一种能耗均衡的WSN分布式拓扑博弈算法

无线传感器网络（wireless sensor network,WSN）中通常节点能量受限,节点间能耗不均衡会导致网络生命周期缩短.针对该问题,综合考虑节点的能量效率和能耗均衡,通过引入阿特金森指数设计了一种改进优化的综合效用函数;基于此,建立了一种能耗均衡的拓扑博弈模型,并证明了该拓扑博弈模型是序数势博弈且存在帕累托最优;提出了一种能耗均衡的WSN分布式拓扑博弈算法（DTCG）.通过仿真实验及对比分析表明,相较于其它基于博弈理论的拓扑控制算法,DTCG算法能在保证网络连通性和鲁棒性的前提下,降低节点发射功率,拥有更好的能量均衡性和能量效率,可以有效延长网络生命周期.     

一种无线传感器网络能耗均衡的自适应拓扑博弈算法

针对无线传感器网络节点能量有限与能耗不均衡导致网络生命周期提前结束的问题,运用势博弈理论将节点的平均寿命、节点最短寿命、网络的连通性以及覆盖性应用到效益函数的设计中,建立一种基于序数势博弈的能耗均衡的拓扑控制模型,以证明博弈模型是序数势博弈.基于该势博弈模型,提出一种能耗均衡的自适应拓扑博弈算法.该算法根据节点平均寿命调整自身的功率,帮助最短寿命节点降低功率,延长整个网络的生存时间.仿真实验及对比分析表明,所提出的算法相比于其他基于博弈论的拓扑控制算法,能够改善网络能量的均衡性,提高网络能量效率,保证网络拓扑的健壮性,增强网络拓扑的自适应性.     

基于势博弈的WSN非均匀拓扑控制算法

针对无线传感器网络中节点能量有限以及消耗不均衡的问题,运用势博弈理论,设计一种考虑节点剩余能量、信息传输成功率以及节点到基站之间距离的效用函数,构建博弈模型,在此基础上,提出基于势博弈的非均匀拓扑控制算法BLTC。仿真结果表明,与DIA算法、VGEB算法相比,BLTC算法能够均衡节点的能量消耗,延长网络的生命周期。     

基于序数势博弈的WSN拓扑控制算法

由于传感器节点能量有限且不易更换,故能量效率一直是制约传感网生存周期的重要因素。构建一种基于势博弈的拓扑控制(potential game topology control,PGTC)模型,将最短潜在寿命和节点度取值分别作为首要、次要效用函数。节点调整自身的发射功率,降低反向链路集中潜在寿命最短节点的发射功率,延长其潜在寿命,同时控制节点度取值以减小链路平均跳数和总能耗。理论分析可知,PGTC模型属于序数势博弈,存在纳什均衡,且纳什均衡点即为帕累托最优解。仿真表明,PGTC模型相较于其他基于博弈论的拓扑控制算法,网络总能耗更低,并且能量均衡性更强。     

一种基于区域分裂与合并的势博弈网络拓扑控制算法

现有无线传感器网络拓扑控制算法在传感器节点部署密集或稀疏区域存在网络拓扑链路冗余、个别节点负载过重、瓶颈节点和网络生命周期短等问题。针对这些问题,提出一种基于区域分裂与合并的势博弈网络拓扑控制算法,该算法首先划分目标区域并随机抛洒传感器节点,在每个子区域内进行博弈并选出簇首节点,利用区域分裂与合并思想,在节点密集区域进行分割再博弈,防止部分节点负载过大,在节点稀疏区域利用权重链路进行合并,防止出现瓶颈节点以保障网络连通;然后对所有簇首节点实施二次势博弈生成簇首拓扑结构连接各子区域。仿真结果表明,该算法能够有效缓解节点负载,均衡节点能耗,延长网络生命周期。     

基于元胞自动机的无线传感网拓扑控制算法

针对无线传感器网络的应用广泛及其自身的特点,在深入研究元胞自动机模型的基础上,提出了一种关于元胞自动机模型的拓扑控制算法。对非分簇拓扑控制方法进行了改进,提出了对节点的通信方式、剩余能量控制和提高覆盖度的拓扑控制算法,并对其扩展应用到三维空间。仿真结果表明,提出的改进算法在节点的剩余数目和网络的剩余能量等性能方面比非分簇的拓扑控制方法都有提高,从而延长了系统的生存时间。     

Ad hoc网络中能量有效的QoS拓扑控制算法研究

无线Ad hoc网络中节点电池的能量有限,为了延长节点的牛存时间,必须有效提高电池的利用率.拓扑控制足提高Ad hoc网络能量利用率的一种重要的机制.概述了面向节能的两种基本拓扑控制机制,提出了一种能量有效的Qos拓扑控制算法EEQTC算法.算法在给定平面巾的节点集合以及任意节点对问的QoS需求下,通过计算每个节点的发送功率p,使节点以发送功率p米构建网络拓扑结构,这种拓扑结构小仅能够满足任意节点对间的QoS需求,而且最小化了节点的发射功率,提高了网络的能量使用效率.仿真研究表明,算法生成的网络拓扑结构在满足QoS需求的条件下,有效的减少了节点的能量消耗,提高了网络的能量有效性.     

跨层优化的WSN能耗均衡拓扑博弈算法

由于无线传感器网络承载服务的多样性和工作环境的复杂性，使得基于单层信息设计的拓扑控制方法面临挑战。针对该问题，通过引入博弈理论和超模博弈的概念，将节点度、网络连通性和MAC层干扰程度等跨层信息融入到效用函数的设计中，构建了一种新的拓扑博弈模型，并证明了该模型属于超模博弈且存在纯策略纳什均衡，进而提出了一种跨层优化的WSN能耗均衡拓扑博弈算法（COETG）。通过仿真实验与对比分析表明，COETG算法能在保证网络连通性和鲁棒性的前提下，降低节点发射功率，拥有良好的能耗均衡性和能量效率，有效延长了网络生存时间，提升了网络性能。     

负载均衡的无线传感器网络拓扑控制算法

针对无线传感器网络节点能耗分布不均匀的问题,提出一种负载均衡的拓扑控制算法,该算法将节点看作数据转发节点,把节点间距离和节点剩余能量作为拓扑构建的依据,对剩余能量较少的节点赋予一定的节点度约束,从而均衡网络负载,解决网络中部分节点因负载过重而导致的能耗过大问题,有效延长网络生命期。     

异构无线传感器网络中基于CDS树的拓扑控制方法

拓扑控制是无线传感器网络中节约能量、延长网络生命的关键技术。针对现有拓扑控制方法主要集中在同构网络中作为拓扑构建或拓扑维护单独研究的问题,提出了包含两个过程的异构网络分布式拓扑控制算法A3M。拓扑构建基于最小连通支配集构建虚拟骨干树,在保证连通性的同时关闭网络冗余节点以降低能耗;拓扑维护对网络性能进行评估,当现有网络性能严重下降时,改变拓扑以保障网络的稳定运行。理论分析和仿真实验证实算法能够以较小的时间和消息代价减少拓扑构建能耗并延长网络时间。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.