295/75R22.5 14PR无内胎全钢载重子午线轮胎的设计

介绍295/75R22.5 14PR无内胎全钢载重子午线轮胎的设计。结构设计:外直径1 010 mm,断面宽度308mm,行驶面宽度220 mm,行驶面弧度高9 mm,胎圈着合直径571 mm,胎圈着合宽度254 mm,断面水平轴位置(H_1/H_2)0.84,胎面采用4条纵向花纹沟结构,花纹深度17.2 mm,花纹周节数84,花纹饱和度73.4%。施工设计:胎面采用两方两块结构,胎体采用3+9×0.22+0.15HT钢丝帘线,1~#和2~#带束层采用3×0.20+6×0.35HT钢丝帘线,3~#带束层采用3×4×0.22HE钢丝帘线,0°带束层采用3×7×0.20HE钢丝帘线,采用一次法成型机成型,蒸锅式硫化机硫化。成品轮胎的充气外缘尺寸和强度性能符合设计和国家标准要求,耐久性能和高速性能符合企业标准要求。     

50/80R57 ☆☆ E-4巨型无内胎工程机械子午线轮胎的设计

介绍50/80R57☆☆E-4巨型无内胎工程机械子午线轮胎的没计。结构设计:外直径3 556 mm,断面宽1 270 mm,行驶面宽度1 080 mm,行驶面弧度高40 mm,胎圈着合直径1 444 mm,胎圈着合宽度866 mm,断面水平轴位置(H_1/H_2)0.85,胎面采用块状加深花纹,花纹深度102 mm,花纹饱和度71.65%,花纹周节数36。施工设计:采用胎面胶和基部胶缠绕丁艺,1~#,2~#,3~#和4~#带束层采用7×7×0 25+0.15HT钢丝帘线,5~#和6~#带束层采用3×7×0.22HE钢丝帘线,胎体采用7×(3+9+1 5×0.22)+0.20HT钢丝帘线,采用分段法成型机成型、硫化机硫化。成品性能试验结果表明,成品轮胎的外缘尺寸和耐久性能均达到国家标准要求。     

265/70R19.5无内胎全钢载重子午线轮胎的设计

介绍265/70R19.5无内胎全钢载重子午线轮胎的设计。结构设计:外直径862 mm,断面宽270 mm,行驶面宽度215 mm,行驶面弧度高6.0 mm,胎圈着合直径493.5 mm,胎圈着合宽度220.5 mm,断面水平轴位置(H_1/H_2)0.82,胎面采用混合型花纹设计,花纹深度17 mm,花纹饱和度72%,花纹周节数60。施工设计:采用双复合挤出胎面,1~#带束层采用3×0.20+6×0.35HT钢丝帘线,2~#和3~#带束层采用3+9+15×0.22+0.15钢丝帘线,4~#带束层采用5×0.30HI钢丝帘线,胎体采用3×0.24+9×0.225+0.15HT钢丝帘线,采用两鼓一次法成型机成型、硫化机硫化。成品性能试验结果表明,成品轮胎充气外缘尺寸、强度性能和耐久性能均符合相关设计和国家标准要求。     

315/80R22.5无内胎全钢载重子午线轮胎的设计

介绍315/80R22.5无内胎全钢载重子午线轮胎的结构设计和施工设计。结构设计:外直径1 071 mm,断面宽322 mm,行驶面宽度234 mm,行驶面弧度高9.7 mm,胎圈着合直径569.5 mm,胎圈着合宽度254 mm,断面水平轴位置(H_1/H_2)0.85,胎面采用4条纵向花纹沟设计,花纹深度14 mm,花纹饱和度75.9%,花纹周节数82。施工设计:胎面采用三方四块组合形式,带束层采用4层结构优化设计,1~#带束层采用3×0.20+6×0.35HT钢丝帘线,2~#和3~#带束层采用3+8×0.33HT钢丝帘线,4~#带束层采用3×4×0.22HE钢丝帘线,胎体采用3+9×0.22+0.15HT钢丝帘线。采用一次法成型机成型、蒸锅式硫化机硫化。成品性能试验结果表明,成品轮胎充气外缘尺寸和强度性能符合设计和国家标准要求,耐久性能和高速性能符合企业标准要求。     

385/65R22.5全钢载重子午线轮胎的设计

介绍385/65R22.5全钢载重子午线轮胎的设计。结构设计:外直径1 062 mm,断面宽394 mm,行驶面宽度320 mm,行驶面弧度高11 mm,胎圈着合直径569.5 mm,胎圈着合宽度312 mm,断面水平轴位置(H_1/H_2)1.002,花纹深度12 mm,花纹饱和度84.5%,花纹周节数64。施工设计:胎面采用胎面胶、基部胶和过渡胶片3层设计,采用3层带束层+0°带束层设计,1~#和2~#带束层采用3+9+15×0.22+0.15钢丝帘线,3~#带束层采用3×4×0.22HE钢丝帘线,0°带束层采用3×7×0.20HE钢丝帘线,胎体采用0.25+(6+12)×0.225HT钢丝帘线,钢丝圈采用Φ1.65 mm回火胎圈钢丝,采用三鼓成型机成型、硫化机硫化。成品性能试验结果表明,成品轮胎的外缘尺寸、强度性能和耐久性能等均达到设计和相关标准要求。     

