基于DT-CWT和能量算子解调的滚动轴承故障诊断研究

滚动轴承出现局部损伤时会产生周期性冲击,振动信号往往具有调制特征,为了能够准确、有效地检测出轴承故障,提出了双树复小波和能量算子解调的诊断方法。首先运用双树复小波对采集到的轴承振动信号进行分解,得到若干个不同频带的分量,提取信号中能量集中的高频调制频带进行信号重构。然后采用能量算子的方法对重构信号进行解调。最后对解调得到的瞬时幅值进行频谱分析便能准确提取故障特征频率。通过信号仿真和实验数据处理结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

基于小波包和LCD的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对含噪背景下提取滚动轴承的非平稳非线性信号特征的问题,提出了一种将LCD(局部特征尺度)与小波包相结合的故障诊断方法。对待测信号进行小波包降噪预处理,再利用LCD分解得到ISC分量(内禀尺度分量),进一步根据峭度-相关系数筛选真实ISC分量用以重构获得有效的故障特征信号。最后通过对重构故障信息进行能量算子包络解调,从而得到轴承故障的特征频率。将基于LCD和小波包的时频分析方法引入轴承故障诊断中,实验结果表明该方法能有效地提取机械故障振动信号的特征。     

基于SSD和ICA降噪的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对轴承故障信号在早期由于能量小容易受到噪声影响而被淹没的问题,提出了一种奇异谱分解(SSD)和独立分量分析(ICA)的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,通过SSD对原始故障信号分解,得到一系列不同频段的奇异谱分量(SSC);其次,利用SSC分量构造观测信号和虚拟噪声信号,将观测信号与虚拟噪声信号组成观测矩阵;然后通过ICA对观测信号降噪;构造虚拟噪声通道信号;最后,将分离出来的独立分量进行Hilbert解调,对解调后的信号做FFT运算,并识别故障类别。通过仿真和实验表明了所述方法能够满足对滚动轴承振动信号降噪要求,准确清晰地提取故障特征频率。通过与EMD-ICA方法对比分析,验证了该方法对滚动轴承的早期故障诊断更加有效。     

基于EMD与对数能量的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

滚动轴承在发生损伤时,产生周期性脉冲振动,提取冲击振动的周期特征是故障诊断的关键。为了提取滚动轴承的故障特征频率,根据滚动轴承的振动响应信号特征,提出基于经验模态分解(EMD)和对数能量的故障特征频率提取方法。首先通过经验模态分解找到包含故障信息的本征模态函数（IMF）,然后对IMF的短时能量进行积分并取自然对数,获得信号的对数能量变化曲线,最后通过对曲线的谱分析,找到轴承的故障特征频率。仿真和实验数据验证了该方法的有效性,并和Hilbert包络法与能量算子法进行了对比,表明该方法能更显著地突出故障特征频率。     

基于小波改进阈值去噪与LMD的滚动轴承故障诊断研究

为从含有强烈噪声干扰的滚动轴承振动信号中提取故障特征信息,提出了一种小波改进阈值去噪与局部均值分解(LMD)相结合的故障诊断方法。首先,根据构造小波改进阈值函数需满足的必要条件以及滚动轴承振动信号特征,提出了适应于滚动轴承振动信号的抛物线平滑阈值函数,利用其对振动信号进行去噪预处理;然后,对去噪后的振动信号进行LMD分解得到若干乘积函数分量(PF);最后,根据相关系数筛选出有效PF分量,并对其进行包络解调,提取故障特征频率。仿真分析和应用实例结果表明,该方法能有效提取滚动轴承故障特征信息,实现滚动轴承的故障诊断。     

基于EMD和改进Teager能量算子的轴承故障诊断

为实现在非线性非平稳的轴承振动信号中提取出故障特征频率,提出了一种经验模态分解(EMD)和改进的Teager能量算子(NTEO)相结合的故障诊断方法。首先通过EMD将振动信号分解为若干阶本征模态分量(IMF),计算各阶IMF的峭度和与原信号的相关系数,利用峭度和相关系数均较大的IMF进行信号的重构,然后利用NTEO计算重构信号的瞬时Teager能量序列,最后对能量序列进行FFT变换,提取轴承的故障特征频率。分别对轴承内圈和外圈故障的振动信号进行分析,清晰地提取出了故障特征频率,并通过与传统Hilbert包络谱和Teager能量谱进行对比,验证了方法的有效性。     

全矢与SGMD-FastICA的轴承故障诊断北大核心

针对滚动轴承故障诊断中存在的故障信号特征不全面且易被噪声污染等问题,基于全矢和辛几何模态分解(SGMD),提出了全矢与SGMD-FastICA方法。首先,使用SGMD对水平方向X和竖直方向Y的故障信号进行分解,并通过综合指标将分解信号分为故障重构信号和噪声重组信号;其次,通过FastICA实现对故障重构信号与噪声重组信号的盲源分离;最后,利用全失谱技术对水平方向和竖直方向的盲源分离的有效分量进行融合,并使用Teager能量算子(TEO)对全矢融合信号进行解调分析。通过对滚动轴承振动信号的实验和对比分析,验证了所提方法的优越性和可靠性,在滚动轴承故障诊断领域具有一定的实用价值。     

ELMD与排列熵在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

针对轴承故障信号往往被强背景噪声淹没,采用传统包络解调方法难以提取故障特征的问题,提出总体局部均值分解(ensemble local mean decomposition,ELMD)与排列熵(permutation entropy,PE)相结合的轴承故障诊断方法。首先,对轴承振动信号进行ELMD分解并得到一系列窄带乘积函数(product function,PF),然后,计算各PF分量排列熵以构造高维特征向量,最后将高维特征向量作为多故障分类器的输入来识别轴承故障类型。实验结果表明ELMD方法可以有效地抑制模态混叠;PF分量的排列熵分布可以反应轴承不同工作状态下的信号特征;基于ELMD与排列熵的智能诊断方法可以准确地识别轴承的工作状态和故障类型。     

基于Hilbert变换的轴承故障诊断研究

滚动轴承外环故障、内环故障和滚动体故障的振动信号具有调制的特点。采用Hilbert变换对轴承的故障信号进行了包络解调仿真分析,并对滚动轴承的外环故障进行了故障诊断试验研究,诊断结果与实际故障吻合。研究结果表明,基于Hilbert变换的包络解调技术不仅能有效提取故障信号的特征频率,而且还可以有效地实现滚动轴承故障的诊断。     

VMD与MCKD在轴承故障诊断中的应用与研究

针对传统解调分析难以提取轴承故障信息的这一特征,提出了一种变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,VMD)与最大相关峭度解卷积(maximum correlated kurtosis deconvolution,MCKD)相结合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先对轴承故障信号进行进行VMD分解并得到一系列窄带本征模态函数(intrinsic mode functions,IMFs);然后对各个IMF分量进行MCKD降噪,突出故障冲击成分;最后对降噪后的信号进行包络解调分析完成轴承的故障诊断。仿真信号和轴承故障振动信号的分析结果表明,基于VMD和MCKD的轴承故障诊断方法能够准确地获取轴承故障特征频率。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.