粘胶活性炭纤维的吸附性能及其孔结构表征

由化学药品磷酸盐催化处理的粘胶纤维在氮气气氛下于８２０℃下炭化,随后用水蒸汽活化制得粘胶活性炭纤维。采用液氮７７．４Ｋ下的吸附测定了该纤维的吸附等温线和常温下的静态苯吸附量以研究其吸附性能,并对其孔结构诸如比表面积、孔容、微孔容等进行了表征。     

磷酸活化粘胶基活性炭纤维的生产

以粘胶纤维（或布）为原料，通过采用独特的磷酸浸渍、离心甩开、晒干技术，控制合适的炭化活化工艺条件，成功地生产出公斤规模的磷酸活化粘胶基活性炭纤维，纤维的手感柔软性、强度与水蒸气活化的粘胶基活性炭纤维相近。本工艺炭化活化温度低，产品收率高（36％－46％），磷酸活化比水蒸气活化消耗更少的资源和能源。产品比表面积达737－1033m^2/g，对苯蒸汽和水溶液中碘有较好的吸附能力。     

KOH预处理除尘灰制备颗粒活性炭的实验研究

用除尘灰分离炭粉为原料，采用KOH预处理，水蒸汽活化的方法制备颗粒活性炭。实验证明，KOH预处理制备的活性炭有较高的比表面积，并且KOH预处理对活性炭的微晶结构和表面形貌产生影响。当KOH含量为10％时，所制备的活性炭比表面积和收率较高，灰分较低。同时本文对KOH影响机理进行了探讨，在炭化阶段KOH有利于促进生成难石墨化的炭素前驱体；在活化阶段，KOH对碳的气化有催化作用。     

粘胶基活性炭纤维的孔结构调控

通过炭化、活化,对具有一定孔隙的市售活性炭纤维进行孔结构调控,实验结果表明:炭化和活化均能有效提高活性炭纤维的比表面积和吸附能力。在活化温度为820℃,活化时间为120min时,ACF比表面积由原来的673m2/g增大为2685m2/g,而微孔比例由99.8%减小为71.9%,苯吸附率则由33.0%增大至146.2%。     

炭化温度对酚醛基活性炭纤维孔结构的影响

从酚醛纤维出发，经过炭化和KOH活化制备了酚醛基活性炭纤维（PACF），并对不同温度下炭化样品的比表面积、孔结构以及表面形态之间的关系进行了探讨。采用氮气（77K）吸附法测定PACF活性炭纤维的孔结构和比表面积。结果表明：用KOH在900℃对低于500℃炭化纤维进行活化，不能保持纤维形态，只能得到碳收率低、比表面积高的粉状物，而高于500℃炭化样品则可保持纤维形态。随着炭化温度的升高，所有样品的整体孔径分布范围基本相同，而平均孔径，比表面积和孔容逐渐缩小。     

炭化温度对兰炭基成型活性炭性能的影响

兰炭末加入黏结剂混合成型,经炭化和活化制得成型活性炭.利用TG-DTG对热解过程中成型料的炭化行为进行探讨;测试不同炭化温度的成型活性炭的收率、抗压强度和碘吸附值,采用N2吸附法和红外光谱对450℃炭化成型活性炭的孔结构及表面化学性质进行表征.结果表明,炭化温度越高,成型活性炭的收率越小,抗压强度越小,碘吸附值越大.经450℃炭化、800℃水蒸气活化60 min制得的活性炭表面具有大量的羟基、羰基和烃羟基等活性基团,比表面积为384.53 m2/g,属于中孔隙发达的活性炭.     

活性炭纤维的研制及其性能的研究

本文以毡状粘胶纤维、酚醛纤维和聚丙烯腈纤维为原料研制了活性炭纤维(ACF),并考察了它们的物化性能。实验结果表明,粘胶基ACF具有较大的比表面积和孔容积,它在气相和液相中对烃类及其衍生物的吸附性能比粒状活性炭优越;以粘胶基ACF为载体制备的催化剂对净化空气中的CO和氢气中的微量氧具有明显的催化效果。可以认为,粘胶基ACF在吸附和催化领域是一种有开发和应用前途的新型炭材料。     

超级电容器用活性炭纤维的研制(Ⅰ活性炭纤维的强度与比表面积)

分别以粘胶纤维和粘胶炭纤维为原料，经镍盐溶液浸渍后制备活性炭纤维。比较两种原料制得的活性炭纤维的强度和比表面积；考察它们随镍盐溶液浓度、活化温度和活化时间的变化情况。结果表明，两种原料制得活性炭纤维的强度和比表面积随上述三因素各自的变化趋势一致；并由此初步确定了比表面积～1200m^2／g,强度～0．3GPa的粘胶基活性炭纤维的制备工艺.     

