关键链上可被部分替代的受限资源动态调度

关键链上受限资源的优化调度,能有效提高系统运作效率,是关键链项目管理的重要研究方向之一.但现有研究主要针对资源能否更新,较少考虑资源的可替代性.针对此,研究了关键链上可被部分替代的受限资源调度问题,以达到提高资源利用率、降低成本等目的.采用α/β/γ三元组方法,将研究的问题描述为以最小化滞后时间和为目标,具有机器适用限制的并行异速机调度问题,并建立对应的数学模型;运用混合重调度策略和改进粒子群算法进行了算法设计;设计了仿真算例,并通过算法比较表明该方法在求解结果和问题求解规模上显著优于传统PSO、GA算法.     

机载光电跟踪系统连续帧图像快速识别定位

针对机载光电跟踪系统连续帧图像快速识别、准确定位的要求,本文在深入分析连续图像序列特性和机载光电跟踪系统特点的基础上,结合精密转台的运动变化信息,提出了基于转角信息的连续帧图像处理算法.该方法根据精密转台的转角变化信息,采用连续的图像序列进行多帧间差值运算以获得目标残差图,残差图之间相乘.除去大部分随机噪声点,结合中值滤波和自适应渡门跟踪算法,大大的减小了运算量,实现了运动目标的快速跟踪定位.通过对目标实测图像序列的试验,结果表明,该算法具有快速、稳定等优点,能满足机载光电跟踪系统实时图像跟踪的要求.     

基于遗传蚁群算法的并行测试任务调度与资源配置

针对多UUT(Unit Under Test)并行测试任务调度与资源配置问题,提出了一种遗传蚁群融合算法.应用遗传蚁群融合算法能快速、准确地寻找到具有最大成本效率的多UUT并行测试资源配置和任务序列.建立了多UUT并行测试任务资源描述的数学模型,分析了多UUT测控资源合并的条件,得出最短并行测试时间基础上的最少资源需求,给出了成本效率的定义,设计了一种满足多UUT并行测试任务调度的基因编码方法和路径选择方案.算法初期利用遗传算法的快速收敛性,为蚁群算法提供初始信息素分布,蚁群算法采用双向收敛的信息素反馈方式,避免了对参数的依赖,减少了局部收敛性,加快了收敛速度.实例表明,该算法能很好地解决多UUT任务资源最优调度与配置问题.     

基于启发式调度规则的能力需求计划算法

传统的能力需求计划方法不能准确地反映实际生产能力需求与负荷.为此设计了基于启发式调度规则的能力需求计划算法,该算法将基于启发式规则的调度算法作用于物料需求计划进行能力需求计算,并对设备负荷率、关键设备资源和关键任务等关键能力信息的计算方法进行了重新定义,以更加真实地反映计划期内计划的能力需求与设备负荷状态.该算法已应用...     

面向多用户环境的MapReduce集群调度算法研究

针对MapReduce集群现有调度策略在多用户环境下无法根据用户的实际资源需求实现动态资源分配的问题,提出了一种基于历史执行信息(HEI)的MapReduce集群调度算法——HEI Scheduler。该算法通过建立集群作业执行信息的收集和分析机制,得到各用户组资源需求随时间变化的规律,并以作业实际占用slot的时间作为作业占用资源量的衡量标准,进而动态地确定资源池的最小共享资源以及集群剩余资源分配的权值。实验结果表明,执行信息分析机制能够更准确地表征作业对资源的需求,采用集群调度算法HEI Scheduler能够有效地缩短作业的整体执行时间。     

基于增强学习的半导体测试调度研究

采用Sarsa(λ,k)学习算法求解、产品、测试机、测试工具包、使能器部件对应关系非常复杂的半导体测试调度问题.针对测试调度,通过定义系统状态的表示方式、构造行为和报酬函数把调度问题转化为增强学习问题,并把Sarsa(λ,k)算法和梯度下降径向基神经网络函数泛化器结合使用.实验验证了Sarsa(λ,k)算法解决半导体测试调度问题的有效性.Sarsa(λ,k)算法通过反复解决调度问题来调整调度策略,能克服单个行为策略短视的缺点,综合利用各个行为策略的优点,从而找到较优的调度方案.     

一类基于信息融合的粒子滤波跟踪算法

本文提出了一种基于图像多特征信息融合的粒子滤波跟踪算法.该算法利用颜色柱状图描述运动目标颜色分布信息,帧间差的梯度图像描述目标运动信息,并在柱状图框架下给出了运动目标颜色和运动似然模型,保证了颜色和运动似然模型在尺度上的统一.由于图像多特征提供了运动目标多方面的测量信息,从而提高了算法的可靠性.试验表明该算法在使用相同粒子数目的情况下较采用单一颜色特征的粒子滤波跟踪算法效果好.     

