具有Markov跳变参数的闭环供应链系统切换控制

研究具有 Markov 跳变参数的闭环供应链(Closed-loop supply chain, CLSC)切换系 统建模以及具有抑制牛鞭效应的H∞控制问题. 针对再制造过程中的不确定性问题, 在考虑库存衰减因素的条件下, 根据库存水平的不同状态将系统建模为切换系统, 子系统间的切换服从 于一个Markov过程. 基于输入滞后的控制策略, 应用Markov切换思想对 系统进行控制器设计与性能分析, 在保证闭环供应链系统稳定的情形 下有效抑制牛鞭效应. 仿真例子说明所得结果的有效性.     

基于再制造的闭环供应链动态模型及其鲁棒H∞控制

研究基于再制造的闭环供应链运作问题，建立了具有再制造、废弃时滞和需求不确定性的闭环供应链动态模型．分析了闭环供应链的鲁棒运作，给出了针对再制造闭环供应链动态模型的鲁棒H∞控制策略和线性矩阵不等式算法，鲁棒H∞控制策略能够抑制闭环供应链运作过程中的不确定性影响，使闭环供应链系统运作达到理想总成本．最后通过仿真计算验证了所提出方法的有效性．     

收益共享控制下闭环供应链系统稳定性研究

为了减少环境污染和提高资源的利用效率,产品再制造闭环供应链系统的稳定有序运行非常重要。为探索使系统达到稳定的方法,以供应链参与主体均为风险中性的两阶闭环供应链系统为背景,研究了收益共享控制模型对闭环供应链协调性和稳定性的影响,证明了收益共享控制能够使产品再制造闭环供应链稳定,提升供应链的绩效。最后,通过算例研究和收益共享控制模型的灵敏度分析,验证了该模型的有效性及实用性。     

基于回收质量不确定与政府双参与的再制造闭环供应链定价策略研究

基于回收质量不确定的现实考虑,运用Stackelberg博弈论方法研究政府补贴和碳税双参与的再制造闭环供应链的定价问题,采用数值仿真的方法量化分析补贴额度和碳税率对再制造闭环供应链定价策略、供应链各成员利润、供应链碳排放量的影响,以及回收质量对再制造闭环供应链的影响。研究发现：政府补贴和碳税的双参与改善了由政府征收碳税而引起的市场不活跃现象,促进了闭环供应链的回收再制造,比单纯补贴或碳税更有效地引导了再制造闭环供应链;无论哪种手段参与,提高废旧产品的回收质量都有助于提高废旧产品的回收量、制造商的利润、第三方回收商的利润以及供应链的总利润,也有助于降低供应链的碳排放。     

考虑市场细分的闭环供应链生产与定价策略

基于市场细分建立闭环供应链模型,分析了决策变量随外生变量的变化规律,并比较了闭环供应链与不回收再制造情形的决策.结果表明:新制造和再制造产品的批发价随回购价的增加而增加,随回收价的增加而减少,零售价随回收价和回收努力程度的增加而增加;产品总量随消费者偏好系数的增加而增加,随再制造成本、回收努力程度及回收价的增加而减少;闭环供应链的新制造产品批发价和零售价均比不回收再制造时高;消费者偏好系数高于临界值时,回收再制造对于闭环供应链有利.     

基于WTP差异化的再制造闭环供应链利益协调机制

考虑到消费者对新产品和再制造产品支付意愿的差异, 分别建立了分散决策和集中决策下多周期再制造闭环供应链的决策模型, 得出了各供应链成员的最优决策, 通过shapley值法来确定利益协调机制, 并利用数值仿真对模型进行求解和分析。研究结果表明, 分散决策存在效益缺失, 中间商的减少可有效提高供应链系统的效益; 可通过shapley值对再制造闭环供应链的利益进行合理有效的分配。     

考虑市场细分的闭环供应链生产与定价策略

基于市场细分建立闭环供应链模型,分析了决策变量随外生变量的变化规律,并比较了闭环供应链与不回收再制造情形的决策.结果表明!新制造和再制造产品的批发价随回购价的增加而增加,随回收价的增加而减少,零售价随回收价和回收努力程度的增加而增加;产品总量随消费者偏好系数的增加而增加,随再制造成本,回收努力程度及回收价的增加而减少,闭环供应链的新制造产品批发价和零售价均比不回收再制造时高,消费者偏好系数高于临界值时,回收再制造对于闭环供应链有利.

