霸州市垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工程设计与运行

霸州市垃圾填埋场采用氨氮吹脱-混凝沉淀-MBR-臭氧氧化-活性炭吸附工艺处理垃圾渗滤液.该工世日处理200m3垃圾渗滤液,运行实践表明,整套装置运行平稳,出水水质良好,出水水质满足国家生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准(GB16889-1997)一级水质标准.     

外置式MBR+两级NF工艺处理老龄化渗沥液

采用"外置式MBR+两级NF"工艺处理老龄化生活垃圾渗沥液,处理规模425 m3/d。本文介绍了该工艺的设计和运行情况,运行结果表明:该工艺出水稳定,出水水质满足广东省地方标准《水污染排放限制》(DB44/26-2001)中第二时段一级标准与《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB 16889-2008)表2的较严值。     

厌氧—两级SBR—混凝沉淀工艺在城镇小型垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理中的应用

针对垃圾渗滤液性质复杂多变难处理的特点以及城镇小型垃圾填埋场的实际情况,采用厌氧-两级SBR-混凝沉淀组合工艺处理浙江省岱山县生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液.连续40 d的运行结果表明,出水常规指标中除COD外,其余指标可通过优化运行条件基本达到生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准( GB 16889-2008)要求.该处理工艺流程简单,运行稳定,费用合理,适合城镇小型垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理.     

二级DTRO工艺在垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用

安徽省某县生活垃圾填埋场的渗滤液采用二级DTRO工艺处理,工程运行结果表明,该工艺可使出水CODCr、BOD5、NH3-N、TN、TP的质量浓度分别不超过33.25、23.94、7.84、9.8、0.1 mg/L,出水SS的质量浓度降至0 mg/L。出水达到GB 16889—2008《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》表2中规定的排放标准的要求。介绍了工艺流程设计,给出了主要构筑物设计参数及投资运行成本。     

氨吹脱结晶在垃圾渗滤液处理中的工程研究

介绍了国内某生活垃圾渗滤液处理工程案例,该案例主要采用氨吹脱结晶-A/O-膜法-电氧化工艺。工程运行结果表明,该工艺路线选择合理,运行稳定可靠,处理后出水可达到《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB 16889—2008)表2排放标准。其中氨吹脱结晶可有效去除废水中70%以上的氨氮,生成的硫酸铵产品可外售,在垃圾渗滤液减量化的同时实现了资源化。     

UASB-MBR-NF-RO工艺在生活垃圾焚烧电厂渗滤液处理中的应用

本文结合工程实例,介绍了以"UASB+MBR+NF+RO"为主的组合工艺在生活垃圾焚烧发电厂渗滤液处理中的工艺流程、主要设计参数、实际运行效果及技术经济指标,工程运行结果表明,采用该组合工艺处理垃圾渗滤液,出水各项污染指标均能稳定达到《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889-2008)中的表2排放标准。     

BBR-Fenton-BAF组合工艺处理垃圾渗滤液工程实例

采用BBR-Fenton-BAF组合工艺处理某生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液，介绍了工艺流程、设计参数和运行效果。运行结果表明：在进水ρ(COD)≤14 000 mg/L、ρ(NH₃-N)≤2 450 mg/L、ρ(TN)≤3 000 mg/L时，该工艺可全量处理垃圾渗滤液，处理出水ρ(COD)≤96 mg/L、ρ(NH₃-N)≤7.6 mg/L、ρ(TN)≤40 mg/L，出水水质能够稳定达到GB 16889—2008《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》表2排放限值的要求。     

垃圾渗滤液处理工程实例

结合工程实例,介绍了采用"接触水解-氨氮吹脱-固定化A/O生物滤池-Fenton氧化"组合工艺处理城市垃圾卫生填埋场渗滤液的工艺流程、构筑物设计参数以及实际处理效果。工程运行效果表明,采用该组合工艺处理垃圾渗滤液,出水主要污染物指标稳定达到《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB 16889-2008)要求。     

臭氧氧化-曝气生物滤池联合工艺深度处理垃圾渗滤液的应用研究

在对垃圾渗滤液常规处理出水水质特性进行系统分析的基础上,提出了臭氧-曝气生物滤池联合工艺,并考察了该工艺长期运行效果、工艺参数和影响因素。结果表明,当臭氧的加入量在150 mg/L,水力负荷为0.25 m3/(m3·h)时,出水COD和氨氮分别小于80 mg/L和6 mg/L,出水水质达到《生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准》(GB16889-2008)表2标准的要求,且不存在二次污染问题。     

生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工程实例分析

生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液成分复杂,需采用合适的处理方法进行处理。本文介绍了一种人工湿地处理工艺应用实例,实际运行结果表明,该生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液经处理后出水各项指标能够达到《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB 16889—2008)表2标准。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。