纤维吸声材料的研究进展

纤维类材料具有质轻、简便和吸声能力强的特点,是应用极为广泛的吸声材料。综述了有机纤维、无机纤维、金属纤维、复合纤维和纤维复合材料等吸声材料的研究进展,概述了材料厚度、空腔厚度、结构特征、孔隙率、纤维直径和纤维种类等因素对吸声性能的影响。     

发泡聚合物──无机物复合吸声材料的研究

吸声材料是吸声降噪的主要材料，本文研制的发泡聚合物－无机物复合吸声材料是一种性能优良的新型吸声材料，它的吸声性能尤其是中低频吸声性能明显优于其它吸声材料。本文重点讨论了材料厚度、容重、无机物含量、无机物粒度、加热时间对材料吸声性能的影响。     

发泡聚合物——无机物复合吸声材料的天空

吸声材料是吸声降噪的主要材料，本文研制的发泡聚合物－无机物复合吸声材料是一种性能优良的新型吸声材料，它的吸声性能尤其是中低频吸声性能明显优于其它吸声材料，本文重点讨论了材料厚度，容重，无机物含量，无机物粒度，加热时间对材料吸声性能的影响。     

PVC／EPR／岩棉发泡复合材料吸声性能的研究

以ＰＶＣ树脂,ＥＰＲ和岩棉为主要原材料用发泡方法制 种中低频吸声性能优良的新型泡沫吸声材料。它具有成本低,工艺简单的特点。它使它在建筑材料和装饰材料等行业中具有广阔的应用前景。本文详细讨论了ＥＰＲ用量,岩棉用量,空隙率和交联剂对该材料吸声性能的影响,结果表明,它们都是影响吸声性能的重要因素。此外,对增塑 发泡时间及温度对空隙率的影响也作了简要介绍。     

聚氯乙烯基混合吸声材料的研究

将聚氯烯及其共混发泡材料与无机吸声材料混合,研制了一种新型吸声物材料,其平均吸声系数为0．5左右,尤其是中低频吸声性能,明显优于其它吸声材料,文中讨论了厚度,容重,无机物含量及粒径分布等因素对吸声性能的影响,并对瑞利模型基础上建立了吸声系数与存度关系的数学模型。     

聚合物岩棉发泡复合材料吸声性能的研究

以聚氯乙烯、乙丙橡胶和岩棉为主要原料制成了一种新型泡沫吸声材料 ,它具有成本低、强度大、阻燃防潮和中低频吸声性能优异的优点。讨论了容重、厚度及表面处理对该材料吸声性能的影响 ,并且把它的吸声性能与聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料的吸声性能作了比较。结果表明 ,容重、厚度及表面处理等对聚合物 岩棉发泡复合材料吸声性能有极大的影响 ,这种泡沫吸声材料的吸声性能比聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料的要好得多     

水镁石纤维增强的水泥基吸声材料的研制

利用分散性良好的水镁石纤维做增强剂,以硫铝酸盐水泥和膨胀珍珠岩为主要原料,辅以引气剂、减水剂等添加剂,制备了具有致密、均匀、细微的相互贯通孔结构的多孔吸声材料。重点考察膨胀珍珠岩、减水剂、引气剂、水镁石纤维含量对吸声系数的影响。结果表明：膨胀珍珠岩、引气剂、减水剂对材料吸声性能均有较大影响,掺入水镁石纤维能在增加材料机械强度的同时,显著提高材料吸声性能,尤其在低频500Hz和高频2000Hz处吸声性能,水镁石纤维含量越大,吸声性能越好。     