     

一种三重接触架构下的退货物流优化方法研究

分析了闭环控制系统架构所涉及到的供应链逆向物流中,针对不确定的退货物流回收再制造的各个环节的特点,利用UML建模语言,从单一营销回收渠道和电子商务环境下的双源营销回收渠道两个方面对影响闭环回收再制造的众多因素进行了分析,建立了产品再制造过程的类图和状态图,给出了基于Arena仿真工具的一般回收再制造架构和双源渠道回收再制造架构,在此基础上利用三重生产架构实现了系统集成、科技创新和第三方外包的产品增值再制造,达到了对原来两种架构方案的优化。应用表明,该方案优化了整个闭环再制造供应链系统的运作。     

考虑政府补贴及环境设计的再制造闭环供应链生产决策

在外包及授权再制造模式下,研究考虑政府补贴及制造商环境设计的再制造闭环供应链生产决策问题.构建4种闭环供应链决策模型,分析政府补贴及环境设计水平对制造商与再制造商竞合关系、闭环供应链绩效以及环境的影响.研究发现,制造商可以通过调节单位再制造外包费或专利许可费实现与再制造商共享政府补贴,因此政府不同补贴策略不会对闭环供应链最优生产决策及绩效产生影响.政府补贴与消费者对再制造产品的认知程度,并不总是有利于提高制造商环境设计水平,但均有助于促进再制造产品销售.制造商总是有动机进行环境设计,而再制造商只有在环境设计能为再制造产品带来更多成本节约时,才有动力接受制造商的环境设计方案.相比于授权再制造,制造商及再制造商均在外包再制造下获得更多的利润.另外,政府补贴与环境设计并不一定总能起到减少产品环境总影响程度的作用.     

不同担保模式下考虑零售商公平关切的闭环供应链博弈模型

针对由一个制造商和一个零售商构成的闭环供应链,运用Stackelberg动态博弈理论,构建不同担保模式下考虑零售商公平关切的决策博弈模型,探讨产品担保模式及零售商公平关切对闭环供应链定价及担保期决策、经济效益和环境效益的影响,分析不同担保模式的担保效率.研究结果表明:当消费者对新产品和再制造品差异化担保期较为敏感时,制造商或零售商会为再制造品提供长期担保服务;零售商公平关切会降低新产品和再制造品批发价格,其对再制造品销售价格、担保期以及供应链经济环境效益的影响与产品担保模式密切相关;两种担保模式的经济环境效益与担保成本和再制造品相对环境优势相关,当零售商担保的相对成本优势和再制造品相对环境优势显著(微弱)时,零售商(制造商)担保模式是闭环供应链利益相关者的一致选择;零售商担保模式能够减缓零售商公平关切对闭环供应链经济效益及环境效益的负面影响.     

Modelling and analysis of inventory replenishment for perishable agricultural products with buyer–seller collaboration

In this article, we study the inventory replenishment model for perishable agricultural products in a simple two-level supply chain. Collaborative forecasting is introduced into the inventory replenishment decisions to avoid overstocking and understocking of agricultural products, and to maximise profits. We analyse the model with ordering cost, holding cost, shortage cost, deterioration cost and opportunity lost cost of perishable agricultural products. Extensive numerical analysis is carried out to study the performance of the inventory policy. The optimal replenishment policy that minimises the total cost can be obtained from the model. It has demonstrated that the supply chain cost decreases with supplier and retailer's collaborative forecasting.     

