Cherenkov辐射材料的研究历史和现状

追溯了Cherenkov效应和Cherenkov辐射材料的研究历史,重点介绍了曾成功用作Cherenkov辐射探测器的铅玻璃和立方氟化铅晶体的性能特点,并对目前正在研究的钨酸铋钠和重掺杂钨酸铅晶体进行了评述和讨论.     

铁氧体材料辐射效应的研究进展

随着航空航天技术和核技术的发展,铁氧体电子元器件已经广泛运用于人造卫星、宇宙飞船和核污染探测器等。基于空间环境和核环境的特殊性,铁氧体电子元器件不可避免地处于空间辐射和核辐射等强辐射环境之中,然而辐射会对铁氧体电子元器件性能造成不同程度的损伤甚至导致器件失效。介绍了铁氧体材料和辐射环境,着重综述了近年来国内外铁氧体材料辐射效应的研究,分析了不同种类的辐射对铁氧体材料性能的影响,指出了研究铁氧体材料辐射效应存在的问题,并展望了今后值得关注与研究的方向。     

低温地板辐射采暖技术研究现状

介绍了低温地板辐射采暖的优越性,从理论模型分析、节能技术措施以及调节控制方法等方面阐述了我国对低温地板辐射采暖技术的研究现状.并介绍了项技术的应用方面的缺陷,及其改进措施.     

单粒子效应的激光模拟方法研究进展

单粒子效应是一种会引起器件状态改变的辐射效应现象,会对器件性能、状态造成重大影响,甚至可能造成器件无法正常工作.本文介绍了目前各种单粒子效应的研究方法,重点综述了脉冲激光模拟研究的进展,汇总了近些年来国内外的代表性研究机构以及相应的测试装置参数,同时对脉冲激光诱导产生单粒子效应的机理、研究测试方法和代表性前沿器件研究的成果进行了概括,最后对脉冲激光模拟单粒子效应的方法、器件的研究方向等进行展望.     

关于辐射温度计的发展动向

本文从8个方面简要论述并介绍了国外辐射温度计的发展动向。 1.测量范围及检测器:高、中、低温的一般分法,日本钢铁厂使用的各种辐射温度计的比例,高、中、低温辐射温度计常用的检测器种类。 2.提高性能和加强功能:从数字化、精度及功能三个方面介绍了一些国外辐射温度计的性能。 3.附属设备与现场应用的关系:说明了附属设备在现场使用中的重要性,举例介绍热风炉测温的附属设备等。 4.向轻量化小型化发展:便携式为其一种发展方向,并介绍了国外最新的超小型便携式辐射温度计。 5.光导纤维的应用:利用光导纤维对辐射测温所带来的好处及应用。 6.专用仪表的研究:玻璃测温的特点及其波长的选择,并介绍了一种能预测农作物收获量的辐射温度计。扫描及热像图:简述了一维扫描及两维扫描的测温装置,并介绍了一种热像仪。关于微处理机的应用:指出微处理机的发展对辐射温度计可能带来的影响。最后提出了5点希望:1.努力提高辐射测温仪表的可靠性和精度。2.增加品种,使产品多样化。3.大力开展关键元件的研制工作,使之性能稳定并有互换性。4.尽力吸收各方面的先进技术,以发展辐射测温技术。5.注意推广和提高使用水平,使辐射测温能得到较快的发展。     

诱发单粒子效应的空间辐射环境

介绍了诱发电子器件和集成电路发生单粒子效应的主要空间辐射环境。讨论了诱发单粒子效应的空间辐射环境类型和区域分布特点,利用SPACE RADIATION软件包、CREME96和OMERE软件包,针对一些典型卫星轨道,给出了计算结果,分析了相关辐射环境的特点和空间分布特征。．     

星用胶粘剂的辐射效应研究

对星用胶粘剂的辐射效应进行了研究.在星上使用的胶粘剂必须满足空间环境条件下的需要.针对几种用于空间的胶粘剂,测试了力学性能随辐射剂量的变化.对试验进行了讨论,总结了胶粘剂力学性能随辐射剂量的变化规律.     

