鲨鱼皮仿生防污研究

介绍了海洋生物污损对船舶的影响,大型海洋生物鲨鱼皮的结构及其防污机理,重点概述了目前关于鲨鱼皮仿生防污研究的进展.     

国外仿生防污染涂料研究初探

随着含锡防污涂料[含三丁基锡(TBT)或三丁基锡氧化物(TBTO)]等全面被禁,环保型的抗生物污染涂料成为各国船(舰、艇)舶、海洋工程涂料专家们重点研究方向,主要集中在通过改变材料表面结构,或物理化学性能,或应用高效安全生物防污损剂.该文对仿生防污染物理法、仿生防污染化学法进行了阐述,介绍了聚合物的防污材料、仿生鲨鱼皮涂料、滕壶胶黏剂和仿天然生物杀菌剂的仿生防污性能,但这些仿生防污剂都有其局限性,高效、安全、使用寿命是今后攻坚克难的方向.     

鲨鱼盾鳞3D打印复制工艺研究

利用3D打印数字制造、堆积制造的技术优势,制作具有显著减阻效果的仿鲨鱼体表皮盾鳞肋条结构。根据已得到的单个盾鳞结构图,结合真实尺寸建模制造,利用Rhino软件数字建模单个盾鳞并阵列化,得到仿鲨鱼表皮三维模型。以尼龙、未来8000树脂为3D打印线材,成功打印复制出具有鲨鱼盾鳞肋条结构的仿生阴、阳模板,为功能性生物表面的高精度、微尺度复制提供了新的思路方法。     

宁波材料所在织构化防污涂层方面取得研究进展

<正>中科院宁波材料所乌学东研究团队选用有机硅改性丙烯酸酯作为涂层材料,借鉴海洋生物表皮具有的天然防污特性,在有机硅改性丙烯酸树脂固化的同时,通过模板法构筑了三种规则的织构(微/纳凸柱,凹槽和凹坑),系统测定了涂层对丝藻、新月藻和舟形藻三种海洋环境中常见藻类的防污性能,发现:表面织构化可显著提高涂层的海洋防污性能,最佳条件下对丝藻、新月藻和舟形藻附着量可依次降低92%、81%、73%,织构的形状和尺寸都与涂层的防污性能有较强相关性,微/纳     

自抛光防污涂层及评价技术的发展

介绍了自抛光防污涂料的防污机理和防污特点,概括了有机锡自抛光防污涂料和无锡自抛光涂料的防污机理和发展状况,阐述了几种不同无锡自抛光涂料的防污原理,对自抛光防污涂料通过测定防污涂层的有效成分渗出率间接反映防污性能的评价方法和实海挂板直接评价防污涂层的防污性能的传统评价方法进行了总结。详细介绍了几种自抛光防污涂料室内动态模拟性能评价方法和生物性能评价方法,并对自抛光防污涂料的发展方向进行了展望。     

FDM技术在仿鲨鱼皮盾鳞结构成型中的应用研究

为了研究熔融沉积成型(FDM)打印机在打印仿鲨鱼皮表面盾鳞结构的工艺过程,选取短鳍灰鲭鲨表皮单个盾鳞结构的数据,放大20倍,用Matlab进行曲线拟合,并利用Solidworks对模型重建,在Simplify-3D中对模型进行切片处理,设置相应的打印参数,最终在FDM打印机上打印成型。结果表明,在层厚0.1 mm,打印速度设置为30 mm/s,挤出宽度为0.42 mm时打印成品精度较高,细节还原度较好。利用FDM打印机能够实现仿鲨鱼皮表面盾鳞结构的快速打印,为研究鲨鱼皮盾鳞结构在流体中减阻的机理提供了实验模型。     

有机硅改性氟碳防污涂料表面接触角和防污效果的研究

运用冷拼法制备了氟硅树脂并配制了氟硅防污涂料,研究了氟硅防污涂料一年实海挂板的接触角及防污效果的变化。结果表明,氟硅防污涂料接触角随时间的变化而变小,防污效果优于氟碳防污涂料和有机硅防污涂料。     

