LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4/Ag复合材料的制备及其电化学性能

采用流变相法合成LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4粉末。以甲醛为还原剂,采用化学镀法制备LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/Ag复合材料。通过X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜分析以及电化学测试等手段对LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/Ag的微观结构、表面形貌和电化学性能进行研究。结果表明:在LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/Ag中,LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4表面被包覆一层分散均匀且颗粒大小均匀的Ag,Ag颗粒的大小为200～300nm。Ag颗粒的存在增加LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4颗粒之间的电子导电性,降低电池的极化作用,减少锰的溶解,使得LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/Ag具有比LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4更高的可逆容量、更稳定的循环性能和更好的倍率性能。以0.2C放电时,LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/Ag的首次放电容量达到143.8mA·h/g;而经100次循环后,以0.2C和2.0C放电时,LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/Ag的容量保持率分别达到99.2%和86.8%。     

掺Cr对锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O_2电化学性能的影响(英文)

采用低温燃烧法合成了锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.5Mn0.5-xCrxO2(x=0,0.01,0.02,0.05,0.1),研究了Cr取代部分Mn对其结构和电化学性能的影响。充放电测试结果表明:Cr取代部分Mn对正极材料LiNi0.5Mn0.5-xCrxO2的电化学性能有重要的影响,用适量的Cr取代Mn(x=0.02)能够提高正极材料的放电比容量和循环稳定性。X射线衍射(XRD)分析和循环伏安(CV)测试显示,Cr对Mn的适量取代能抑制正极材料中的阳离子混排,降低电极材料的极化,改善其可逆性能。LiNi0.5Mn0.48Cr0.02O2在2.5~4.6 V之间以0.1 C速率充放电,首次放电容量为179.9 mAh/g,第50次循环放电容量仍保有171.0 mAh/g,容量保持率达到95.1%     

球形高电压LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4的制备及其电化学性能

以化学共沉淀法制备的球形Ni0.25Mn0.75CO3为前驱体合成高电压正极材料LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4,探讨用前驱体与Li2CO3直接反应和用前驱体分解后的氧化物与Li2CO3反应两种工艺路线对LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4形貌和电化学性能的影响。用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对Ni0.25Mn0.75CO3前驱体和LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4样品进行表征,用充放电测试和循环伏安法对LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4样品进行电化学性能研究。结果表明:两种方法合成的LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4均具有尖晶石型结构。但以前驱体Ni0.25Mn0.75CO3直接与Li2CO3反应合成的LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4的一次粒子颗粒较大,形貌较差,性能也较差;而以前驱体分解后的氧化物与Li2CO3反应合成的LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4的形貌及性能均较好。在3.0~4.9 V的电压范围内,1C倍率下电池的放电比容量达到136.3 mA.h/g,循环100次仍有126.5 mA.h/g,且材料具有较好的倍率性能;5C倍率下的首次放电比容量高达120.7 mA.h/g。     

共沉积Co3O4-石墨负极材料及其在锂离子电池中的循环性能

在0.5 mol/L Co(NO3)2溶液中添加石墨粉,在铜箔集流体的表面电化学共沉积前驱体薄膜,然后在245℃真空热处理使之形成Co3O4-石墨粉复合负极材料.研究了共沉积Co3O4-石墨负极材料在锂离子电池中的循环性能.XRD分析和SEM观察表明,该电极材料结构由蜂窝状的Co3O4包覆石墨粉复合而成,Co3O4晶粒尺寸为0.7～2.2 nm.0.5C充放电倍率测试表明,在0.5 mol/L Co(NO3)2电解液中添加5%石墨粉形成的Co3O4-石墨复合材料负极的性能最好,该电极的初始充电比容量为872.7 mA·h/g,第20周循环的充电比容量为732.7mA·h/g,第50周循环的充电比容量为545.2 mA·h/g,比容量保持率分别为83.96%和62.47%;而纯Co3O4电极的初始充电比容量为665.3 mA·h/g,经过20次循环后充电比容量为407.9 mA·h/g,第50周循环的充电比容量为124.5mA·h/g,保持率仅分别为61.31%和18.31%.     