声冲流实验研究

1引言 相对交变声压而言,对声传播的次级效应-声辐射压力的研究和利用似乎不为很多人看好.较早的研究在声悬浮和确定气体中液滴的表面张力[1].现有的应用是线性声场声功率和声强的测量;在非线性声场中,也仅用于药物透入治疗、雾化治疗和形成超声喷泉以美化环境等少数几个方面[2].如果我们有意识地利用这种声辐射压力形成旋转力矩的话,即便不很大,也可引起比较显著甚至更多应用思考的力学效应.在本研究中,作者就是利用一低功率超声的辐射压力所形成的声冲流,使重量不一、直径不同的浮置球体获得了稳定的力矩而旋转起来.     

辐射固化材料的研究进展

辐射固化技术由于满足"4E"原则而被誉为绿色技术,在诸多应用领域都显示了自身的优越性,近年来在国内外得到了迅猛发展,特别是紫外/电子束(UV/EB)辐射固化技术在近年采都处于高速发展时期.为了让研究人员对辐射固化材料的研究有一个全面了解和系统认识,充分拓展辐射固化材料的应用领域,从辐照源、化学体系、固化机理、应用等方面综述了紫外线固化和电子束固化的共性及区别.简单介绍了我国辐射固化材料的发展状况,展望了辐射固化材料的发展前景,对辐射固化技术的发展方向提出了建议,希望能促进辐射固化材料的发展,造福于人类.     

电磁波的生物效应与人体健康

本文从电磁波的概念入手,着重分析了电磁波的产生来源,以及对人体健康所带来的影响,列举了有效避免电磁波辐射的方法,并从不同方面分析研究了电磁波的生物效应与人体健康之间的关系.     

类金刚石薄膜的辐照及其发展

类金刚石薄膜（以下简称ＤＬＣＦ）是一种极有发展前途的材料,其用途非常广泛。介绍ＤＬＣＦ辐照的现状,指出ＤＬＣＦ辐照效应的研究对其在空间、核聚变反应等辐照环境下应用的必要性和重要性,预测了其发展方向和应用前景。     

Utilization of intense neutron generators in science and technology

This review outlines the present status of conventional and intense neutron generators and their utilization in basic research and technology. The following topics are discussed: output characteristics of neutron generators; status of microscopic and integral neutron nuclear data; nuclear levels and decay schemes; miscellaneous applications of neutron generators (activation and prompt radiation analysis, pulsed-neutron experiments, fast-neutron irradiation effects).     

玻璃的辐照效应及耐辐照改性研究进展

航天科技、核医学、核能工业和绿色建筑的发展对使用在辐射环境中的玻璃提出了越来越高的要求。玻璃在辐射环境中会发生微观结构变化和宏观性质改变,耐辐照玻璃是一种在高能射线或粒子辐照后可见光区透过率下降较小,能保持物理化学性能稳定的特种玻璃。阐述了玻璃的辐照效应研究现状,介绍了玻璃耐辐照改性的研究进展及挑战,并提出了值得关注的新趋势。     

Gamma irradiation effect on structural,optical and electrical properties of organometallic potassium hydrogen oxalate oxalic acid dihydrate single crystal

Potassium oxalate oxalic acid dihydrate (KHO) single crystals were grown from solvent evaporation technique at room temperature. Crystals were optically characterized using UV–Vis and photoluminescence analysis. The gamma irradiation effects on KHO crystals were also studied optically and the results were analyzed to compare the effect of irradiation on the crystal lattice for different dosage. Structural variations were studied using powder XRD, FTIR and the results were examined to study the defect states created inside the lattice due to irradiation and the effect on the functional vibrations of the host crystal. Surface morphology of the crystal was studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Photo conductivity of the synthesized crystals were studied and analyzed to compare the photo response as well as the conductivity of the materials when subjected to irradiation.     

Research and development of nanocrystalline W/W-based materials: novel preparation approaches,formation mechanisms,and unprecedented excellent properties

Tungsten (W) has become the most promising plasma-facing material (PFM) in fusion reactor, and W still faces performance degradation caused by low-temperature brittleness, low recrystallization temperature, neutron irradiation effects, and plasma irradiation effects. The modification of W/W-based materials in terms of microstructure manipulation is needed, and such techniques to improve the performance of materials are the topics of hot research. Researchers have found that refining the grain can significantly improve the strength and the irradiation resistance of W/W-based materials. In this paper, novel approaches and technique routes, including the “bottom-up” powder metallurgy method and “top-down” severe plastic deformation method, are introduced to the fabrication of nanocrystalline W/W-based materials. The formation mechanisms of nanocrystalline W/W-based materials were revealed, and the nanostructure stabilization mechanisms were introduced. The mechanical properties of nanocrystalline W/W-based materials were tested, and the irradiation behaviors and performances were studied. The mechanisms of their high mechanical properties and excellent irradiation-damage resistance were illustrated. This article may provide an experimental and theoretical basis for the design and development of high-performance novel nanocrystalline W/W-based materials.     