活性炭纤维的制备及性能

文章介绍了活性炭纤维的炭化、活化工艺,测定了活性炭纤维的性能。由粘胶、聚丙烯腈及酚醛纤维都可制得活性炭纤维,与活性炭相比,其比表面积大,吸附能力强,脱附速度快,并可做成纸状或毡状;气体或液体通过时,阻力很小,是一种很有前途的吸附剂。     

废弃辣椒秸秆高比表面积活性炭的制备及表征

以废弃的辣椒秸秆为原料,KOH为活化剂,制备高比表面积活性炭,研究了碱炭比、活化温度、炭化温度及活化时间对活性炭吸附性能的影响。结果表明,活性炭制备的最佳工艺条件为:碱炭比为3∶1,活化温度为700℃,炭化温度为450℃,活化时间为40 min。在此条件下,制得的活性炭碘吸附值2 356.40 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值41.3 mL/0.1 g,BET比表面积为2 432.135 m2/g,Langmuir比表面积高达3 270.478 m2/g,吸附总孔容为2.064 cm3/g,平均孔径为3.246 nm。SEM和XRD观察发现,辣椒秆活性炭呈不定形态,具有丰富和发达的蜂窝状孔隙结构。     

Design and fabrication of SCPOF preform doped with rare earth complexes

Segmented‐cladding fibers (SCF) consist of a uniform core of high refractive index and a cladding with regions of high and low refractive index alternating angularly, which can effectively realize single mode with a large core diameter. Because polymer optical fibers are usually of large diameter, theoretical model for SCF was further extended to segmented‐cladding polymer optical fibers (SCPOF) doped with rare earth complex in this article. On the basis of the physical principle, a material model for SCPOF was established, from which refractive index and glass transition temperature of polymer materials was predetermined for the core and cladding of SCPOF, respectively. According to the model, a preform for SCPOF was fabricated with the core doped with Eu(DBM)₃Phen that has characteristic emission at 613 nm under excitation at 365 nm. From results of fluorescence photograph, it is clearly seen that the expected preform has been obtained by a two‐step method developed in this work. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Preparation and characterization of ultrafine electrospun polyacrylonitrile fibers and their subsequent pyrolysis to carbon fibers

The present contribution reports the fabrication and characterization of ultrafine polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers by electrospinning and further development of the as‐spun PAN fibers into ultrafine carbon fibers. The effects of solution conditions (i.e., solution concentration, viscosity, conductivity, and surface tension) and process parameters (i.e., applied electrostatic field strength, emitting electrode polarity, nozzle diameter, and take‐up speed of a rotating‐drum collector) on morphological appearance and average diameter of the as‐spun PAN fibers were investigated by optical scanning (OS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The concentration, and hence the viscosity, of the spinning solutions significantly affected the morphology and diameters of the as‐spun PAN fibers. The applied electrostatic field strength and nozzle diameter slightly affected the diameters of the as‐spun fibers, while the emitting electrode polarity did not show any influence over the morphology and size of the as‐spun fibers. Utilization of the rotating‐drum collector enhanced the alignment of the as‐spun fibers. Within the investigated concentration range, the average diameter of the fibers ranged between 80 and 725 nm. Finally, heat treatment of the as‐spun fibers with their average diameter of about 450 nm was carried out at 230 and 1000 °C, respectively. Various characterization techniques revealed successful conversion into carbon fibers with an average diameter of about 250 nm. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Ultra-flexible Al2O3 fibers: A novel catalyst support material for sustainable catalysis

Flexible aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) fibers were prepared by the blow spinning method and their potential as a high-temperature catalyst support was investigated. The synthesized Al₂O₃ fibers exhibited remarkable flexibility in both mechanical compression and recovery tests, which remained intact in a wide temperature range from −196 °C to 1200 °C. Moreover, their low thermal conductivity of 0.030 W K⁻¹∙m⁻¹, demonstrated an outstanding thermal insulation. Subsequently, nickel nanoparticles were uniformly distributed on the surface of the Al₂O₃ fibers as a self-supporting catalyst using a conventional impregnation method. The resulting self-supporting Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst demonstrated remarkable thermo-catalytic performance and re-activation capability at high temperatures for thermocatalytic reaction of dry reforming of methane (DRM). Our findings highlight the potential of pure Al₂O₃ flexible fibers as a versatile material for various industrial applications, including high-temperature catalysis.     

