低通滤波器,进一步改善射频(RF)和本振(LO)端口到中频(IF)端口的隔离度。根据测试结果,当射频和本振信号工作于3.110.6GHz)频段的二极管双平衡混频器。微带到槽线过渡巴伦具有高通性质,可以阻断直流和中频分量,而微带到共面带线(CPS)过渡巴伦可以提供中频和直流回路,二者与交叉二极管对一起构成平面超宽带双平衡混频器。同时,可在中频端口串接宽阻带低通滤波器,进一步改善射频(RF)和本振(LO)端口到中频(IF)端口的隔离度。根据测试结果,当射频和本振信号工作于3.1¹0.6GHz,中频在DC10.6GHz,中频在DC¹00MHz时,变频损耗小于13dB,三个端口之间的隔离度大于25dB。     

InAlAs/InGaAs HBT X-band double-balanced upconverter

We report on an InAlAs/InGaAs HBT Gilbert cell double-balanced mixer which upconverts a 3 GHz IF signal to an RF frequency of 5-12 GHz. The mixer cell achieves a conversion loss of between 0.8 dB and 2.6 dB from 5 to 12 GHz. The LO-RF and IF-RF isolations are better than 30 dB at an LO drive of +5 dBm across the RF band. A pre-distortion circuit is used to increase the linear input power range of the LO port to above +5 dBm. Discrete amplifiers designed for the IF and RF frequency ports make up the complete upconverter architecture which achieves a conversion gain of 40 dB for an RF output bandwidth of 10 GHz. The upconverter chip set fabricated with InAlAs/InGaAs HBT's demonstrates the widest gain-bandwidth performance of a Gilbert cell based upconverter compared to previous GaAs and InP HBT or Si-bipolar IC's     

A high-performance W-band uniplanar subharmonic mixer

A uniplanar subharmonic mixer has been implemented in coplanar waveguide (CPW) technology. The circuit is designed to operate at RF frequencies of 92-96 GHz, IF frequencies of 2-4 GHz, and LO frequencies of 45-46 GHz. Total circuit size excluding probe pads and transitions is less than 0.8 mm ×1.5 mm. The measured minimum single-sideband (SSB) conversion loss is 7.0 dB at an RF of 94 GHz, and represents state-of-the-art performance for a planar W-band subharmonic mixer. The mixer is broad-band with a SSB conversion loss of less than 10 dB over the 83-97-GHz measurement band. The measured LO-RF isolation is better than -40 dB for LO frequencies of 45-46 GHz. The double-sideband (DSB) noise temperature measured using the Y-factor method is 725 K at an LO frequency of 45.5 GHz and an IF frequency of 1.4 GHz. The measured data agrees well with the predicted performance using harmonic-balance analysis (HBA). Potential applications are millimeter-wave receivers for smart munition seekers and automotive-collision-avoidance radars     

20-GHz 5-dB-gain analog multipliers with AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs

From-DC-to-above-20-GHz monolithic Gilbert cell analog multipliers have been developed using AlGaAs/GaAs HBT technology. As a double balanced active mixer, it exhibits very high conversion gain of above +5 dB with extremely high LO-IF isolation of 33 dB for RF/LO inputs up to 20 GHz. It exhibits conversion gain of +9 dB for 5 GHz RF/LO inputs. As a double balanced upconverter, it exhibits positive conversion gain with high LO-RF isolation of 23 dB for RF output up to 8.5 GHz. As a detection mixer in coherent optical heterodyne receivers, it can operate for RF/LO inputs up to 15 GHz under a less than -7.5 dBm LO input condition     

A 77 GHz SiGe sub-harmonic balanced mixer

A novel SiGe 77 GHz sub-harmonic balanced mixer is presented with a goal to push the technology to its limit [SiGe2-RF transistor (f/sub T/=80 GHz)]. This new topology uses a compact input network not only to achieve high isolation between the LO and RF ports, but also to result in excellent 2LO-RF isolation. The measured results demonstrate a conversion gain of 0.7 dB at 77 GHz with an LO power of 10 dBm at 38 GHz, LO-RF isolation better than 30 dB, 2LO-RF isolation of 25 dB, and a P/sub 1dB/ of -8 dBm. The mixer core consumes 4.4 mA at 5 V. The circuit demonstrates that SiGe sub-harmonic mixers have comparable performance with GaAs designs, at a fraction of the cost.     