超声对Ti/SnO2+Sb2O3/PbO2电极材料结构及电极性能的影响

用SEM和XRD技术测定和分析了不同超声波作用时间下Ti／SnO2 Sb2O3／PbO2电极材料的表面形貌和结构，应用循环伏安法研究了超声波作用时间对Ti／SnO2 Sb2O3／PbO2电极在1．0mol／LH2SO4溶液中的伏安特性的影响．实验结果表明：超声波作用于电极材料会对电极表面的形貌和结构产生影响；电极经超声处理20min后，其循环伏安峰电流与未经超声波作用时相比增加了近1倍；电极的电化学活性表面积随超声波作用时间的延长呈先增大后减小的趋势，在本实验中超声波作用时间为20min时，伏安电荷最大，即活性表面积最大.     

关于核农学创新的几点思考

文章简要介绍了我国核农学在诱变育种、核素示踪技术应用、食品辐照和辐射不育技术防治害虫等方面的研究成果和目前存在的主要问题,以及解决问题途径的思考与建议.文章认为我国的核农学正处在能否继续深入发展的关键时期,迫切需要通过加强学术创新和机制创新来提升我国核农学的发展速度与研究水平.文章强调我国核农学开展学术创新的重点应该是加强基础研究与应用基础研究,而支撑这个创新的关键点在于管理机制的创新.     

SiC及a-SiC：H薄膜的辐照及其进展

SiC是一种宽带隙半导体材料,在高温,高频在,大功率,光电子及抗辐射等方面具有巨大的应用潜力,介绍了国外对该材料及其薄膜进行辐照的一些结果,并指出开展SiC及其薄膜辐照效应研究的重要意义,预测了其发展方向和应用前景。     

Friction properties of implanted alumina for vacuum applications

The influence of ion irradiation on friction properties in vacuum of alumina ceramics was studied. The effects of irradiation fluence, ion energy, thickness of the modified layers and of the possible role of solid lubrication were analyzed. The tests performed under vacuum clearly show, that radiation damage-induced softening of the surface layer leads to significant, approximately two times, decrease of a friction coefficient. Further decrease of the friction force, down to about 1/3 of the initial value, was obtained when the implanted species revealed solid lubrication effect. The results obtained are discussed in the frames of theory of adhesive friction.     

Synergistic Effects of Incubation in Rotating Bioreactors and Cumulative Low Dose 60Co γ-ray Irradiation on Human Immortal Lymphoblastoid Cells

The complex space environments can influence cell structure and function. The research results on space biology have shown that the major mutagenic factors in space are microgravity and ionizing radiation. In addition, possible synergistic effects of radiation and microgravity on human cells are not well understood. In this study, human immortal lymphoblastoid cells were established from human peripheral blood lymphocytes and the cells were treated with low dose (0.1, 0.15 and 0.2?Gy) cumulative ⁶⁰Co ??-irradiation and simulated weightlessness [obtained by culturing cells in the Rotating Cell Culture System (RCCS)]. The commonly used indexes of cell damage such as micronucleus rate, cell cycle and mitotic index were studied. Previous work has proved that Gadd45 (growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45) gene increases with a dose-effect relationship, and will possibly be a new biological dosimeter to show irradiation damage. So Gadd45 expression is also detected in this study. The micronucleus rate and the expression of Gadd45?? gene increased with irradiation dose and were much higher after incubation in the rotating bioreactor than that in the static irradiation group, while the cell proliferation after incubation in the rotating bioreactor decreased at the same time. These results indicate synergetic effects of simulated weightlessness and low dose irradiation in human cells. The cell damage inflicted by ??-irradiation increased under simulated weightlessness. Our results suggest that during medium- and long-term flight, the human body can be damaged by cumulative low dose radiation, and the damage will even be increased by microgravity in space.