An efficient task scheduling algorithm for heterogeneous multi-core processors

针对现有异构多核处理器任务调度算法效率低的问题,提出了一种综合性的、高效的静态任务调度算法,即聚簇与复制列表优化调度(CDLOS)算法.该算法首先通过对任务图进行聚簇优化,降低某些特殊任务的通信开销;然后从整个任务图的拓扑结构出发计算任务的优先级权值,提高关键任务的优先级;继而采用区间插入和任务复制技术进行调度,降低处理器资源浪费;最后通过优化调度结果,消除冗余任务,减小整个任务的调度长度.实例分析和模拟实验结果表明:与以往算法相比,此新算法较高地提升了多核处理器任务调度的效率,具有更好的应用前景.     

一种基于多值属性的改进Apriori算法

随着大量需要被挖掘的数据变得越来越复杂,多维关联规则已经成为关联规则挖掘中最实用的内容之一.本文主要介绍了在多维关联规则挖掘过程中,针对同一种属性数据出现重复连接的情况,由此而提出的一种解决方案.通过对多值属性信息进行比较,去除重复连接的属性信息,保留有效信息,减少对数据库的扫描.由此对Apriori算法中连接步进行改进,最后通过布尔型关联规则挖掘数据信息并得到结果.相较于Apriori算法,改进算法能更加快速准确地发现知识,缩短挖掘所用的时间.     

面向Jobshop调度的时间映射算法

现实的Jobshop生产环境中的生产日历和班次等把设备资源的有效工作时间段分割成离散状态。为了降低调度在确定工序开始和结束时间时的计算复杂性,提出了一种时间映射算法。通过该算法实现了离散作业时间到整数连续区间和整数连续区间到离散作业时间的快速转换;并以遗传调度算法为例,研究了时间映射算法与调度算法的融合技术,实现了在连续整数区间上的调度。研究结果表明,相比未采用时间映射算法的调度算法,采用时间映射算法能大幅降低调度在确定工序开始和结束时间上的计算复杂性,计算时间降幅达到39.7%,从而提高了调度的计算效率。     

基于资源配（等效性的数据中心能耗优化

针对数据中心服务器的低能效问题,进行了利用资源配置的等效性来优化服务器能效比的研究。研究发现,应用程序的多种资源分配方案具有相同的性能,但表现出较大的能耗差异,这种现象叫做“基于性能等效的资源配置”,简称“等效配置”。基于这种观察,提出了两种优化能效比的算法———SmartRank 算法和 SmartBalance 算法。 Smar-tRank算法使用资源等效替换的方法寻找能耗最低的资源配置,来达到局部最优的能效比;SmartBalance算法通过评估资源需求向量与剩余资源间的关系来均衡资源分配,同时兼顾单个应用的能耗开销,从而达到全局最大能效比。实验表明,通过对这两个算法的优化,可实现平均节省3％的系统能耗,局部最大可以节省12.5％的能耗。     

A Scalable Resource Management Architecture for Wide-Area Industrial Measurement Collaboration on Grids

Research on Web measurement and industrial collaboration in measurement fields in a wide-area and across-organizationally is accepted globally. This paper proposes a novel, scalable management architecture of measurement resources for the resource organization and resource access of the current wide-area collaborative measurement applications in the context of a grid. The complexity of the measurement management on a grid arises from the scale, dynamism, autonomy, heterogeneity, and distribution of the measurement systems and the relative data systems. This paper mainly discusses the interconnection, collaboration, and transparent access of the multi-measurement resources based on the proposed management architecture in the context of complexity. We first discuss the logical architecture used in the measurement fields, and then the resource management system is put at a high premium with layered architecture. Finally, the problems such as resource interconnection, sharing and collaboration are studied in the context of the proposed management environment. The typical applying instance is given to show the advancement of the proposed approach.     

基于本体面向服务的统一制造资源管理

为满足制造企业内不同业务应用系统对制造资源的应用需求,建立面向服务的统一制造资源管理平台是一种有效的解决方式．本文从资源本身的结构及其管理与应用需求两方面出发,参考本体建模的思想,给出了建立面向PDM、CAPP、ERP和MES应用的统一制造资源本体模型的方法,包括资源术语、需求描述的概念化集合、动静态资源数据实体等．在此基础上,采用面向服务的信息技术,构建了一种通用的、可扩展的统一制造资源管理平台．     

中国农业资源与环境可持续发展战略研究

农业资源与生态环境是保障粮食安全的基础,当前,中国农业资源与生态环境主要面临三方面的问题:第一,由于播种面积减少、耕地质量下降和空间格局变化造成我国耕地资源对粮食生产的后续支撑能力不足;第二,"水减粮增"矛盾突出和"北粮南运"难以为继;第三,农业生态环境恶化、农业生态系统服务功能难以充分发挥。为解决这些问题,需要实施现代高效生态农业战略、粮食生产区再平衡战略和贸易替代战略。基于此提出了相应的政策建议。     

支持多应用的统一制造资源模型研究

支持多应用的统一制造资源模型是实现资源数据集成、加强应用的深度和广度以及实现企业整体资源优化的基础.从信息完整性、管理与应用以及企业个性化要求等多个角度分析了统一制造资源建模的需求,提出了资源元数据模型的概念,将资源数据分解为资源实体、资源类型、资源组合、资源视图与资源能力五个方面进行描述,在此基础上提出了统一制造资源信息模型(UMRIM)框架,该框架由资源核心模型层、应用模型层和整体优化模型层构成.基于UMRIM和面向服务架构的模式建立了资源服务平台,给出了平台的结构.     