天然产物及仿生物用于涂料防污剂的研究进展

综述了不同来源的天然产物,包括海洋动物、海洋植物、海洋微生物和陆生植物,及其人工合成天然产物作为防污剂用于防污涂料的研究进展;阐释了部分天然防污剂的防污机理,分为毒性机制和非毒性机制,同时归纳了这些防污剂的防污机理。发现由于从当前研究中可得到的信息不足,无法从分子机制的角度完全阐述防污机理,对天然防污剂的防污机理的认识还比较浅显,造成其难以用于解决实际问题;最后对防污剂及防污涂料发展方向进行了展望。     

海洋船舶无毒、低毒防污涂料的研究进展

介绍了现代海洋船舶防污涂料的研究和应用情况,分别阐述了电化学防污涂料、化学活性物质释放型防污涂料和非化学活性物质释放型防污涂料的原理及其应用进展,并着重介绍了无毒低毒防污剂及防污涂料,指出长效、无毒的防污涂料将是未来涂料的发展方向。     

新型船舶防污涂料的研究及其发展动向

随着对海洋环境的日益重视和环保法规的加强,传统的防污涂料将逐步被新型的高效无毒防污涂料替代,新型船舶防污涂料的发展和应用成为必然。文章简要介绍了新型船舶防污涂料中的无锡自抛光船舶防污涂料、低表面能船舶防污涂料、含生物活性物质船舶防污涂料和电解船舶防污涂料的发展现状,并对国内外新型船舶防污涂料的发展动向进行了分析。     

Fabrication and characterization of silver nanoparticle-incorporated bilayer electrospun–melt-blown micro/nanofibrous membrane

In this study, we fabricated an antifouling bilayered fibrous filter media having micro-nonwoven by melt blowing and nano-nonwoven by electrospinning process. Silver nanoparticle-incorporated polyurethane nanofibers were electrospun on the meltblown fiber of polypropylene. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized in situ in the polyurethane electrospun nanofibers through reduction of silver nitrate. The filter media were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses. The composite membrane showed that a thin layer of electrospun nanofibers improved the filtration efficiency without substantial increase in pressure drop. In situ synthesis of Ag NPs imparted the antibacterial and antifouling characteristics to the membrane.     

Antifouling performance enhancement of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane through increasing charge-loading capacity over Prussian blue nanoparticles

Prussian blue (PB), as a kind of regulator of charge-loading capacity, was first used to modify polyethersulfone (PES) membrane, and a novel PB/PES ultrafiltration membrane was prepared by non-solvent induced phase separation method. The physicochemical properties of PB-NPs and PB/PES membranes were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, and zeta potential analysis. It was observed that PB-NPs were uniformly distributed in the PES matrix and a lotus-seedpod structure was formed inside the membrane. The addition of PB-NPs improved the charge-loading capacity of the PES membrane. The permeation and antifouling performance were investigated by filtering bovine serum albumin aqueous solution with different pH values. The results showed that the PB/PES membrane with 0.2-wt% PB-NPs content had the excellent antifouling performance and the flux recovery ratio value reached 90.73%. Moreover, the long-term stability test showed that PB-NPs did not fall off after continuous pure water filtration, indicating that PB/PES membrane had a good stability.     

Preparation and characterization of ZrO2/PES hybrid ultrafiltration membrane with uniform ZrO2 nanoparticles

In current or next-generation reuse systems, the development of new classes of antifouling membranes is needed before viable membrane-based approaches for wastewater reclamation can be achieved. In this study, ZrO₂/PES hybrid ultrafiltration membranes with uniform ZrO₂ nanoparticles were prepared by combining an ion-exchange process with a traditional immersion precipitation process. Hydrous ZrO₂ sol was synthesized by addition of anion-exchange resin in N,N-dimethylformamide solvent containing zirconyl chloride. Homogeneous ZrO₂/PES casting solution was then obtained by dissolving PES polymer in the ZrO₂ sol. The existence and dispersion states of ZrO₂ nanoparticles in the resultant membrane matrix were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The results indicate that the ZrO₂ nanoparticles were well dispersed throughout the PES matrix and the diameter of the formed nanoparticles was about 5–10 nm. The hydrophilicity of the membranes was determined by measuring the contact angles. The antifouling property was determined by antifouling experiments and atomic force microscopy. The results confirm that the existence of ZrO₂ nanoparticles improves the hydrophilicity and reduces protein adsorption of membranes.     