层状LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2正极材料的多元掺杂改性

采用共沉淀法制备锂离子电池掺杂型层状LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3-xMxO2(M=Mg、Al、Cr)正极材料。采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、充放电实验和交流阻抗实验对LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3-xMxO2正极材料的结构、形貌、电化学性能以及动力学参数进行表征。结果表明:当掺杂量x=0.05时,Mg2+、Al3+掺杂的正极材料在2.8～4.3V、0.1C下的首次放电比容量分别为139.2、151.6mA·h/g,20次循环后的容量保持率分别为98.8%和96.7%;掺杂Mg2+或Al3+均能提高LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2的交换电流密度和锂离子扩散系数。结合实验结果和掺杂离子的离子半径和化学稳定性,解释了掺杂离子在LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2晶格中的占位及其在充放电过程中的作用。     

V_2O_5包覆对Li_(1.6)(Fe_(0.2)Ni_(0.2)Mn_(0.6))O_(2.6)材料的表面改性（英文）

在采用低温共沉淀-水热-煅烧法合成锂离子电池Fe-Ni-Mn体系正极材料Li1.6(Fe0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6)O2.6的基础上,对合成的材料Li1.6(Fe0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6)O2.6进行V2O5的包覆改性研究,以提高材料Li1.6(Fe0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6)O2.6的首次放电比容量和循环性能。用XRD、SEM、TEM、ICP光谱和恒流充放电测试研究包覆材料的结构和电化学性能。结果表明,V2O5包覆并没有改变材料的晶体结构,只存在于材料的表面,与未包覆的材料相比,V2O5包覆后的材料具有更好的首次放电容量和容量保持率。50周循环后,添加质量分数3%V2O5样品Li1.6(Fe0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6)O2.6的放电比容量可以维持在200.3 mAh/g,大于未添加V2O5样品Li1.6(Fe0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6)O2.6的194.0 mAh/g。CV测试表明,包覆层的存在有效抑制了材料层状结构的转变及电极与电解液的负反应。     

锂离子电池负极材料Li_4Ti_5O_(12)的原位水解合成与表征

以TiCl_4水溶液和LiOH·H_2O为原料,采用原位水解与后续热处理相结合的方法制备尖晶石型锂离子电池用负极材料Li_4Ti_5O_(12).结果表明:从TiCl_4水溶液原位水解合成Li_4Ti_5O_(12)经历由TiCl_4→TiO_2→Li_2TiO_3→Li_4Ti_5O_(12) 3个阶段的原位相转变过程;TiCl_4水溶液的浓度及稳定性对合成Li_4Ti_5O_(12)的结构有较大的影响;随着TiCl_4浓度的增加,合成纯Li_4Ti_5O_(12)所需的水解时间延长;以0.5 mol/L TiCl_4水溶液水解1 h、以添加1.0 mol/L LiCl的0.5 mol/L TiCl_4水溶液水解3 h、以1.0 mol/L与1.5 mol/L TiCl_4水溶液水解5 h均可获得纯Li_4Ti_5O_(12);由低浓度TiCl_4水溶液合成的Li_4Ti_5O_(12)循环性能优良.     

Fe~(3+)/Fe~(2+)氧化还原电解液在高性能聚苯胺/SnO_2超级电容器中的应用（英文）

报道Fe3+/Fe2+氧化还原电解液在聚苯胺/SnO2超级电容器中的应用,研究不同浓度的Fe3+/Fe2+离子对与1 mol/L H2SO4溶液组成的氧化还原电解液在超级电容器中的赝电容行为。用循环伏安法、恒电流充放电法和交流阻抗法对超级电容器的电化学性能进行研究。当Fe3+/Fe2+浓度为0.4 mol/L时,超级电容器的性能最好,其在1A/g电流密度下的比容量达到1172 F/g。将聚苯胺/SnO2超级电容器进行长期的循环实验,经过充放电循环2000次后,其起始容量保持率达到88%。实验结果表明,使用Fe3+/Fe2+氧化还原电解液来提高能量储存装置的性能具有很好的前景。     

初始Li/(Mn+Ni)摩尔比对LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2电化学性能的影响

以Li2CO3,MnCO3和Ni(OH)2为原料,采用一步固相反应制备锂离子电池层状结构正极材料LiNi0.5-Mn0.5O2,采用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对其结构和形貌进行表征,并研究配料时不同初始Li/(Mn Ni)摩尔比(1.0,1.05,1.1,1.2,1.5)对LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2电化学性能的影响。X射线衍射结果表明,在600℃预烧12 h而后800℃烧结24 h的条件下各样品结晶完整,初始Li/(Mn Ni)摩尔比为1.5时样品有未知相杂质生成。扫描电镜分析表明,随着初始Li/(Mn Ni)摩尔比的增大,颗粒团聚加剧。电化学测试结果表明,随着初始Li/(Mn Ni)摩尔比(≥1.05)的提高,初始容量有下降趋势。初始Li/(Mn Ni)摩尔比为1.05和1.1时样品首次放电容量分别为167.0 mA.h/g和147.2 mA.h/g,循环20次后容量保持率分别为88.2%和97.8%。     

