孜然粉末的热分析研究

用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和热重法(TG)研究了孜然粉末的热性质,加热温度为室温至600℃,加热速率为5℃.min~(-1)和10℃·min~(-1),测定氛围为静态空气。实验发现:超过42℃时,孜然粉末中的挥发成分和湿存水有明显损失,超过160℃时热分解。建议孜然粉末应在42℃以下密闭保存,用于汤料类调味比烧烤类调味更好。     

差示扫描量热法和热重法评估植物油氧化稳定性的研究进展

对植物油氧化机理及影响因素做简要概述,综述差示扫描量热法(DSC)和热重法(TG)在评价植物油氧化稳定性中的应用,同时介绍了植物油氧化过程中的物性变化,为植物油的质量控制和货架期评估提供参考。     

钾盐种类及质量分数对卷烟纸裂解产物的影响

为研究钾盐的种类及质量分数对卷烟纸裂解产物的影响,采用热重法(TG)和分段裂解-气相色谱-质谱法(Py-GC/MS)分析了9种卷烟纸的热失重和热裂解行为.结果表明:①9种卷烟纸的热失重分为4个阶段,主要热失重阶段发生在162～612℃区间内.②随裂解温度升高,裂解产物数量进一步增加、种类变得复杂.两个主要裂解阶段对应的...     

热分析技术在芳纶纤维中的应用研究

介绍了差热分析（DTA）,差示扫描量热法（DSC）,热重法（TG）和动态热机械分析（DMTA）等热分析技术在芳纶纤维热性质分析方面的应用进展。指出芳纶纤维在热压时形态和结构会发生变化,通过对芳纶纤维热性能的研究,可以调整纤维加工条件,改善纤维性能。     

胶合板用胶的填料对刀具磨损的影响

在家具生产中,锯铣胶合板时,人们常常发现胶层对刀具的磨损作用最大。胶合板用的大部分胶粘剂都是由合成树脂、木质纤维和无机填料、蛋白质淀粉添加剂,以及酸性盐类催化剂或碱性分散剂组成。人们不禁要问,究竟哪种添加成分对刀具有较大的磨损作用? Armarego和Brown对刀具磨损的四种机理(粘着、磨擦、扩散和疲劳)提出了深刻的见解。Urban和Stewart等人对切削木材和木质复合板刀具的磨损做了很好的论述。实质上,从技术角度讲,木材是一种三维立体聚合物,是热的不良导体。正由于干木材或胶合板是热的不良导体,所以在切削     

热压机的热压板温度差异分析

热压机的热压板温度差异分析上海沪西层压木厂钟宏章张徐发热压机是胶合板厂主要设备之一，其热压板温度差异直接影响胶合质量，我厂专业生产特种胶合板、航空板、木质层积塑料、水下滑导木、船尾轴套等各种防水胶合板，规格厚从０．５ｍｍ至６０ｍｍ，最大幅面５′×６′...     

香菇精的合成及热分析研究

以二溴甲烷代替二碘甲烷为原料合成了1,2,3,5,6-五硫环庚烷(又名香菇精),该法原料成本低,操作简单,产率提高20%。用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和热重法(TG)研究其热性质,加热温度为室温至300℃,加热速率10℃.min-1,测量氛围为静态空气。结果表明,香菇精超过225℃后热分解,应在225℃以下保存,适用于汤料类调味品而不适于烧烤类调味。     

水提板栗壳色素的热分析研究

以水为溶剂从板栗壳中提取得到板栗壳色素CSPⅡ,采用热重、热重-红外联用及差示扫描量热法对板栗壳色素进行热分析研究.结果表明：板栗壳色素在220℃以下是相对稳定的,仅释放出少量的吸附水;在220～400 ℃之间发生强烈的热裂解反应,分解出大量的水、二氧化碳及醇类化合物等挥发性小分子化合物.     

热处理圆盘豆木材的热分析研究

以过热蒸汽为传热介质和保护性气体,在热处理温度为160℃、180℃、200℃和220℃,热处理时间均为4h的条件下对圆盘豆木材进行高温热处理后,采用综合热分析仪对圆盘豆热处理材和未处理对照材进行热重分析和差示扫描量热分析,结果表明,热处理使木材的颜色加深、尺寸稳定性增强、强度降低.强度降低的主要原因是热处理使木材中的半纤维素、纤维素、木素发生剧烈的热降解反应     

