软岩巷道岩体力学参数反演方法及工程应用

为提高地下岩石工程参数的计算效率,采用正交试验方法进行岩体力学参数反演计算,并将弹性模量、黏聚力、内摩擦角和岩体抗拉强度选作试验参数,建立了巷道岩体等效力学参数反演优化模型。以曲江煤矿-850m水平软岩运输大巷为工程背景,在现场监测数据的基础上,用建立好的巷道围岩计算模型进行数值计算与回归分析,准确地建立了巷道围岩位移与岩体力学参数的函数关系。等效岩体力学参数识别结果表明,东大巷1 500m处,原支护情况下的安全系数Fs为0.97,巷道围岩处于不稳定状态,必须进行重新加强支护。最后,针对曲江煤矿-850m水平东运输返修巷道进行了稳定性评价,试验段巷道监测数据表明,东大巷返修后的围岩体力学强度大大提高,安全系数Fs为1.58,巷道围岩处于稳定状态,说明提出的"锚杆、金属网、喷浆、锚索、注浆和底板锚索"修复方案能很好地抑制巷道变形,从而也验证了软岩巷道岩体力学参数反演方法的有效性。     

SYC-1B型声波岩石参数测定仪

概述随着社会主义建设的蓬勃发展和战备的需要,我国地下建筑的规模越来越大,数量也越来越多。在这些地下工程的设计、施工及使用过程中,均需了解围岩岩体的物理及弹性力学参数,从而推断岩体的稳定情况。SYC-1B型声波岩石参数测定仪是我国近年来为完成上述任务研制的新型仪器,它是利用声频或略高于声频的弹性波,对岩体(或岩石)的物理及弹性力学参数进行测量的。     

含分形特征夹层岩体损伤与断裂过程的数值模拟

针对很难用解析方法描述和分析含分形特征夹层岩体裂纹的萌生、扩展和相互作用全过程的问题,基于岩石破裂过程分析系统RFPA2D,以大尺寸圆柱形砂岩试样为例,建立含天然分形特征夹层岩体的数值模拟模型,用统计强度理论Weibull分布描述试样天然分形特征夹层力学参数;通过设定夹层的节理粗糙度系数(Joint Roughness...     

新疆加甫沙尔苏地区中酸性小岩体型矿化蚀变遥感异常提取与找矿

中酸性小岩体的内部及附近的围岩中常形成与岩浆岩体有关的大型、超大型矿床,已成为找矿工作的一个重点方向。由于地质工作程度的限制,中酸性小岩体易被遗漏,严重制约了该类型矿化的发现。在新疆西准噶尔达尔布特断裂带下盘加甫沙尔苏地区找矿工作中,通过综合分析,提出了以遥感手段为主导的中酸性小岩体型矿化找矿模型:利用ASTER数据,通过图像增强处理、图像解译识别中酸性小岩体并提取蚀变遥感异常,结合地质、化探信息综合分析后确定重点检查区域。野外检查发现了加甫沙尔苏斑岩型钼矿化点,证实了该方法的有效性。该方法可以为西部地区中酸性小岩体型矿产资源勘查提供借鉴。     

抑制图像纹理的岩石节理裂隙检测

岩石节理裂隙图像由于噪声多、色彩复杂而分割困难,同时岩石节理裂隙检测在工程应用中又具有重要意义。将彩色图像从RGB转换到CIELAB色彩空间后,计算其方差图像。并将原始图像与方差图像相减得到图像的势能向量,同时利用小波系数进行加权,以此抑制岩体纹理噪声。最后,通过图像形态学方法获得边缘图像。实验结果表明,算法可以较好地抑制纹理噪声并能精确定位,以及获得理想的岩石节理裂隙边缘图像。     

不同角度单裂隙对类岩石加卸载强度影响的试验研究

天然岩体内部存在大量裂隙,严重削弱了岩体的强度和稳定性,含不同裂隙的岩体在加载和卸载条件下其力学特性有显著区别.为研究含不同角度(裂隙面与水平方向夹角)裂隙的岩体在加卸载时的力学特性,根据相似三定理,制备了含有五组不同角度裂隙(0°、30°、45°、75°、90°)的完整类岩石试件,对每组试件分别进行了单轴和三轴循环加卸载试验,研究裂隙倾角和加卸载对其峰值强度的影响.结果表明:随裂隙角度的增大,单轴峰值强度显著增加,弹性模量增大、而泊松比随角度增加呈现降低趋势;不同倾角的岩石循环加卸载强度随角度增加而增大;三轴峰值强度随裂隙倾角的增加而增大,但围压对裂隙试件强度影响明显,在三轴循环加卸载环境下,强度会随裂隙倾角增加而明显增大.     

型值点参数设定方法的研究

在反求工程中,由于型值点很多,会导致参数确定过程的计算量大幅度增加.为了提高速度,减少计算量提出反求工程中参数设定的方法,该方法通过设置给定的型值点对应的参数来反求控制点.最后,通过计算实例对该方法与其它算法得到的效果进行了比较.试验结果表明,该方法可以达到和已有方法相同的效果,并且计算量明显减少.     

暴雨强度公式参数提取的Matlab实现

针对暴雨强度公式中参数如何确定的问题,根据不同历时和重现期的暴雨强度资料,引入基于非线性最小二乘法原理的数学优化技术.首先利用Matlab中自带的软件编程求出的结果作为初始值,然后采用Excel规划求解得到最佳参数.实例计算结果表明,该算法确定的暴雨强度公式精度能满足国家规范要求,有效解决实际优化设计问题.     

含孔隙复合材料的力学性能分析

为研究孔隙率对复合材料力学性能的影响,基于细观力学方法,建立包含纤维、基体和孔隙三相的代表性体积单元（Representative Volume Element,RVE）.通过数值模拟得到不同孔隙率下复合材料的基本力学参数,并通过实验对比验证参数的有效性.将这些参数运用在复合材料层板的低速冲击模拟和压缩模拟中,研究孔隙率对复合材料层合板抗冲击性能和压缩强度的影响.     

岩土工程中岩土勘察的方法应用

岩土工程是指针对土木工程建设者使用的地质学及岩石力学相关技术,在工程中若使用岩土工程技术,以有效解决土木技术及岩石技术问题,优化工程质量,提升工程效率。而在岩土工程技术中,岩土勘察是重要构成部分之一,能为岩土工程提供科学、有效、合理、可靠的技术支持,做好铺垫,方便岩土工程展开后续工作。因此,深入探索岩土工程中岩土勘察方法的应用是当前重要研究内容之一。本文分析了岩土工程中岩土勘察的方法应用,首先概述了岩土勘察方法,随后分析了岩土工程中岩土勘察方法应用的类型,最后根据实际施工案例,探讨了工程概况、岩土勘察方法及工作量、工程地质条件、岩土工程分析及评价。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.