磷酸三乙酯与稀土铈(Ⅳ)离子在盐酸溶液中对Cu的缓蚀协同效应

采用电化学阻抗和动电位极化曲线研究了磷酸三乙酯(TEP)对Cu在0.5 mol/L盐酸溶液中的缓蚀作用,考察了TEP与稀土Ce4+对Cu在0.5 mol/L盐酸溶液中的协同作用。结果表明,在TEP浓度不变的情况下,随着Ce4+浓度的增加,缓蚀率先增后减,当Ce4+浓度为1.0 mmol/L时,缓蚀效果最好。在Ce4+浓度不变的情况下,随着TEP浓度的增加,缓蚀率逐渐增大。当复配缓蚀剂浓度为1 mmol/LCe4++58.7 mmol/L TEP时,其缓蚀率达到最大,为80.6%。     

柠檬酸盐水溶液中二价钴的电化学还原过程（英文）

采用循环伏安法(CV)和电化学交流阻抗法(EIS),研究不同柠檬酸盐浓度和pH下钴的电化学还原过程。结果表明:在组成为0.05 mol/L CoSO4·5H2O、0.20 mol/L Na2SO4和0~0.40 mol/L C6H5O7Na3·2H2O,pH为3~9的溶液中,二价钴以游离Co2+离子和[Co(C6H5O7)]配合物两种形态存在,并在电极表面被还原。溶液的pH对钴的电化学还原过程有显著的影响。当柠檬酸盐溶液的pH为3时,钴主要以游离Co2+离子的形态被还原;当溶液为弱酸性(pH=4~6)时,钴主要以[Co(C6H5O7)]-的形态被还原为Co0,还原过程分两步进行,中间产物在电极表面发生吸附;当柠檬酸盐水溶液的pH大于7时,形成的柠檬酸钴配合物主要是[Co(C6H5O7)]-和[Co(C6H4O7)]2-,这两种配合物非常稳定,其还原电位负于溶液的析氢电位,因此难以从该溶液中还原得到Co0。     

Influence of Cr-Substitution on the Electrochemical Performance of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries

采用低温燃烧法合成了锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.5Mn0.5-xCrxO2(x=0,0.01,0.02,0.05,0.1),研究了Cr取代部分Mn对其结构和电化学性能的影响。充放电测试结果表明:Cr取代部分Mn对正极材料LiNi0.5Mn0.5-xCrxO2的电化学性能有重要的影响,用适量的Cr取代Mn(x=0.02)能够提高正极材料的放电比容量和循环稳定性。X射线衍射(XRD)分析和循环伏安(CV)测试显示,Cr对Mn的适量取代能抑制正极材料中的阳离子混排,降低电极材料的极化,改善其可逆性能。LiNi0.5Mn0.48Cr0.02O2在2.5~4.6 V之间以0.1 C速率充放电,首次放电容量为179.9 mAh/g,第50次循环放电容量仍保有171.0 mAh/g,容量保持率达到95.1%     

纳米结构尖晶石型锂离子电池电极材料的研究进展

综述了近年来纳米结构尖晶石型锂离子电池电极材料（LiMn2O4、LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4和Li4Ti5O12）的研究进展,重点对纳米结构与电化学性能之间的关联性进行了总结和探讨,并对纳米结构电极材料的发展前景进行了展望。     

Effect of ball milling and electrolyte on properties of high-voltage LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4 spinel

1 INTRODUCTIONRecently ,several research groups have repor-ted transition-metal-substituted spinel materials(Li MxMn2 -xO4, M: Cr , Co , Fe , Ni , Cu) withhigh-voltage plateaus above 4 .5 V[1 5]. Amongthese materials ,Li Ni0 .5Mn1 .5O4is the most prom-ising and attractive one because of its good cyclicproperty and relatively high capacity with a plateauat around 4 .7 V[3 ,6].Now, a variety of methods were used forpreparation of Li Ni0 .5Mn1 .5O4,such as solid-statereaction[4 ,7 ,8]…     

5 V正极材料LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4的草酸共沉淀法合成及性能

通过草酸共沉淀法成功合成了5 V正极材料LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4,采用XRD、SEM、充放电试验和循环伏安法对合成产物进行表征。XRD和SEM分析结果表明,所合成的正极材料LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4具有立方尖晶石结构（空间群为Fdˉ3 m）,结晶度高,粒度适中且比较均匀。电化学测试结果表明,合成产物具有优良的电化学性能,它仅在4.7 V附近有一个放电平台,0.1 C的放电容量高达133 mAh/g,50次循环后放电容量仍保持在128 mAh/g以上,1和3 C的放电容量在30次循环后也分别保持在122和101 mAh/g以上     

Synthesis and electrochemical performance of 5V spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 prepared by solid-state reaction

