纳米量子点结构的自组织生长

所谓自组织生长纳米量子点 ,是具有较大晶格失配度的两种材料 ,依靠自身的应变能量 ,并以 Stranki- Krastanov(S- K)生长模式 ,在衬底表面上形成的具有一定形状、尺寸和密度的自然量子点结构。文中主要介绍了量子点自组织生长的基本原理、几种不同类型量子点的自组织生长及其光致发光特性。     

半导体量子点的自组织生长及其应用

所谓半导体量子点的自组织生长,是指具有较大晶格失配度的两种材料,依靠自身的应变能量,并以Ｓｔｒａｎｋｉ－Ｋｒａｓｔａｎｏｖ（Ｓ－Ｋ）生长模式,在衬底表面上形成的一定形状、尺寸和密度分布的自然量子点结构。本文主要介绍了纳米量子点的自组织生长,自组织生长最子点的发光特性及其在光电器件中的应用。     

半导体量子点自组织生长过程的控制

对控制半导体量子点的自组织生长进行了研究.在对平均场模型和非平均场模型计算机模拟结果分析的基础上,提出了利用隔离单元抑制量子点的熟化生长的方法来控制量子点的大小,并对生长过程进行了计算机模拟.结果表明通过将衬底表面的吸附原子海分割成一个个独立的隔离单元可以抑制量子点熟化生长,调节量子点的生长速度,达到制备大小均匀、排列有序的半导体量子点阵列的目的.     

半导体量子点自组织生长过程的控制

对控制半导体量子点的自组织生长进行了研究.在对平均场模型和非平均场模型计算机模拟结果分析的基础上,提出了利用隔离单元抑制量子点的熟化生长的方法来控制量子点的大小,并对生长过程进行了计算机模拟.结果表明通过将衬底表面的吸附原子海分割成一个个独立的隔离单元可以抑制量子点熟化生长,调节量子点的生长速度,达到制备大小均匀、排列有序的半导体量子点阵列的目的.     

半导体量子点自组织生长过程的控制

对控制半导体量子点的自组织生长进行了研究. 在对平均场模型和非平均场模型计算机模拟结果分析的基础上，提出了利用隔离单元抑制量子点的熟化生长的方法来控制量子点的大小，并对生长过程进行了计算机模拟. 结果表明通过将衬底表面的吸附原子海分割成一个个独立的隔离单元可以抑制量子点熟化生长，调节量子点的生长速度，达到制备大小均匀、排列有序的半导体量子点阵列的目的.     

SiO2膜的薄层化对自组织生长Si纳米量子点发光特性的影响

采用低压化学气相沉积方法,依靠纯SiH4气体的热分解反应,在SiO2表面上自组织生长了Si纳米量子点.实验研究了SiO2膜的薄层化对Si纳米量子点光致发光特性的影响.结果表明,当SiO2膜厚度减薄至6nm以下时,Si纳米量子点中的光生载流子会量子隧穿超薄SiO2层,并逃逸到单晶Si衬底中去,从而减少了光生载流子通过SiO2/Si纳米量子点界面区域内发光中心的辐射复合效率,致使光致发光强度明显减弱.测试温度的变化对Si纳米量子点光致发光特性的影响,则源自于光生载流子通过SiO2/Si纳米量子点界面区域附近非发光中心的非辐射复合所产生的贡献.     

SiO2膜的薄层化对自组织生长Si纳米量子点发光特性的影响

采用低压化学气相沉积方法,依靠纯SiH4气体的热分解反应,在SiO2表面上自组织生长了Si纳米量子点.实验研究了SiO2膜的薄层化对Si纳米量子点光致发光特性的影响.结果表明,当SiO2膜厚度减薄至6nm以下时,Si纳米量子点中的光生载流子会量子隧穿超薄SiO2层,并逃逸到单晶Si衬底中去,从而减少了光生载流子通过SiO2/Si纳米量子点界面区域内发光中心的辐射复合效率,致使光致发光强度明显减弱.测试温度的变化对Si纳米量子点光致发光特性的影响,则源自于光生载流子通过SiO2/Si纳米量子点界面区域附近非发光中心的非辐射复合所产生的贡献.     

