模糊CMAC的硬件结构分析及其FPGA实现

提出了模糊CMAC的一种基于FPGA的硬件实现方法。与其它FPGA实现的神经网络相比，包含了可以用于在线学习的权学习算法。分析了模糊CMAC的模型结构及其相应的硬件模块；用VHDL实现基于上述模块的模糊CMAC；对该模糊CMAC进行硬件综合与测试。测试结果表明：该模糊CMAC的FPGA实现方法是可行的，硬件化后的网络具有速度快、精度高、占用器件资源少的特点，是在SOPC中实现模糊CMAC模块的一种有效方法。     

模糊CMAC网络的FPGA实现

提出了模糊CMAC网络的一种基于FPGA的硬件实现方法,首先,给出了模糊CMAC网络的模型及其算法,通过MATLAB仿真获取了模糊CMAC网络的FPGA实现所需的参数;在此基础上,对模糊CMAC网络进行硬件模块划分,基于VHDL实现了各硬件模块的功能描述,并对模块结构和权存储方式进行了优化;最后,在特定的FPGA器件上实现了模糊CMAC网络;测试结果表明:该模糊CMAC网络的FPGA实现方法是可行的,硬件化后的网络具有速度快、精度高、占用器件资源少的特点,是SOPC中实现模糊CMAC网络模块的一种有效方法.     

基于FPGA的2-D模糊CMAC网络的硬件实现

提出了二维模糊CMAC网络的一种基于FPGA的硬件实现方法.首先,分析了模糊CMAC网络的结构与算法,并以Matlab仿真为依据,得到模糊CMAC网络的FPGA实现所需的参数;在此基础上,对模糊CMAC网络进行硬件模块划分,基于VHDL实现了各硬件模块的功能描述,并对模块结构和权存储方式进行了优化;最后,在特定的FPGA器件上实现了模糊CMAC网络.测试结果表明:该模糊CMAC网络硬件实现具有速度快、精度高的特点,且占用较少的硬件资源,是SOPC中实现模糊CMAC网络模块的一种有效方法.     

FCMAC的FPGA实现分析及其控制应用

提出了FCMAC（Fuzzy CMAC）的一种基于FPGA的硬件实现方法，与其他FPGA实现神经网络相比，它包含了可以用于在线学习的权学习算法。首先分析了FCMAC的模型结构及相应的硬件模块，然后基于VHDL语言实现了各模块的功能描述，最后将FPGA实现的FCMAC用于控制应用，并对控制器进行测试。实验结果表明，FCMAC的实现方案是可行的，控制器运算速度快、精度高，且具有较强的抗干扰性，是实现IP控制模块或单片智能控制的一种新的有效途径。     

基于PSO训练的NN-PID控制器设计及其FPGA实现

提出了一种基于PSO学习、VHDL描述和FPGA实现的NNPID控制器设计方法。首先借助MATLAB系统仿真工具,在闭环控制系统中通过PSO优化算法训练前馈网络,得到优化的NNPID控制器参数;然后在FPGA集成开发环境下进行控制器的VHDL层次化设计,重点研究单个神经元和前馈网络的结构以及实现方式;最后对该控制器进行了闭环时序测试,并在一个具体的FPGA器件上实现。研究结果表明,PSO用于NNPID控制器训练速度快,VHDL描述和FPGA实现该控制器时序验证方便,而且控制器具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于FPGA的模糊CMAC网络的硬件实现

提出了模糊CMAC网络的一种基于FPGA的硬件实现方法。首先,分析了模糊CMAC网络的结构与算法,并以MAT-LAB仿真为依据,得到模糊CMAC网络的FPGA实现所需的参数;在此基础上,对模糊CMAC网络进行硬件模块划分,基于VHDL实现了各硬件模块的功能描述,并对模块结构进行了优化;最后,在特定的FPGA器件上实现了模糊CMAC网络。测试结果表明:该模糊CMAC网络硬件实现具有速度快、精度高的特点,且占用较少的硬件资源,是SOPC中实现模糊CMAC网络模块的一种有效方法。     

