基于火焰状氧化铝回转窑火焰图像检索

提出一种基于火焰形状的氧化铝回转窑火焰图像的检索方法,对回转窑火焰的形状进行深入分析,根据其特点,提出一种描述火焰形状的基准距离函数,通过傅里叶变换得到火焰图像形状的傅里叶描述子。结果表明：该距离函数能较好地描述火焰形状,应用此火焰形状描述子,设计一套火焰图像检索原型机系统。以现场采集的火焰图像作为实验对象,将本研究提出的方法与传统方法和不变矩方法的进行检索实验。结果表明：本研究提出的方法具有较高的检索精度,且明显优于传统方法和不变矩方法。本研究的结果可为回转窑生产控制提供有力支持。     

一种微光下车牌图像的去噪和定位方法

车牌识别系统是智能交通的重要组成部分,而车牌定位是车牌识别系统的关键部分,它直接影响到后续的字符分割和识别.根据微光下车牌图像含椒盐噪声的特点和小波变换的集中特性,对微光车牌图像进行小波变换处理,用软阈值法对小波系数进行阈值处理,将得到的高频小波系数进行重构,得到去噪图像;最后对去噪后的车牌图像利用边缘检测法和投影法进行车牌区域定位.实验结果表明:每张车牌平均定位时间为1.78 s,定位成功率达98%.     

基于Canny算子字符边缘检测与分割方法研究

字符边缘是标牌图像中的凹凸字符最主要特征,选用适当的边缘检测算子得到准确的标牌信息是字符图像处理的关键步骤.本文叙述Canny算子的基本原理和算法实现过程,选用并研究Canny算子来提取字符的边缘特征.为了验证Canny边缘检测算子的效果,分别用Canny、Robert、Sobel、Prewitt、Laplacian和LoG算子对字符图像进行边缘检测试验,分析了边缘检测的结果,得出Canny边缘检测算子是字符边缘检测的一种十分有效的方法.依据Canny算子边缘检测得到的结果,对字符图像进行了填充并分割得到了标牌字符的分割二值化图像.边缘处理和字符分割的结果表明,Canny算子边缘检测能够较好地解决低对比度图像和灰度不均匀字符图像的二值化问题.     

基于D S证据理论的轴心轨迹自动识别方法

旋转机械的轴心轨迹包含了其运行状态的丰富信息,是判断转子运行状态和故障征兆的重要依据。提出对轴心轨迹的图像利用不变矩和傅里叶描述子提取特征,采用D-S证据理论对轴心轨迹特征参数进行融合识别诊断,并与传统BP神经网络识别方法比较,证明D-S证据理论提高了识别的准确性。将所提的方法应用于磁轴承故障诊断中,利用实测振动信号验证该方法的实用性,最终结果表明识别结果与轨迹形状相符合,说明文中提出的方法不仅能够较好的提取轴心轨迹图像特征,并能有效地对轴心轨迹进行识别,提高磁轴承故障诊断的精度。     

基于机器视觉的集成电路板焊点缺陷识别方法

现有的集成电路板焊点缺陷识别方法未对集成电路板二值图像进行边界跟踪,导致集成电路板焊点缺陷特征提取效果不佳,严重影响了集成电路板焊点缺陷识别效果。为此,文中提出一种基于机器视觉的集成电路板焊点缺陷识别方法。获取集成电路板焊点图像,通过傅里叶变换对集成电路板焊点图像缺陷数据进行空间数据转换,得到空间域的复数图像。引用Rician噪声的期望值对集成电路板焊点图像噪声偏差校正,通过高阶奇异值分解方法获取集成电路板焊点图像块硬阈值;对焊点图像进行阈值分割,利用连通链码对二值图像展开边界跟踪,提取集成电路板焊点缺陷特征,通过Adaboost分类算法构建分类器,将提取的特征输入到分类器内,最终实现集成电路板焊点缺陷识别。试验结果表明,所提方法能够准确识别全部焊接缺陷,缺陷识别耗时仅为103 s,焊点缺陷识别效果较好。     

轮箍表面自动荧光磁粉探伤系统及其图像处理技术

介绍了轮箍表面自动荧光磁粉探伤系统的工作原理和结构组成，对荧光磁粉的激发光谱和发射光谱进行了分析和研究，详细介绍了自动磁粉探伤系统中的数字图像处理和图像识别技术。经高精度CCD摄像机提取的检测图像，采用局部平均平滑处理、边缘提取和灰度图像二值化处理后，可有效识别出可疑缺陷，完成荧光磁粉探伤系统的缺陷自动识别。     

基于机器视觉的接头组件表面缺陷检测系统研究

为了解决金属软管接头组件表面检测精准度不高和检测效率不高的实际问题,设计一套基于机器视觉的接头组件表面缺陷检测系统。针对接头组件图像背景复杂、噪声干扰多,通过使用图像滤波去噪、Otsu算法二值化以及图像形态学分析,提高图像的对比度,有效提取目标检测区域。而后采用Canny边缘检测算法,对图像进行边缘轮廓精准识别,并采用快速傅里叶变换方法和R-FCN算法,对缺陷特征信息快速进行匹配提取和分类处理。试验结果表明:此缺陷检测系统能有效提高检测效率,保证较高的检测准确率和精度,满足实际工业检测的需求,具有较好的实用价值。     

基于傅里叶描述子的预成形设计

为了解决轴对称锻件的预成形设计问题,提出了一种基于傅里叶变换理论的预成形设计方法。在此设计方法中,预制坯的形状可以使用初始坯料形状和终锻件的形状在傅里叶空间进行加和,并且可以通过控制加和的权重系数来控制预制坯形状对终锻件的逼近程度。将初始坯料形状和终锻件形状进行傅里叶变换,可将欧氏空间中的平面轮廓形状转化为傅里叶空间中的傅里叶描述子,将初始坯料形状和终锻件形状的傅里叶描述子加权相加后进行傅里叶逆变换,以生成的新形状作为预制坯的形状。最后,用一个轴对称锻件对算法进行测试,测试结果表明:锻件填充完整、等效应变均匀,没有折叠等缺陷。     

基于尺度不变特征变换的车牌特征提取及BBF匹配方法

针对传统车牌特征提取及匹配不足,提出了基于尺度不变特征变换（Scale invariant feature transform, SIFT）的车牌特征提取及 (Best Bin First,BBF)匹配方法。通过构建车牌字符标准模板,采用SIFT算法提取标准模板和待检测车牌中每个字符的SIFT特征向量,主要包括车牌高斯差分(Difference of Gauss, DoG)空间极值点检测,去除边缘相应点和低对比点,确定特征向量的方向和生成车牌特征向量。利用BBF(Best Bin First )算法完成标准模板特征向量与待检测车牌特征向量匹配,并获取识别结果。最后给出实验分析,证明该算法的识别率。     

基于尺度不变特征变换的车牌特征提取及BBF匹配方法（英文）

针对传统车牌特征提取及匹配不足,提出了基于尺度不变特征变换(Scale-invariant feature transform,SIFT)的车牌特征提取及(Best Bin First,BBF)匹配方法。通过构建车牌字符标准模板,采用SIFT算法提取标准模板和待检测车牌中每个字符的SIFT特征向量,主要包括车牌高斯差分(Difference of Gauss,DoG)空间极值点检测,去除边缘相应点和低对比点,确定特征向量的方向和生成车牌特征向量。利用BBF(Best Bin First)算法完成标准模板特征向量与待检测车牌特征向量匹配,并获取识别结果。最后给出实验分析,证明该算法的识别率。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.