高温热改性对7种国产阔叶材心边材颜色的影响

以过热蒸汽作为介质于185℃～215℃热改性7种国产阔叶材,分析窿缘桉、马占相思、荔枝木、刺槐、春榆、臭椿、橡胶木等木材热改性后心边材颜色的变化,考察不同处理对几种阔叶材心边材颜色的影响,为几种阔叶材工业热改性生产工艺优化及木材热变色规律提供试验依据。结果表明,(1)几种阔叶材185℃和200℃热改性后,对于心材树种,其心边材明度都显著降低,200℃明度低于185℃,且心材颜色仍较边材颜色深;(2)对于边材树种,热改性后木材明度也显著降低,200℃处理颜色亦比185℃深;(3)热改性后,马占相思等含有抽提物的心材树种木材颜色比橡胶木等不含抽提物的边材树种深;(4)热改性后窿缘桉木材的颜色变化,除了处理温度与处理时间对木材颜色有影响外,心边材也对其材色差异有显著影响。     

Properties of fast-growing poplar wood simultaneously treated with dye and flame retardant

Simultaneous dyeing and inflaming retarding treatment improves both the aesthetic aspects and the safety value of fast-growing tree species. This study investigated the effects of water bath temperature, dye concentration, flame retardant concentration and dipping time on dye uptake and limited oxygen index of simultaneously dyed and fire-retardant-treated wood veneer. Through comprehensive analysis, an improved process was obtained and wood with these improved properties was prepared. Analyses of chemical structure and thermal stability of prepared wood samples were conducted, as well as crystallinity and microscopic morphologies using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric, plus X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results showed that dye uptake and limited oxygen index had a similar increasing tendency with increased water bath temperature and dipping time. Moreover, dye uptake improved upon addition of flame retardant, while limited oxygen index decreased as dye concentration increases. Flame retardant combined with the wood fiber and was in the absence of chemical reaction with the dye used. Dye and flame retardant molecules diffused into the cell cavity, wood vessel and aperture. Furthermore, the fire-retardant properties and crystallinity of wood simultaneously treated with dye and flame retardant were both improved.     

阻燃剂对粘胶纤维性能的影响

 针对粘胶纤维出口需达到阻燃要求兼并服用安全无毒、易于工业生产问题,本文研究了通过粘胶纤维中分别加入阻燃剂TBEP、硅酸钠、三聚氰胺进行纺前共混制得阻燃粘胶纤维Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ,采用极限氧指数法（LOI）、红外光谱法（FTIR）、热重分析法（TG）、差热分析法（DTA）、差热红外联用（DTA-FTIR）法等方法测试并研究其阻燃性能,其中阻燃粘胶纤维Ⅲ极限氧指数达32.8,达到难燃标准,通过红外光谱检测阻燃剂有效连接在粘胶纤维上。采用TG-DTA分析,显示阻燃剂的加入增强成炭作用,同时使阻燃粘胶纤维燃烧脱水阶段提前,氧化分解阶段反应平缓。通过差热—红外联用,检测出燃烧产物为水、CO、CO2,所使用的阻燃剂安全无危害性。     

新型含锌离子阻燃共聚酯的合成及其性能表征

利用新型含锌离子阻燃剂2-羧乙基苯基次膦酸乙二醇酯锌盐（CEPPA-Zn）合成阻燃聚酯,由于含金属离子的阻燃剂加入,聚合反应过程中,缩聚反应的时间缩短,缩聚反应的温度降低,利用差示扫描量热（DSC）测试阻燃聚酯的热性能,发现阻燃聚酯的玻璃化转变温度、结晶化温度及熔点均提高,热重测试（TGA）显示聚酯的热稳定性能提高,而且由于Zn离子的存在使得残炭量增加,极限氧指数（LOI）测试显示,当含Zn离子的阻燃剂质量含量达到7 %时,阻燃聚酯的LOI值达到36.7。     

阻燃剂化学分析和阻燃织物性能测试(二)

3　阻燃织物性能测试3.1　国内外阻燃织物的标准和测试方法目前国际上纺织品阻燃性能测试方法较多 ,每个国家都有自己的标准 ,如英国 BS、德国 DIN、加拿大 CGSB、美国 FS、瑞士 SNV、日本 JIS、法国 ANF、瑞典 SIS、中国 GB以及国际公认的标准 ISO等。某些国家的地区和组织 ,如美国的纽约、波士顿、加利福尼亚等大城市或州 ,以及商务部 (DOCFF)、运输部 (DOT)和军事机构等 ;各团体、学会或协会 ,如国家防火协会 (NFPA)、纺织化学家和染色家协会(AATCC)、材料试验学会 (ASTM)等 ,均有一套自己的测试标准和方法。不同类…     