一种CMAC网络模型及其在机器人控制中的应用

小脑模型关节控制器（CMAC）具有学习算法简单、在线学习速度快的优点,非常适于机器人等复杂系统的自适应控制,本文阐述了CMAC的原理,证明了其收敛性,提出了一种适合于机器人轨迹跟踪控制的CMAC,并给出了仿真实验结果。     

基于CMAC神经网络改善振筒式传感器静态特性

利用小脑模型连接控制器(CMAC)神经网络的非线性函数逼近,并以振筒式压力测试系统为例,提出了一种综合修正传感器静态误差的新方法。计算机仿真与实验结果表明:该方法能够有效改善传感器的输出特性,并且速度快、精度高、鲁棒性强,便于用硬件实现。     

智能控制与复合控制在二阶时变纯滞后对象的应用研究

针对二阶时变纯滞后对象难以控制的问题,提出了采用改进Smith预估器提高系统的稳定性和鲁棒性;采用CMAC和PID并行控制的算法来提高动态性能;以CMAC神经网络作为一个前馈控制器,通过对PID控制器输出的学习,实现二阶变时滞系统的自适应稳定控制。仿真实验表明,这种复合控制方法保留了Smith算法与CMAC神经网络和PID算法的各自特长,具有学习速度快,适应能力强、动态性能好的优点,具有良好的稳定性控制效果。     

基于FPGA的PCI目标接口控制器的设计与实现

给出了一种基于FPGA实现PCI总线目标模块接口控制器的设计方案，并在Xilinx Foundation环境下通过VHDL源程序进行仿真、逻辑综合后下载到Xilinx公司生产的2万门的FPGA—XCS20内。     

Research on the intelligent control algorithm for a robot joint actuated by McKibben muscles

A compound control algorithm is supposed to a robot joint actuated by McKibben muscles, which combines both CMAC control and PID control. The CMAC feedforward compensator realizes the joint system’s dynamic model. The PID controller realizes the feedback control in order to guarantee the system’s stability. The compound controller’s output takes control of the system’s actions. By the CMAC learning process, the PID output tends to zero, and the final controlled action is directed by the CMAC controller. Digital simulation results prove that this compound control algorithm has the very high tracking capacity, interference immunity, and quick system response.     

基于MATLAB的新型CMAC控制器的设计与仿真

在小脑神经网络(CMAC)与PID并行控制的基础上,提出了一种新型的CMAC控制器,即FCMAC控制器。这种把小脑神经网络与模糊控制(Fuzzy)结合起来的控制方法,具有两种控制方法的优点。本文中以某交流伺服电机作为控制对象,用MATLAB进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,FCMAC控制器具有较高的控制精度、良好的自适应特性。     

Adaptive CMAC neural control of chaotic systems with a PI-type learning algorithm

The cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC) has the advantages such as fast learning property, good generalization capability and information storing ability. Based on these advantages, this paper proposes an adaptive CMAC neural control (ACNC) system with a PI-type learning algorithm and applies it to control the chaotic systems. The ACNC system is composed of an adaptive CMAC and a compensation controller. Adaptive CMAC is used to mimic an ideal controller and the compensation controller is designed to dispel the approximation error between adaptive CMAC and ideal controller. Based on the Lyapunov stability theorems, the designed ACNC feedback control system is guaranteed to be uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, the ACNC system is applied to control two chaotic systems, a Genesio chaotic system and a Duffing–Holmes chaotic system. Simulation results verify that the proposed ACNC system with a PI-type learning algorithm can achieve better control performance than other control methods.     

Integral variable structure control of nonlinear system using a CMAC neural network learning approach.

This work presents a novel integral variable structure control (IVSC) that combines a cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC) neural network and a soft supervisor controller for use in designing single-input single-output (SISO) nonlinear system. Based on the Lyapunov theorem, the soft supervisor controller is designed to guarantee the global stability of the system. The CMAC neural network is used to perform the equivalent control on IVSC, using a real-time learning algorithm. The proposed IVSC control scheme alleviates the dependency on system parameters and eliminates the chattering of the control signal through an efficient learning scheme. The CMAC-based IVSC (CIVSC) scheme is proven to be globally stable inasmuch all signals involved are bounded and the tracking error converges to zero. A numerical simulation demonstrates the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed controller.     