Spinel compound LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 with high capacity and high rate capability was synthesized by solid-state reaction. At first, MnCl2·4H2O and NiCl2·6H2O were reacted with (NH4)2C2O4·H2O to produce a precursor via a low-temperature solid-state route, then the precursor was reacted with Li2CO3 to synthesize LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4. The effects of calcination temperature and time on the physical properties and electrochemical performance of the products were investigated. Samples were characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffractometry(XRD), charge-discharge tests and cyclic voltammetry measurements. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) image shows that as calcination temperature and time increase, the crystallinity of the samples is improved, and their grain sizes are obviously increased. It is found that LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 calcined at 800 ℃ for 6 h exhibits a typical cubic spinel structure with a space group of Fd3m. Electrochemical tests demonstrate that the sample obtained possesses high capacity and excellent rate capability. When being discharged at a rate as high as 5C after 30 cycles, the as-prepared LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 powders can still deliver a capacity of 101 mA-h/g, which shows to be a potential cathode material for high power batteries.     

LiMgxNi0.5-xMn1.5O4的制备和电化学性能

为改善LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4的电化学性能,采用流变相法合成掺镁的锂离子电池正极材料LiMgxNi0.5-xMn1.5O4(x=0,0.05,0.1)。XRD测试结果表明所得材料仍为尖晶石结构。电化学性能测试结果显示:当x取值0.1,在3.5～4.9V电压范围内进行充放电循环时,材料LiMg0.1Ni0.4Mn1.5O4具有较好的循环性能,1C充放电时,初始放电比容量可达110.22mAh/g,30次循环后容量衰减率仅为7.7%。     

Electrochemical oxidation of pyrrhotute in aqueous solution

The anodic surface oxidation of natural pyrrhotite in 0.3 mol/L KCI and HCI solution （pH 4.0） and 0.1 mol/L Na2B4O7 solution （pH 9.18） respectively was investigated by using cyclic voltammetry, Tafel plot, and chronoamperometry. In 0.3 mol/L KCl and HCl solution （pH 4.0）, at potential less than 0.5 V（vs SHE）, the production of anodic oxidation on pyrrhotite surface can not maintain a stable phase to form a passive film. In 0.1 mol/L Na2B4O7 solution （pH 9.18）, when the electrode potential increases to more than 0.5 V （vs SHE）, part of S is oxidized to sulfate, making the passive film somewhat porous, but elemental S and metal oxidates Fe（OH）3 still remain on the electrode surface, and the passive film can not be broken down totally. According to PARCalc Tafel analysis, the corresponding corrosion current density （J0） is 5.34 μA/cm^2 , which is also the exchange current density of the oxidation reaction on pyrrhotite electrode surface in 0. 1 mol/L Na2B4O7 solution （pH 9. 18）. The electrochemical dynamics equation of the oxidation was determined.     

高振实密度球形LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)O_2粉末的合成及性能

以共沉淀法制备的球形Ni_(0.5)Co_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)CO_3粉末为前驱体,按一定的比例将碳酸锂与前驱体混合,然后采用高温固相法合成高振实密度球形LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)O_2正极材料.该材料的振实密度达到2.60 g/cm~3,与商品化LiCoO_2的密度相当.SEM分析表明, LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)O_2正极材料与前驱体形貌有良好的继承性,均为理想的球形.XRD物相分析表明,在不同合成温度下的Li Ni_(0.5)Co_(0.3) Mn_(0.2)O_2产物均为具有α-NaFeO_2层状结构的纯相物质,在较高合成温度下所得材料的结晶度较高.电化学性能研究表明,在2.7～4.3 V的电压范围内,电池的放电比容量在0.2C倍率下为168.1 mA-h/g,在1C倍率下为157.6 mA-h/g;经50次循环后,两种放电条件下的电池容量保持率分别为95.1%和97.2%,显示出良好的电化学性能.     

Surface modification of spherical LiNi1/3Co 1/3 Mn1/3O2 with Al2O3 using heterogeneous nucleation process

To improve the cycle stability at high voltage and high charge/discharge rate, spherical LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 was coated with Al2O3 by using heterogeneous nucleation process, and the physical and electrochemical properties were studied. The SEM images show that there is a uniform coating on the modified spherical LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2. The electrochemical tests indicate that the properties of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 coated with 0.5% aluminum oxide are the best. The initial capacities are 150 and 173 mA.h/g at the rate of I C in the voltage range of 2.7-4.3 V and 2.7-4.6 V, respectively, and the discharge capacities maintain about 99% and 85% after 30 cycles, respectively. While those of the bare LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 are only 90% and 75%, respectively. The CV tests of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 show that Al203-coating can restrain the oxide-reduction peak currents fading during the charge/discharge course.