Preparation and characterization of a hyperbranched polyethoxysiloxane based anti‐fouling coating

A hyperbranched polyethoxysiloxane was synthesized via hydrolytic polycondensation between methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), with hydrochloride acid as catalyst. FTIR, ¹H NMR, ²⁹Si NMR, and GPC measurements confirmed that the polyethoxysiloxane synthesized was indeed a hyperbranched polymer with a degree of branching of 0.67. It was also found that there were no silanol groups in polymer matrix. This quality can effectively enhance its storage stability. Based on the hyperbranched polyethoxysiloxane, a novel antifouling coating with high curing speed at ambient temperature was developed. The recipe and other technique parameters of the coating were revealed and investigated. Experiments indicate that the coating performs well as an antifouling agent and can be applied to various ceramic products. By using scanning electron microscope (SEM) to inspect the surface of a polished tile applied with the coating, the antifouling mechanism was studied and the results were explained in accordance with the penetrating and crosslinking of the macromolecules of hyperbrached polyethoxysiloxane into the microdefects on the surface of tiles. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5818–5824, 2006     

几种天然产物在海洋防污涂料中的应用研究

将天然产物齐墩果酸、蛇床子素和鱼藤酮作为防污剂,分别制备海洋防污涂料,在厦门海域检验其海区防污效能,并与已报道在厦门海域具防污效能的天然产物喜树碱进行比较,发现蛇床子素和鱼藤酮在海区挂板2个月内显示出一定的防污效能,齐墩果酸没有呈现出防污效能,而喜树碱的海区防污效能明显优于上述3种天然产物。另外,将喜树碱与鱼藤酮进行1∶1复配,并将这2种天然产物与氧化亚铜、N-(2,4,6-三氯苯基)马来酰亚胺(TCPM)和吡啶硫铜锌(ZPT)这3种防污(助)剂分别进行1∶1复配,共获得7种复配防污剂,制备相应的海洋防污涂料以检测其防污效能,发现喜树碱-TCPM、喜树碱-ZPT以及喜树碱-鱼藤酮这3种复配防污剂具良好的防污效能。进一步在上述涂料中选取了防污效能最优的含喜树碱涂料,在福建东山海域和海南陵水海域分别进行了海区挂板试验,结果表明含喜树碱涂料在这2个海域均显示出稳定、优异的防污效能,且期效可达13个月以上。文中研究为推进天然防污产物在海洋防污涂料中的应用进程提供了重要资料。     

海洋船舶防污涂料的研究进展

归纳并总结了目前世界各国先进的防污涂料及其防污剂的类型及特性，系统地阐述了防污涂料的经济意义及军事意义，以及未来环保涂料的发展趋势。     

功能性丙烯酸锌树脂的防污性能研究

通过海上挂板实验,对引入具有杀菌作用有机酸和辣素单体的功能性丙烯酸锌树脂的防污效果进行了测试;对比了由2种不同丙烯酸锌树脂制得的防污涂料与国外防污涂料的防污效果。结果表明,功能性丙烯酸锌树脂及由它制成的防污涂料均具有良好的防污性能。     

防污涂料的发展趋势

阐述防污涂料的发展趋势。从6个方面介绍不合有机金属化合物的防污剂和无毒防污涂料的研发现状。     

防污涂料的研究及其发展

叙述了海洋防污涂料的类型与研究现状,介绍了新型环保的低表面能防污涂层技术在海洋防污方面的应用,重点介绍了有机硅涂料、有机氟涂层以及绿色防污涂料国内外研究进展和应用现状,展望了海洋防污涂料技术发展前景.     

环境友好型海洋防污涂料的研究及发展

介绍了几种物理化学防污方法,详细介绍了环境友好型防污涂料的防污原理及研究、应用情况.