13R22.518PR AEH2矿山用无内胎全钢载重子午线轮胎的设计

介绍13R22.5 18PR AEH2矿山用全钢载重子午线轮胎的设计。结构设计:外直径1 137 mm,断面宽300 mm,行驶面宽度255 mm,行驶面弧度高9.5 mm,胎圈着合直径569.5 mm,胎圈着合宽度250 mm,断面水平轴位置(H_1/H_2)0.937,花纹深度24 mm,花纹周节数42,花纹饱和度52.5%。施工设计:胎面采用胎面胶+基部胶+过渡胶结构,1~#和2~#带束层采用3+8×0.33HT钢丝帘线,3~#带束层采用3×4×0.22HE钢丝帘线,0°带束层采用3×7×0.20HE钢丝帘线,胎体采用3+9+15×0.22+0.15钢丝帘线;采用一次法三鼓成型机成型、双模蒸锅式B型硫化机硫化。成品性能试验结果表明,成品轮胎的充气外缘尺寸、强度性能和耐久性能均达到国家标准要求。     

24.00R35全钢工程机械子午线轮胎的设计

介绍24.00R35全钢工程机械子午线轮胎的设计。结构设计:轮胎外直径2 181 mm,断面宽646 mm,行驶面宽度558 mm,行驶面弧高32.88 mm,胎圈着合直径884 mm,断面水平轴位置(H_1/H_2)0.87;胎面花纹采用等节距设计,花纹深度65 mm,花纹饱和度65.8%。使用Solidworks软件对轮胎进行三维设计,通过有限元分析优化轮胎轮廓和材料分布。施工设计:胎面施工采用挤出胶条热缠绕方式,带束层为4层带束层结构,其中1~#—3~#带束层采用7×7×0.22+0.15HT钢丝帘线,4~#带束层采用高伸长的3×4×0.20HE钢丝帘线,胎体采用7×7×0.22+0.15HT钢丝帘线,钢丝圈采用Φ2.0 mm高强度钢丝。成品轮胎试验结果表明,轮胎外缘尺寸和耐久性能达到国家标准和设计要求。     

11.00R20 18PR全钢轻型载重子午线轮胎的设计

介绍11.00R20 18PR全钢轻型载重子午线轮胎的设计。结构设计:轮胎外直径1 080.3 mm,断面宽度288mm,行驶面宽度195 mm,行驶面弧度高7.0 mm,胎圈着合直径511 mm,胎圈着合宽度216 mm,断面水平轴位置(H_1/H_2)1.16;胎面花纹采用等节距设计,花纹深度14 mm,花纹饱和度80%。施工设计:胎面采用热喂料和冷喂料双复合挤出机挤出,胎体采用3+9+15×0.22HT钢丝帘线,1~#和2~#带束层采用3+8×0.33HT钢丝帘线,3~#带束层采用5×0.30HE钢丝帘线,0°带束层采用3×7×0.20H钢丝帘线,六角形钢丝圈采用直径1.83 mm钢丝;采用三鼓式一次法成型机成型,双模B型热板硫化机硫化。充气轮胎的外缘尺寸、强度性能、耐久性能符合设计和国家标准要求。     

环保型445/45R19.5宽基低断面无内胎全钢载重子午线轮胎的设计

介绍环保型445/45R19.5宽基低断面无内胎全钢载重子午线轮胎的设计。结构设计:外直径894.11 mm,断面宽441.58 mm,行驶面宽度381 mm,行驶面弧度高12 mm,胎圈着合直径494 mm,胎圈着合宽度394 mm,断面水平轴位置(H_1/H_2)0.89,采用5条直线型花纹沟,花纹深度15 mm,花纹饱和度67%,花纹周节数64。施工设计:胎面采用三复合挤出线生产,采用4层带束层结构,1~#带束层采用3×0.20+6×0.35HT钢丝帘线,2~#和3~#带束层采用3+8×0.33HT钢丝帘线,4~~#带束层采用5×0.35HI钢丝帘线,胎体采用3+9+15×0.22W钢丝帘线,采用二步法成型机成型、蒸锅式双模硫化机硫化。成品性能试验结果表明,成品轮胎充气外缘尺寸符合设计要求,强度性能、耐久性能和胎圈耐久性能符合相应标准要求。     

445/45R19.5超低断面宽基无内胎全钢载重子午线轮胎的设计

介绍445/45R19.5超低断面宽基无内胎全钢载重子午线轮胎的设计。结构设计:外直径900 mm,断面宽446 mm,行驶面宽度395 mm,行驶面弧度高15 mm,胎圈着合直径493.3 mm,胎圈着合宽度394 mm,断面水平轴位置(H_1/H_2)1.006,花纹深度15 mm,花纹饱和度23.5%,花纹周节数47。施工设计:胎面采用三方四块结构,胎体采用0.25+6+12×0.225HT钢丝帘线,1~#和2~#带束层采用3+9+15×0.22+0.15钢丝帘线,3~#带束层采用5×0.30HI钢丝帘线,0°带束层采用3×7×0.20HE钢丝帘线,采用一次法成型机成型、热板式硫化机硫化。成品轮胎试验结果表明,轮胎的外缘尺寸、强度性能、耐久性能和高速性能均符合相应设计和标准要求。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。