A Novel Circuit Architecture for High Performance of High-order Subharmonic Mixers

A novel circuit architecture for high performance of high-order subharmonic (SH) mixers is proposed in this paper. According to the specified harmonic mixing order, one or more mixer diodes sub-arrays and corresponding power divider as well as phase shift network for RF and LO signals are arranged in the circuit. This proposed SH mixer circuit has improved conversion loss, wide dynamic range and high port isolation for high-order SH mixers. By phase cancellation of idle frequencies, the proposed SH mixer circuit can eliminate complicated design procedure of idle frequency circuits; by phase cancellation of leakage LO power to RF and IF port, and leakage RF power to LO port, the mixer circuit can get high port isolation in LO-IF/RF and RF-LO. The increased antiparallel diode pairs in each sub-array will also lead to well performance by lowering effective series resistance. The proposed SH mixer circuit can be easily realized with power divider and phase shift network for RF and LO signals.     

A CMOS Ku-Band 4x Subharmonic Mixer

In this work, the design and measurement of a new 4x subharmonic mixer circuit is presented using CMOS 0.18 m technology. With an RF input signal at 12.1 GHz, and an LO signal at 3.0 GHz, an intermediate frequency of 100 MHz is produced (f_IF = f_RF - 4f_LO). The mixer uses a modified Gilbert-cell topology with octet-phase LO switching transistors to perform the quadruple subharmonic mixing. Included in the design is an active balun for the RF signal and a circuit that generates an octet-phase LO signals from a differential input. The mixer has a conversion gain of approximately 6 dB, 1-dB compression point of -12 dBm, IIP3 of -2 dBm, and IIP2 of 17 dBm. The circuit also exhibits excellent isolation between its ports (e.g. LO-RF: 71 dB, 4LO-RF: 59 dB).     

K-Band CMOS Sub-Harmonic Resistive Mixer With a Miniature Marchand Balun on Lossy Silicon Substrate

A K-band sub-harmonically pumped resistive mixer is demonstrated using standard 0.13 mum CMOS technology. A miniature Marchand Balun is integrated with the resistive mixer to generate equal amplitude and out-of-phase signals for mixer's local oscillation (LO) port directly on the lossy silicon substrate. The sub-harmonic resistive mixer with the integrated Marchand balun has conversion loss of 11-12 dB at f_IF = 100 MHz and P_LO = 7 dBm for RF frequencies from 18 to 26 GHz. The LO-RF and LO-IF isolations are approximately 30 and 33 dB, respectively.     

太赫兹−16 dB本振信号耦合器设计与实现

针对太赫兹频段边带分离接收机的应用需求,综合考虑本振信号弱耦合度、射频信号高方向性及现阶段铣削工艺精确度等要求,研制了一款400~500 GHz频段-16 dB 本振信号波导耦合器。主要包括分支型定向耦合器的耦合度特性分析、-16 dB弱耦合度波导耦合器设计、基于数控机械加工(CNC)技术的器件制备与结果讨论。2件样品实测结果均表明：该耦合器在400~500 GHz频段(相对带宽为22.5%)获得本振信号耦合度在-16~-17 dB,射频信号方向性为-1.2 dB,隔离度优于-20 dB,所有端口回波损耗优于-15 dB。上述性能均与仿真结果保持高度一致,表明当前CNC技术能够满足该高频段波导耦合器制备的高精确度需求。     

一种宽带单平面共面波导／槽线平衡混频器

本文采用共面波导／槽线混合环研制了一种宽带单平面平衡混频器，并得到了较好的实验结果。混频器的最佳变频损耗小于5．5dB，信号端口和本振端口的隔离度在4．0～5．2GHz频带内约为20．0dB，信号端口电压驻波比在3．8～5．5GHz频带内小于2．0，中频输出端口的电压驻波比在中频低于550MHz时小于2．0。