纤维类吸声材料的研究进展

纤维材料以其在中高频段良好的吸声效果而被广泛应用于减震降噪领域,特别在航天航空、建筑、汽车等领域受到了国内外学者们的高度关注。其优异的吸声性能得益于材料内部大量的微孔和缝隙,当声波进入材料时,纤维与空气之间的摩擦以及纤维自身的振动等作用将使声能转化为热能而耗散。传统的纤维材料虽然具有良好的吸声效果,但仍存在以下问题:(1)纤维材料对低频段声波的吸收效果并不理想,对低频噪音防护效果差;(2)具有较好吸声效果的纤维材料通常较厚且易变形,使用范围大大受限;(3)传统纤维材料的强力较低、化学稳定性较差且使用寿命较短,更新和维护成本高。随着新材料和新技术的不断开发和完善,对纤维材料的研究已不再局限于使用单一材料及传统的改变结构的方式,而是利用新材料和新技术,着力于开发出吸声性能优异、综合性能良好且厚度适宜的新型材料。目前,国内外学者对纤维吸声材料的研究主要集中于:(1)天然纤维复合材料及废弃纤维吸声材料的研究与开发;(2)将传统纤维材料与纳米纤维层复合以改善其在低频段的吸收效率;(3)纤维材料组织结构变化对吸声性能影响的研究及理论模型的建立。本文简要介绍了纤维类吸声材料的吸声机理、常见的吸声理论模型,重点阐述了纤维类吸声材料的国内外研究进展,归纳了常见材料的测试方法及影响材料吸声性能的相关因素,最后讨论和分析了纤维吸声材料的性能优化及结构设计。     

聚合物岩棉复合泡沫吸声材料的研制

本文利用PVC、EPR和岩棉等原料用一次化学发泡法制成一种中低频、吸声性能优良的吸声材料 ,该吸声材料具有成本低、工艺简单、使用寿命长、阻燃防腐等优点。本文重点讨论了EPR用量、发泡时间、发泡温度、增塑剂用量、厚度等因素对吸声性能的影响 ,并对吸声机理做了简单的探讨     

聚合物基复合泡沫材料的吸声机理

本文采用一次性化学发泡工艺制成了一种吸声性能优良的新型泡沫吸声材料。运用正交试验确定了最佳的配方和工艺条件。文中研究了发泡剂用量、乙丙橡胶用量等因素对材料吸声性能的影响 ,详细讨论了聚合物基泡沫吸声材料的吸声机理     

石膏基多孔复合吸声材料的研究

以高强石膏为主要原料,内掺玻璃纤维,在发泡剂的作用下,制备出一种新型多孔吸声材料,采用驻波管法测试材料的吸声系数。研究结果表明,纤维、发泡剂、水灰比及厚度对材料吸声性能有显著影响。当玻璃纤维含量为3%、发泡剂含量为0.4%、水灰比为0.7时材料的综合性能最佳。材料的降噪系数达0.6,中低频吸声性能较佳。     

高效纤维-石膏功能复合吸声材料的研制

以高强石膏为胶凝材料,内掺玻璃纤维,制备出一种新型多孔吸声材料.实验发现,孔隙率、平均孔径大小、玻璃纤维含量、发气剂含量对材料吸声性能有显著影响.采用驻波管法测试材料的吸声系数.结果表明材料的平均吸声系数和降噪系数分别达0.58和0.60,且材料的中低频吸声性能优良.     

Hydration-induced reinforcement of rigid polyurethane–cement foams: mechanical and functional properties

Mechanical and functional properties of a newly proposed hybrid foam based on rigid polyurethane foam and Portland cement for application in the building field are herein reported. The hybrid is characterized by the co-continuity of the two phases, hydrated cement and polyurethane, which cooperate in a synergistic way to the properties of the resulting material. Furthermore, the closed-cell foam structure gives the material properties typical of porous materials: in particular, the hybrid foam evidences thermal insulation, sound absorption and acoustic insulation, high impact energy and low density typical of polymeric foams. At the same time, the hybrid foam exhibits water vapor permeability, improvement of thermal stability, high compressive mechanical behavior, and adhesion to concrete and mortars typical of inorganic binders such as cement. The materials were obtained by mixing cement powder with polyurethane foam precursors, i.e., methylene di(phenyl-isocyanate), polyol polyether and catalysts, and silicone surfactants. Water was used as blowing reagent. The resulting compounds were foamed in flat closed molds. The cement phase was then allowed to hydrate in accelerated conditions, i.e., in water at 60?°C for 72?h. Mechanical, morphological, and functional characterization showed that the hydrated cement particles interacted with each other, forming an inorganic network within the polymeric matrix (co-continuity), thus “hydration-induced reinforcement of polymer–cement” hybrid foam, in contraposition with the term “composite foam.”     