定位生长量子点的金字塔形衬底的制备

在理想情况下,单光子是由量子点单光子源发光产生的。量子点单光子发射器件的制作主要利用自组织生长方法在图形衬底上结合光学微腔结构实现。采用金字塔形衬底制备量子点可实现量子点的高定位生长,该方法易于制备和隔离单光子源量子点。利用金字塔形衬底不但可以解决多个量子点占据同一个位置的问题,而且在金字塔形衬底上制备的量子点有利于光子的发射和收集。     

自组织量子点的优化生长

在不同生长条件下,生长低组分InGaAs/GaAs自组织量子点并且使用接触式AFM进行测量.通过对生长条件的优化,得到高密度、高均匀性的量子点MBE生长条件,这对于自组织量子点在器件方面的应用,比如量子点红外探测器和量子点激光器,是非常重要的.同时,还与优化的InAs/GaAs生长条件进行了比较.     

自组织量子点的优化生长

在不同生长条件下,生长低组分InGaAs/GaAs自组织量子点并且使用接触式AFM进行测量.通过对生长条件的优化,得到高密度、高均匀性的量子点MBE生长条件,这对于自组织量子点在器件方面的应用,比如量子点红外探测器和量子点激光器,是非常重要的.同时,还与优化的InAs/GaAs生长条件进行了比较.     

Self-assembled semiconductor structures: electronic andoptoelectronic properties

Strained epitaxy has been shown to produce pyramidal-shaped semiconductor dot structures by single-step epitaxy. The very high density of these dots (approaching per wafer) and their ever improving uniformity suggest that these features could have important applications in future microelectronics. Understanding the structural and electronic properties of these quantum dots is therefore of great importance. In this paper, we examine some of the physics controlling the performance of devices that could be made from such structures. The self-assembled quantum dots are highly strained and we will examine the strain tensor in these quantum dots using a valence force-field model. In this paper we will address the following issues: (1) What is the general nature of the strain tensor in self assembled quantum dots? (2) What are the electron and hole spectra for InAs-GaAs quantum dots? (a) What are the important intersubband radiative and nonradiative scattering processes in the self assembled quantum dots? In particular, we will discuss how the electron-phonon interactions are modified in the quantum dot structures. Consequences for uncooled intersubband devices such as lasers, detectors, and quantum transistors will be briefly discussed     

Size and shape modification of self assembled InAs quantum dots and stacked layers by in-situ etching

We present investigations of the structural and optical properties of in-situ etched, self assembled InAs islands using AsBr₃ within a molecular beam epitaxy system. This procedure allows reshaping and downsizing of quantum dots with atomic layer precision. The critical thickness of a second InAs layer on top of a thin GaAs layer covering a first InAs dot layer was investigated by RHEED using the 2D–3D transition due to the Stranski–Krastanov growth mode. In-situ etching of the GaAs spacer layer results in an array of small dips on the surface due to enhanced etching at locally strained areas. The dips influence the nucleation of the second dot layer.     

Quantum Confined Stark Effect and Temperature Dependencies of Photoluminescence of InAs Quantum Dots Coupled with AlGaAs/GaAs Two Dimensional Electron Gas

Semiconductors - In this work, Experimental study of the influence of internal electric field and the temperature on the photoluminescence of InAs self assembled quantum dots inserted in...     