应用信度分配的模糊CMAC实现非线性系统的容错控制

The adaptive fault-tolerant control scheme of dynamic nonlinear system based on the credit assigned fuzzy CMAC neural network is presented. The proposed learning approach uses the learned times of addressed hypercubes as the credibility, the amounts of correcting errors are proportional to the inversion of the learned times of addressed hypercubes. With this idea, the learning speed can indeed be improved. Based on the improved CMAC learning approach and using the sliding control technique, the effective control law reconfiguration strategy is presented. Thesystem stability and performance are analyzed under failure scenarios. The numerical simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of the improved CMAC algorithm and the proposed fault-tolerant controller.     

一种基于小脑模型关节控制器评论-策略家的机器人跟踪控制算法

本文提出了一种基于小脑模型关节控制器(CMAC)的评论–策略家算法,设计不依赖模型的跟踪控制器,来解决机器人的跟踪问题.该跟踪控制器包含位置控制器和角度控制器,其输出分别为线速度和角速度.位置控制器由评价单元和策略单元组成,每个单元都采用CMAC算法,按改进δ学习规则在线调整权值.策略单元产生控制量;评判单元在线调整策略单元学习速率.以双轮驱动自主移动机器人为例,与固定学习速率CMAC做比较,仿真数据表明,基于CMAC的评论–策略家算法的跟踪控制器具有跟踪速度快,自适应能力强,配置参数范围宽,不依赖数学模型等特点.     

Standalone CMAC Control System With Online Learning Ability

A cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC) control system, which contains only one single-input controller implemented by a differentiable CMAC, is proposed in this paper. In the proposed scheme, the CMAC controller is solely used to control the plant, and no conventional controller is needed. Without a preliminary offline learning, the single-input CMAC controller can provide the control effort to the plant at each online learning step. To train the differentiable CMAC online, the gradient descent algorithm is employed to derive the learning rules. The sensitivity of the plant, with respect to the input, is approximated by a simple formula so that the learning rules can be applied to unknown plants. Moreover, based on a discrete-type Lyapunov function, conditions on the learning rates guaranteeing the convergence of the output error are derived in this paper. Finally, simulations on controlling three different plants are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.      

基于平衡学习的CMAC神经网络非线性滑模容错控制

以一改进的信度分配CMAC(cerebellar model articulation controllers)神经网络为在线故障诊断的手段,将变结构滑模摔制技术引入容错控制器设计之中,提出一种动态非线性系统主动容错控制方法.在常规CMAC学习算法中,误差被平均地分配给所有被激活的存储单元,不管各存储单元存储数据(权值)的可信程度.改进的CMAC中,利用激活单元先前学习次数作为可信度,其误差校正值与激活单元先前学习次数的-p次方成比例,从而提高神经网络的在线学习速度和精度;在此基础上利用滑模控制算法进行容错控制律的在线重构,实现动态非线性系统在线故障诊断与容错控制的集成.分析了系统的稳定性,仿真结果表明改进故障学习算法及容错控制的有效性.     

A genetic algorithm based robust learning credit assignment cerebellar model articulation controller

In this paper, a novel approach of genetic algorithm based robust learning credit assignment cerebellar model articulation controller (GCA-CMAC) is proposed. The cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC) is a neurological model, which has an attractive property of learning speed. However, the distributions of errors into the addressed hypercubes of CMAC are not proportional to their credibility and may cause unacceptable learning performance. The credit assignment CMAC (CA-CMAC) can solve this problem by using the creditability of hypercubes that the calculated errors are assigned proportional to the inverse of learning times. Afterward, the obtained learning times can be optimized by genetic algorithm (GA) to increase its accuracy. In this paper, the proposed algorithm is to combine credit assignment ideas and GA to provide accurate learning for CMAC. Moreover, we embed the robust learning approach into the GCA-CMAC and dynamically adjust the learning constant for training data with noise or outliers. From simulation results, it shows that the proposed algorithm outperforms other CMACs.     

基于改进的CMAC神经网络与PID并行控制的研究

提出一种改进的CMAC神经网络控制算法,利用满打满葬单元的先前学习次数作为可信度;将改进的CMAC与PID实现复合控制,由CMAC控制器实现前馈控制,PID控制实现反馈控制;仿真表明,改进算法的响应速度和精度有一定的改善。