熔纺工艺对PEEK初生丝性能的影响

选用国产ＰＥＥＫ树脂，系统研究了熔纺温度、热甬道温度及初始拉伸比对初生丝取向和拉伸性能的影响。结果表明，纺丝甬道在室温条件下纺制的ＰＥＥＫ初生丝有一定程度的分子取向，熔纺温度越低，初始拉伸比越大，取向越明显；有热甬道条件下，甬道温度越高，取向程度越低，当温度高于２６０℃时，所得初生丝基本无取向。初生丝取向度越低，拉伸性能越好。     

Comparison about the structure and properties of PAN‐based activated carbon hollow fibers pretreated with different compounds containing phosphorus

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) hollow fibers were pretreated with five different compounds containing phosphorus, including ammonium dibasic phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, triammonium phosphate, phosphoric acid, and metaphosphoric acid, and then further oxidized in air, carbonized in nitrogen, and activated with carbon dioxide. The effects of different compounds containing phosphorus as pretreating agents on the properties and structure of the resultant oxidized hollow fibers, carbon hollow fibers, and activated carbon hollow fibers are discussed. Comparing the Brunaner‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface area of PAN‐activated carbon hollow fibers (ACHF) pretreated with five different compounds, ammonium dibasic phosphate > triammonium phosphate > ammonium dihydrogen phosphate > phosphoric acid > metaphosphoric acid, and the surface area of mesopores in PAN‐ACHF pretreated with ammonium dibasic phosphate reaches maximum, 174 m² g^?1. The adsorption ratio to mesomolecule adsorbate, VB₁₂, of PAN‐ACHF pretreated with ammonium dibasic phosphate also reaches maximum, 97.7 wt %. Moreover, the dominant pore sizes of PAN‐ACHF range from 2 to 5 nm in diameter. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 294–300, 2005     

访问DSM高性能纤维公司

简要介绍荷兰DSM公司超高强度聚乙烯纤维的发展动向和产品应用研究情况。     

热塑性树脂基复合材料用摩擦纺混纤纱

对连续纤维增强热塑性树脂基复合材料，增强纤维和热塑性树脂的结合是这类复合材料加工的难点。从９０年代起，Ｗｕｌｆｈｏｒｓｔ等探索性地研究了用摩擦纺方法将增强纤维和树脂纤维一起加工成热塑性复合材料用混纤纱。本文对这种摩擦纺混纤纱加工方法进行一步讨论，纺制了进一步讨论，纺制了几种混纤纱并通过扫描电镜和纱线均匀度测试仪研究了其结构。     

Effect of processing conditions on dimensions of sisal fibers in thermoplastic biodegradable composites

Biodegradable composites based on treated and untreated sisal fiber and mater Bi‐Z were processed using an internal batch mixer. The effect of processing conditions (temperature, speed of rotation, and time of mixing) and alkaline treatment on the dimensions of sisal fiber was studied. The length and diameter of the initial fibers were reduced during mixing and this effect was correlated to the magnitude of the shear stress developed in the mixer. An increase of the speed of rotation and/or a reduction of temperature produced fibers of smaller dimensions but with a higher aspect ratio l/d. Alkaline treatment increased the kinetics associated to the reduction of the fiber's dimensions. A semiempirical model was employed to predict the size of the fibers versus the time of mixing. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 1084–1091, 2001     

碳化硅纤维及其复合材料

碳化硅纤维及其复合材料是目前使用温度最高的增强材料和先进复合材料，本文简要介绍先驱体转换法和化学气相沉积法制备碳化硅纤维的工艺，不同工艺方法制备的碳化硅纤维的性能比较，碳化硅纤维及其复合材料的现状与应用。     

塑料光纤的研究概况

塑料光纤具有许多无机光纤不可比拟的特点,已经应用于传感器、医疗、装饰、通信等领域。介绍了墅料光纤的材料和性能、制造方法以及塑料光纤的最新研究成果,并对塑料光纤的发展进行了展望。