Mn2+‐Doped CdSe Quantum Dots: New Inorganic Materials for Spin‐Electronics and Spin‐Photonics

Recent advances in the chemistry of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystal doping have led to new materials showing fascinating physical properties of potential technological importance. This article provides an overview of efforts to dope one of the most widely studied colloidal semiconductor nanocrystal systems, CdSe quantum dots, with one of the most widely studied transition‐metal dopant ions, Mn²⁺, and describes the major new physical properties that have emerged following successful synthesis of this material. These properties include spin‐polarizable excitonic photoluminescence, magnetic circular dichroism, exciton storage, and excitonic magnetic polaron formation. A brief survey of parallel advances in the characterization of analogous self‐assembled Mn²⁺‐doped quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy is also presented, and the physical properties of the colloidal quantum dots are shown to compare favorably with those of the self‐assembled quantum dots. The rich variety of physical properties displayed by colloidal Mn²⁺‐doped CdSe quantum dots highlights the attractiveness of this material for future fundamental and applied research.     

On‐the‐Spot Immobilization of Quantum Dots,Graphene Oxide,and Proteins via Hydrophobins

Class I hydrophobin Vmh2, a peculiar surface active and versatile fungal protein, is known to self‐assemble into chemically stable amphiphilic films, to be able to change wettability of surfaces, and to strongly adsorb other proteins. Herein, a fast, highly homogeneous and efficient glass functionalization by spontaneous self‐assembling of Vmh2 at liquid–solid interfaces is achieved (in 2 min). The Vmh2‐coated glass slides are proven to immobilize not only proteins but also nanomaterials such as graphene oxide (GO) and quantum dots (QDs). As models, bovine serum albumin labeled with Alexa 555 fluorophore, anti‐immunoglobulin G antibodies, and cadmium telluride QDs are patterned in a microarray fashion in order to demonstrate functionality, reproducibility, and versatility of the proposed substrate. Additionally, a GO layer is effectively and homogeneously self‐assembled onto the studied functionalized surface. This approach offers a quick and simple alternative to immobilize nanomaterials and proteins, which is appealing for new bioanalytical and nanobioenabled applications.     

利用低温生长法制备水纳米团簇和二维冰

利用低温扫描隧道显微镜(LT?STM)研究了水分子在高定向裂解石墨(HOPG)表面的低温吸附和薄膜生长.在低覆盖度下,水分子在HOPG表面会形成二聚体,三聚体,甚至更大的自组装纳米团簇.在高覆盖度下,水分子形成单分子层厚的二维水膜,其面内结构是非共边的六边形蜂窝状结构,类似于体材料的Ice?Ⅱ相.通过傅里叶变换和莫尔条纹分析,本文发现水膜和HOPG衬底之间存在不同的夹角,表明分子-衬底之间的相互作用很弱.     

Optical and morphological properties of In(Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots grown on novel index surfaces

Optical and morphological properties of self assembled In(Ga)As/GaAs quantum dot systems, grown on high index (N11) substrates, for a wide range of orientations, coverages and compositions, are presented and reviewed. The use of high Miller index substrate orientations permits to intervene on major quantum dots properties such as shape, size distribution, transition energy and emission polarisation, thus opening a wide range of device design opportunities.     

Enhanced Emission of (In,Ga) Nitride Nanowires Embedded with Self‐Assembled Quantum Dots

We report the structure and emission properties of ternary (In,Ga)N nanowires (NWs) embedded with self‐assembled quantum dots (SAQDs). InGaN NWs are fabricated by the reaction of In, Ga and NH₃ via a vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) mechanism, using Au as the catalyst. By simply varying the growth temperature, In‐rich or Ga‐rich ternary NWs have been produced. X‐ray diffraction, Raman studies and transmission electron microscopy reveal a phase‐separated microstructure wherein the isovalent heteroatoms are self‐aggregated, forming SAQDs embedded in NWs. The SAQDs are observed to dominate the emission behavior of both In‐rich and Ga‐rich NWs. Temperature‐dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements indicate relaxation of excited electrons from the matrix of the Ga‐rich NWs to their embedded SAQDs. A multi‐level band schema is proposed for the case of In‐rich NWs, which showed an anomalous enhancement in the PL peak intensity with increasing temperature accompanies with red shift in its peak position.