乳化液膜去除焦化废水中苯酚的初步研究

采用乳化液膜法去除焦化废水中的苯酚,建立了以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为载体、Span-80为表面活性剂、煤油作膜溶剂及NaOH溶液为内相的乳化液膜体系.首先采用红外光谱分析得出TBP与酚类物质属氢键缔合.其次通过液膜稳定性实验表明,当表面活性剂体积分数为5%、油内比为1∶1、制乳时间为30 min、制乳转速为2 000 r/min时,可以得到较为稳定的乳化液膜.最后根据分离实验结果得出,当表面活性剂体积分数为5%、NaOH溶液浓度为0.5 mol/L、载体体积分数为0.2%、乳水比为1/3时,苯酚的迁移率可达到95%以上.     

微乳液膜法萃取镍

采用油酸/丁醇/碳酸钠水溶液组成的微乳体系对水相中Ni2 进行萃取研究,考察了微乳体系组成,水相的pH值、膜水比、搅拌时间等实验参数对萃取率的影响,以及水相中NaCl盐度对微乳体系乳化的影响.实验结果表明:当油酸∶丁醇∶碳酸钠(1.0 mol/L)=5∶5∶4(体积比),油内比Roi为2.5,废水pH值在5.1~5.8间,膜水比Rew为1∶7,搅拌时间为6 min时,Ni2 萃取率达99.91%,由初始浓度0.5 g/L降至0.7 mg/L,水相中NaCl含量1.5 g/L,萃取过程中不存在溶胀现象.用盐酸调节pH值破乳,油相回用,实验结果证明5次回用后液膜萃取效果基本不变.     

液膜分离H酸废水三级萃取工艺的优化研究

采用三级逆流萃取工艺,研究了乳状液膜处理H酸废水时Span-80:异辛醇比值、油内比Roi、乳水比Rew、外相pH等因素对废水COD去除率指标的影响.结果表明:Span-80:异辛醇=11(g∶ml),油内比Roi=1∶1.5,乳水比Rew=1∶1,外相废水pH=2.0时,COD去除率达到85.3%.     

乳状液膜法处理含铬废水的研究

采用以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为载体、T152为表面活性剂、磺化煤油为膜溶剂、液体石蜡为膜增强剂、NaOH为内相试剂的乳状液膜体系提取分离废水中的铬(Ⅵ).在探明料液pH值、内水相NaOH浓度、T152浓度、载体用量以及乳水比和油内比对提取效率影响的基础上,确立了最适分离条件.结果表明,含铬(Ⅵ)废水经处理后,去除率达99%以上,铬(Ⅵ)残留量＜0.5mg/L,能达到排放标准.     

以Acorga M5640为载体的乳状液膜法分离富集铜

研究了以Acorga M5640为载体的乳状液膜，从低品位铜矿浸出液中提取铜的最优膜配方及工艺条件．结果表明，由Acorga M5640(体积分数6％)、LMS-2 LMA-1(体积分数2％)和民用煤油组成的乳状液膜膜相，在内水相为2～3mol／LH2SO4，外相pH为1．5～4．0，油内比Rd=3：2，乳水比Rew=1：5，提取时间为6min的条件下，铜的迁移率接近100％，二次逆流提取后的富集液中，铜浓度为6．5g／L左右．     

混合型乳化液膜对焦化废水中氨氮的处理

研究了Span-80、Tween-80和四氯化碳为主要原料制备的乳化液膜处理焦化废水,与以Span-80为单一表面活性剂制备的乳化液膜处理焦化废水进行比较.考察了乳化剂的类型、亲水-亲油平衡值、乳化剂用量、硫酸浓度等各种影响因素对氨氮去除率的影响,得出最佳条件:亲水-亲油平衡值(HLB)为5.19,乳化剂用量为0.8g,内相硫酸浓度为0.25mol/L,乳化液膜对于焦化废水中氨氮的去除率可达99.9%.同时,通过两种乳化液膜对焦化废水处理的比较说明,混合型乳化液膜对氨氮去除率要比单一型更好.     

乳状液膜法处理H酸废水的实验研究

以Span-80、FSN-100为复合表面活性剂,TOA为流动载体,研究了乳状液膜处理H酸废水时TOA浓度、内相NaOH浓度、油内比Roi、外相pH、乳水比Rew及搅拌强度等因素对废水COD去除率指标的影响,分析了其内在影响因素的规律性.同时,实验结果表明乳状液膜法处理H酸废水具有较好的应用前景.     

用TOA为流动载体的乳状液膜提取对氨基苯磺酸

研究了以三辛胺(TOA)为流动载体的乳状液膜法提取对氨基苯磺酸(PASA)的最优膜配方及工艺条件.结果表明:以3%聚胺型表面活性剂(质量分数),4%TOA(体积分数),10%NaOH(质量分数),油内比Roi为2∶1的乳状液膜体系,处理初始浓度为5 000 mg/LPASA废水,在pH值为3,乳水比Rew为1∶5的传质条件下,提取率可达90%以上.     

乳状液膜法提取模拟湿法磷酸中的稀土镧

采用自制的磺化聚丁二烯(LYF)作表面活性剂,以二(2-乙基己基磷酸,P204)为萃取剂,以4mol/L HCl为内相,液体石蜡为膜稳定剂,制成乳状液膜,从模拟湿法磷酸中萃取稀土镧.在膜内比为1.2∶1,制乳搅拌,搅拌速度为2 000r/min,时间为20min,提取搅拌速度为250r/min,时间为10min,水乳体积比为2∶1,磷酸质量分数为10%P2O5,La3+含量为300mg/L时,镧离子的迁移率达到86.67%.同时利用液液萃取通过斜率分析法讨论P204从磷酸中提取镧离子的反应机理.对P204萃取镧离子进行热力学研究,结果表明,萃取反应属于放热反应,反应热为-7.697 1kJ/mol.     

乳化液膜法脱除乙二醇中H_2S的研究

采用乳化液膜法对含H2S的乙二醇溶液进行脱硫研究.膜相由膜溶剂煤油、表面活性剂、流动载体乙二胺、膜稳定剂液体石蜡组成;内相试剂为NaOH.考察了传质时间、表面活性剂的种类及浓度、流动载体浓度、内相NaOH浓度、膜溶剂与内相试剂之比、乳化液与外相溶液之比、乙二醇溶液的初始硫含量以及传质搅拌速率对H2S脱除率的影响.试验结果表明,乳化液膜法用于含硫乙二醇溶液的脱硫是可行的,H2S脱除率可达到98%以上.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.