泡沫镍吸声性能的研究

本文详细的研究了泡沫镍中高频的吸声性能。试验表明：泡沫镍是一种性能优良的吸声材料,在高频具有较高的吸声系数;通过吸声结构的设计可以提高其在低频的吸声性能。     

Editorial

In this study the Taguchi method is used to find the optimal process parameters for aluminium foam manufacturing. Porous metals are the unique materials used for light weight structural components, for filters and electrodes and for shock or sound absorbing products. Recently, interesting foaming technology developments have proposed metallic foams as a valid commercial chance. Metallic foam manufacturing techniques include solid state powder methods, gas blowing processes, metal deposition onto a polymer precursor and liquid state processing. The aluminium foams presented in this study are produced by the powder metallurgy route starting from aluminium powders with titanium hydride as the foaming agent. During the experimental work, many samples are made by utilizing the combination of process parameters based on Taguchi orthogonal design. Three manufacturing parameters are studied: the silicon carbide content in powder mixture, the compaction pressure and the foaming temperature. The Taguchi method is applied to design an orthogonal experimental array and a multi-objective optimization approach is then proposed by simultaneously minimizing the relative density and maximizing the absorbed energy. Verification test is also performed to prove the effectiveness of the presented technique.     

Correlation between the acoustic and dynamic mechanical properties of natural rubber foam: Effect of foaming temperature

Acoustic absorbing foam materials are produced from dry natural rubber (NR) with the addition of sodium bicarbonate as a blowing agent. The acoustical efficiencies of NR foams were studied, and the results show a significant influence of the viscoelastic and damping properties of the base matrix. Both of these properties are governed by the average cell size, relative density, crosslink density and number of cells per unit volume. The lowest foaming temperature, 140 °C, yielded the NR foam (NR 140) with the highest relative density, crosslink density, smallest average cell size and greatest number of cells per unit volume. Consequently, these foam cell characteristics resulted in a superior sound absorption coefficient and a high storage modulus, which indicates that the NR 140 foam exhibits a better elastic behavior. On the other hand, the NR foam that expanded at 160 °C (NR 160) exhibited great potential for insulating sound and possessed good damping properties, which was characterized by its high transmission loss and tan δ values.     

镁合金表面TaC/TaC-Mg/Mg梯度涂层的 残余热应力分析

采用间歇式挤出发泡工艺制备淀粉/PVA复合发泡材料。在淀粉含量固定、甘油作为增塑剂的情况下,研究偶氮二甲酰胺（AC发泡剂）与聚乙烯醇（PVA）的含量对发泡材料的表观密度、发泡倍率、相对硬度、吸水性能、回弹性能以及压缩性能等的影响。结果表明：随着PVA含量的升高,复合材料的表观密度和压缩模量减小,回弹性能变好。PVA含量对吸水率影响不明显,吸水率稳定在20%左右。吸水至饱和状态后,相对硬度随着PVA含量的增加而不断增加。随AC发泡剂含量的升高,复合材料的表观密度减小,相对硬度降低,发泡倍率和回弹率增加,材料的泡孔孔径逐渐增大但是发泡孔径的均匀性变差。当PVA、AC发泡剂的添加质量分数分别为30%, 1%时,复合材料性能最优。     

孔结构对通孔泡沫铝水声吸声性能的影响

测试了不同孔结构通孔泡沫铝样品在 3～ 2 4kHz频段内的水声吸声系数。试验结果表明 :不同孔结构的通孔泡沫铝都具有较好的水声吸声性能 ,其水声吸声性能与其孔结构密切相关。当孔径减小 ,孔隙率和厚度增大时 ,水声吸声性能增高