Deterministic inventory model for recycling system

An important new trend in supply chain management is repair, remanufacturing, recycling, or reuse of products collected from the end user after they have reached the end of their useful life. This paper deals with inventory control for a recycling system. For the system, we assume that demand is deterministic, and a fixed fraction of demands is returned and used as raw material of new products. We propose inventory policies and present procedures for determining the optimal policy parameters. Received: May 2005 / Accepted: December 2005     

考虑风险规避的闭环供应链差别定价协调模型

针对再制造成本不确定条件下考虑制造商风险规避特性的新产品与再制造产品差别定价协调问题, 采用均值—方差方法衡量该问题的最优定价决策。在分散化决策下, 采用Stackelberg博弈理论研究价格差敏感系数和制造商风险规避度对闭环供应链定价策略的影响, 然后以集中化决策作为研究基准, 指出分散化决策存在双重边际效应。为消除利益损失, 提出一种收益共享一风险共担契约来协调闭环供应链, 研究表明, 该协调契约能有效实现风险规避下闭环供应链的协调。最后运用数值分析方法对无协调和有协调时的闭环供应链定价策略进行比较研究, 并进一步探讨价格差敏感系数和制造商风险规避度对闭环供应链定价策略以及协调性能的影响。     

回收数量不确定的双重竞争闭环供应链定价研究

为解决双重竞争闭环供应链中回收产品数量不确定对财政干预政策及定价决策影响的问题,运用博弈论和Matlab数值仿真的方法,构建回收产品数量不确定的双重竞争闭环供应链定价决策模型,从4个维度剖析并验证回收产品数量不确定对闭环供应链竞争强度、销售及回收价格、供应链节点企业利润及社会福利、回收率的影响规律,研究结果表明：当回收产品数量波动较大,回收商和再制造商的回收价格及回购价格呈现增加的趋势;闭环供链中回收商利润、销售商利润以及社会福利呈现增加的趋势,但是制造商利润下降,即回收数量不确定直接影响闭环供链中起主导作用的制造商执行再制造的积极性。     

A supply chain network with product remanufacturing and carbon emission considerations: a two-phase design

Growing awareness of environmental issues is prompting the development of sustainable supply chain management. Closed-loop supply chains in which used products can be returned for remanufacture are becoming increasingly popular. This paper introduces a two-phase approach to the design of supply chain networks taking into account carbon emission and remanufacturing. In the first phase, a continuous approximation model is used to design the forward supply chain network. The objective is to minimize the total forward network cost by simultaneously determining the number and the service areas of distribution centers (DCs) and the replenishment cycle time for DCs. A nonlinear optimization technique is used to solve the forward supply chain network design problem. In the second phase, a reverse supply chain network is formulated based on the results of the first phase to determine the optimal number and service areas of remanufacturing centers (RCs) and the replenishment cycle time for RCs. Finally, numerical analyses are conducted to show the solution approach and provide some managerial insights.     

A modal interval based method for dynamic decision model considering uncertain quality of used products in remanufacturing

In this paper, a modal interval based method is proposed to characterize the uncertainty in the quality of collected used products for a closed-loop supply chain. Triggered by an actual case in the construction machinery remanufacturing field, we establish a decent model of a remanufacturer-driven closed-loop supply chain with multi-dimensional reverse channel within the framework of game theory, which includes the supplier, the manufacturer, the retailer with authorization to remanufacture, and the third party collector. In this special remanufacturer-driven supply chain, both the retailer and the third party collector collect the used products for the remanufacturer. Considering the influence of uncertainty in the quality of used products on the buyback price and the cost of remanufacturing process, we utilize modal interval arithmetic to analyze the dynamic pricing and collection strategy of the remanufacturer. Moreover, to validate the effectiveness of the proposed modal interval based method, we compare it with the analysis under the traditional scenario based method. We confirm that the modal interval method can obtain more robust results, and the proposed model and method of our research can give guidance to the construction machinery remanufacturing firms when facing with the quality uncertainty of the collected used products in remanufacturing activities.     

Two inventory review policies on supply chain configuration problem

With increasing business competition and complexity, supply chain provides opportunity to increase business competitiveness. Supply chain configuration is an important strategy to enhance business advantage. It is a vital approach to develop new products and manage dynamic supply chain. In this paper, two inventory review policies, continuous replenishment and periodic replenishment, are modeled in the supply chain configuration problem. Harmony search is used to solve the problem. Numerical example is given to illustrate how the models work. Using three different scenarios of various average on hand inventory rate and work in process rate, both review policies are tested. The proposed model shows that the average on hand inventory plays a more significant role when compared with the work in process.