阻燃剂化学分析和阻燃组织物性能测试（一）

对阻燃剂和织物上阻燃剂的分析和测度进行了较系统的介绍,商品阻燃剂的分析以企业标准为主;定位和定量分析织物上阻燃剂,非耐洗性一般用水萃取法,耐洗性必须采用分解法。在阻燃织物性能测方面了论述了目前国内外的标准,介绍了几种方便简易的方法,以及近年来在科研上应用的热分析方法。     

Synergistic effect of treatment with disodium octaborate tetrahydrateand guanyl urea phosphate on flammability of pine wood

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) wood was treated with disodium octaborate terahydrate (DOT) and guanyl urea phosphate (GUP) to impart flame retardance. The flame retardance and thermal stability of pine wood was evaluated by limited oxygen index (LOI), UL-94, thermogravimetry and cone calorimeter. The results indicated that the thermal stability was significantly improved with impregnation of a 1:1 DOT/GUP 10–15% aqueous solution. DOT/GUP treated pine wood fell within the nonflammable range of the Chinese national standard of nonflammable materials with LOI value of 40.8% using 10% (w/w) aqueous solution. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the treated pine wood samples reduced the weight loss, increased residual char, but lowered pyrolysis temperature. The highest char yield was obtained from pine wood treatments with DOT/GUP. The flammability parameters by the cone calorimeter, including heat release rate (HRR), total heat release (THR), smoke production rate (SPR), and total smoke production (TSP) showed that most parameters (HRR, THR, SPR, TSP) of the treated pine wood samples decreased especially for the DOT/GUP treatment, which indicated a synergistic flame retardant and smoke suppression effect. This finding has not been reported in previous literature. The flame retardant was found to have penetrated into the cell wall with scanning electronic microscopic observation, which makes DOT/GUP enhance char-forming ability of wood.     

大麻纤维针刺毡Mg(OH)_2整理后的热性能分析

采用Mg(OH)_2阻燃剂,在阻燃剂质量浓度为300 g/L,黏合剂体积分数为20%,浸渍时间为20 min的工艺条件下对大麻纤维针刺毡进行阻燃整理,用热重分析(TG)法和差热分析(DTA)法对MS(OH)_2阻燃整理前后大麻纤维针刺毡热性能进行对比分析.结果表明:经Mg(OH)_2阻燃整理后的大麻纤维针刺毡初始热解阶段为0～330℃,主要热解阶段在330～400℃,残渣热解阶段在400-600℃;且热失重和最大热失重速率明显降低,剩炭率增加,热解起始温度升高;第1个放热峰值降低了50%,无第2个放热峰出现,说明阻燃剂Mg(OH)_2对大麻纤维针刺毡有较好的阻燃效果.     

阻燃剂处理红麻杆的阻燃热解动力学研究

文章以高纯度脒基脲磷酸盐为阻燃剂对红麻杆进行阻燃处理,分析了红麻杆的阻燃性能和热解行为,并计算红麻杆的活化能。结果表明:对比纯红麻杆,载药率达到15%时红麻杆达到难燃标准,热解炭化阶段起始温度降低,终止分解温度延后,热降解反应活化能降低。     

Untersuchungen zur Quellung und Wärmedehnung von Faser-, Span- und Sperrholzplatten

The swelling in plane and perpendicular to the plane as well as the thermal expansion in plane of diverse wooden materials (fibreboard, particle board, plywood) were investigated. A strongly reduced differential swelling of between 80% and 95% relative humidity in relation to the swelling of between 35% and 80% relative humidity was observed by all wooden materials which were investigated. The swelling also depended on the density within the diverse materials (plywood and particle boards). The different swelling of plywood parallel and perpendicular to the fibre of the face veneer depended strongly on the layer that was measured (⊥ or ||). The swelling perpendicular to the plane of the diverse particleboards depended on the density. With plywood, the swelling perpendicular to the plane was similar to the tangential swelling of solid wood, although the veneers are oriented radially in this direction. This can be explained by the mechanically restrained swelling in plane due to the adjacent plies. In all wooden materials the thermal expansion is very low (3.7 to 5.9· 10^-6 m/(m·K)). Plywood had the lowest thermal expansion and is similar to the value of solid wood in the longitudinal direction. The thermal expansion of particleboard and fibreboard is 1.5 fold higher than that of plywood.     

V2O5溶胶-凝胶对羊毛织物的阻燃改性及其热降解研究

用V2O5溶胶-凝胶对羊毛织物进行阻燃处理,并采用氧指数、剩炭率、热分析、扫描电镜等方法对处理前后的羊毛织物的阻燃性能及热降解行为进行了研究。对比未阻燃的样品,阻燃羊毛的剩炭率、氧指数升高,阻燃性得到明显改善。依据阻燃羊毛的热降解行为的变化,对该体系阻燃羊毛的阻燃机理做了初步探讨。