Quality and exposure control in semiconductor manufacturing. Part II: Evaluation

The purpose of this article is to test the performance of a heuristic algorithm that computes a quality control plan. The objective of the tests reported in this paper is twofold: (1) to compare the proposed heuristic algorithm (HA) to an optimal allocation (OA) method; and (2) to analyse the behaviour and limitations of the proposed HA on a scale-1 test with a before/after test. The method employed to evaluate this algorithm is based on comparisons: 1. The first test illustrates the method and its sensitivity to internal parameters. It is based on a simplified case study of a product from the semiconductor industry. The product is made up of 1000, 800 and 1200 wafers incorporating three different technologies. The production duration is 1 week, and three tools were involved in this test. The behaviour of the proposed algorithm is checked throughout the evolution of the model parameters: risk exposure limit (R_L ) and measurement capacity (P). The quality control plan for each tool and product are analysed and compared to those from a one stage allocation process (named C ⁰) that does not take into account risk exposure considerations. A comparison is also performed with OA.

2. The second scale-1 test is based on three scenarios of several months of regular semiconductor production. Data were obtained from 23 etching and 12 photolithographical tools. The outputs provided by the HA are used in the sampling scheduler implemented at this plant. The resulting samples are compared against three indicators.

The results of these comparisons show that, for small instances, OA is more relevant than the HA method. The HA provides realistic limits that are suitable for daily operations. Even though the HA may provide far from optimal results, it demonstrates major MAR improvement. In terms of the maximum inhibit limit, the HA achieves better performances than C ⁰, and they are strongly correlated to R_L and to the control capacity. The article concludes that the proposed algorithm can be used to plan controls and to guide their scheduling. It can also improve the insurance design for several levels of acceptance of risk.     

面向重大传染性疾病的应急资源管理研究综述

伴随传染性疾病传播网络的发展变化,应急资源需求具有时变性和随机性,使得应急资源的管理研究具有一定挑战性,有必要针对现有的面向传染性疾病的应急管理相关研究进行综述。首先介绍了传染性疾病传播网络建模及分析方法,然后针对传染性疾病背景下的应急资源管理研究进行综述,包括资源配置、选址和物流规划、库存和供应链管理以及资源重组4个主要研究领域,最后对研究现状和未来研究重点进行归纳总结。     

Use of float consumption rate in resource leveling of construction projects

The management of resources has been claimed to be as important as scheduling methods. Inefficiency in managing resources may bring about severe delays and cost overruns caused by resource shortages in some cases and/or idle resources in others. Therefore, resources should be utilized efficiently to prevent project failures. Resource leveling is one of the approaches that are used for the management of resources. It aims to minimize fluctuations, peaks, and valleys in resource utilization without changing the completion time of a project and the number of resources required. Although the main principle behind traditional resource leveling is achieving an even flow of resources while the original project duration remains unchanged, the literature supports the need to develop an efficient model that discriminates among the activities that are selected for participation in resource leveling. For this purpose, this study has developed a model that considers the float consumption rates of activities in resource leveling. The float consumption rate is the percentage that is set to determine the maximum amount of float which will be consumed to shift the start time of the activity. The proposed model allows a scheduler to assign float consumption rates to each activity that can be used during the resource leveling procedure. When the required information is inputted, the proposed model automatically changes the required daily resources as it shifts the noncritical activities along their available total float times. The proposed model is expected to minimize the likelihood of severe delays and cost overruns. The model is demonstrated by constructing a network and its resource utilization histograms.     

云南铜业集团可持续发展的资源战略决策

论述了云南铜业集团以科学的可持续发展观,长期坚持把资源战略做为云南铜业做大做强的基本策略,制定了实施资源战略的指导思想、发展目标、基本思路、战略原则、保障措施和一整套管理办法,取得了良好的效果,为云南铜业集团“十一五”的发展目标打下了坚实的基础。     

Developing a novel approach to assess the efficiency of resource utilisation in organisations: a case study for an automotive supplier

There are different business processes in each organisation. Each business process utilises some resources to perform its related activities, produces specified outputs (products/services) and reaches organisational goals. In this paper, an approach is presented to assess the ability of business processes to utilise resources. To apply the presented framework, a manufacturing firm in the automotive industry was selected. Initially, four main business process groups were chosen for the assessment. Then, 15 processes of the four determined process groups and resources utilised by each process were identified. All of the recognised 19 resources were classified into six major categories, including physical, relational, organisational, informational, human and legal resources. Afterward, a hierarchical top-down analysis was performed to determine the ability of process groups and processes to utilise resource categories and resources. The results of the analysis show which resources have been strongly/weakly utilised by which business processes. In other words, by applying the suggested framework, it is possible to accurately identify the strengths and weaknesses of the resource utilisation. Therefore, the company can focus on weaknesses, prioritise them and develop improvement actions to increase the ability to utilise resources in the specified areas.