Research on the properties of MAG welded joint of X65 pipeline steel

With the worldwide pipeline construction boom, the pipeline welding technology has rapidly developed. Considering the needs of some projects, many tests of mechanical properties of X65 pipeline steel metal active-gus （MAG） welded joint have been carried out, and so do the analysis of metallographic structure characteristics and the impact fracture appearance of joint. The results show that, using MAG welding, the test data of mechanical properties of their girth welded joint are in conformity with the relevant technical standards （ API1104 ）. MAG welding with COz protection has the characteristics of low hydrogen, energy-saving and environmental protection. Therefore, it should be noted to develop the welding materials and equipments vigorously for this welding method.     

Numerical simulation of stress and deformation of in-service welding onto gas pipeline

SYSWELD was used to simulate in-service welding process of gas pipeline of X70 pipeline steel. Welding thermal cycle, stress and deformation of in-service welded joint were studied. The results show that peak temperature of coarse grain heat-affected zone （CGHAZ） of in-service welding onto gas pipeline is the same with routine welding, but ts/5, ts/3 and ts/1 decrease at certain degree. For the zone near welded seam, axial stress and hoop stress in the inner pipe wall are compressive stress when welding source passes through the cross-section that is studied, but residual axial stress and residual hoop stress after welded are all tensile stress. Transient deformation and residual deformation are all convex deformation compared with the original pipe diameter size. Deformation achieves maximum when welding thermal source passes through the cross-section that is studied and then decreases during the cooling process after welding.     

X80管线钢埋弧焊焊接接头的组织和腐蚀性能

采用H08MnMoA焊丝埋弧焊焊接X80管线钢.利用扫描电镜分析焊接接头微观组织;采用动电位极化和电化学阻抗法研究了X80管线钢其焊接接头在0.5 mol/LNaHCO3+0.02 mol/L NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为.结果表明,在0.5 mol/L NaHCO3+0.02mol/L NaCl溶液中,由于显微组织上的差...     

Effect of heat treatment temperature on dissimilar welded joint

The dissimilar metals 1Crl8Ni9 and 16MnR are welded by shielded metal arc welding process using electrode A312. The corrosion experiments are carried out on welded joint samples, which is as-welded and post-weld heat treatment at 650 ℃, 750 ℃ and 850 ℃, for 2 h in 70% sodium hydroxide solution. EDS and X-ray diffraction analysis are carried out on the samples after corrosion. Average corrosion rate calculation and microhardness measurement are conducted on both as- welded and post-weld heat treatment samples. The results indicate that average corrosion rate of as-welded joint metal is smaller than that of post-weld heat treatment joint metal. Compared with that of post-weld heat treatment at 750 ℃ and 850 ℃ for 2 h, the average corrosion rate of welded joint after post-weld heat treatment at 650 ℃ for 2 h increases greatly.     

Study of microstructures and properties for girth welding of domestic X70 pipeline steels

With the development of domestic pipeline steels, it is necessary to develop suitable welding technology which can improve the properties of the welded pipeline. In this paper, the microstructures and mechanical properties of domestic X70 pipeline steels and welded joints are discussed. The welding consumables of BOHLER E6010 and HOBART 81N1 are matched for girth welding. The following characteristics in heat-affected zone(HAZ) are indicated that microstructures of intercritical HAZ(ICHAZ) is finer and more uniform, the grain sizes of fine-grain HAZ(FGHAZ) and subcritical HAZ(SCHAZ) are smaller than that of coarse-grain HAZ(CGHAZ). The hardness, tensile strength and toughness of welded joints come up to the standard. The micrographs of impact specimens in welded joints are cleavage, quasi-cleavage and dimple which shows there is typical ductile rupture.     

激光冲击处理对X70管线钢焊接接头H_2S应力腐蚀影响

采用慢应变速率法(SSRT)进行了X70管线钢焊接接头在H2S介质中应力腐蚀试验,研究了H2S对X70管线钢焊接接头应力腐蚀开裂(SSCC)的敏感性,分析了激光冲击处理对X70管线钢焊接接头抗H2S应力腐蚀开裂SSCC行为的影响。结果表明,经激光冲击处理后X70管线钢焊接接头表面产生了晶粒细化和残余压应力,提高了管线钢焊接接头在NACE饱和H_2S溶液中抗应力腐蚀性能;原始状态试样在NACE饱和H_2S溶液中慢拉伸试验平均应力腐蚀敏感性指数>25%,有明显的应力腐蚀倾向;经激光冲击处理后试样在NACE饱和H_2S溶液中平均应力腐蚀敏感性指数为19.05%,应力腐蚀倾向不明显,因此,激光冲击处理有效地提高了X70管线钢焊接接头的抗应力腐蚀性能。     

Microstructure and properties of Nd:YAG laser welded AZ31B magnesium alloy

Biodegradable magnesium-based alloys are very promising materials for temporary implants. Laser welding is an important joining method in such application. In this study, the as-rolled AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets of 1 mm in thickness were successfully joined by Nd ： YAG laser welding. The microstructure and properties of the welded joint were investigated. The result shows that the welded joint is characterized by a narrow heat-affected zone, finer grains and a large number of precipitates distribute in the matrix in the weld. Microhardness of the weld is significantly improved to 72 HV 0. 05 as compared to 55 HV 0. 05 of the base metal. Tensile strength of butt-welded joint is 180. 24 MPa, which is 76. 8% that of the base metal. The electrochemical corrosion experiment shows that the corrosion resistance of laser welded joint is significantly improved in a 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution.     

H2S浓度对国产X70管线钢及其焊接接头应力腐蚀性能的影响

采用慢应变速率试验研究了H2S对国产X70管线钢及其焊接接头应力腐蚀性能的影响，揭示了国产X70管线钢及其焊接接头在含H2S腐蚀介质中的应力腐蚀敏感性随H2S浓度的增加而增加。焊接接头抗硫化氢应力腐蚀性能较母材低；H2S对国产X70管线钢及其焊接接头应力腐蚀性能有着重要的影响。     

自动焊技术在西气东输二线工程中的应用

以西气东输二线工程用X80钢管为研究对象,采用STT半自动根焊＋PAW2000全位置自动焊填充、盖面焊接方法,在选择的焊接工艺参数条件下,对X80钢管进行了焊接,并对焊接接头的力学性能进行了研究。结果表明各项性能指标均符合Q／SYGJX0110—2007标准,选定的焊接工艺完全满足现场自动焊施工的技术要求。此工艺成功用于西气东输二线工程,取得了优良的焊接效果。     

Study on the microstructure and hardness of in-service welded joint of X70 pipeline steel

Hydrogen induced cracking （HIC） is one of the main problems of in-service welding onto active pipeline. Microstructure and hardness of welded joint have a vital effect on hydrogen induced cracking. The microstructure and hardness of welded joint of XTO pipeline steel were studied using simulation in-service welding device. The results show that the main microstructures of in-service welded seam are grain boundary ferrite , intracrystalline acicular ferrite , as well as small amount of widmanztatten structure. The main microstructures of coarse grain heat-affected zone （CGHAZ） are coarse granular bainite, lath ferrite and martensite. Metastable phases such as martensite and lath ferrite are found in CGHAZ because of the too quick cooling velocity a＇nd the hardness of the CGHAZ is high.     

X70管线钢焊接接头慢拉伸应力腐蚀行为

利用金相显微镜观察了X70管线钢焊接接头组织结构,通过慢拉伸试验分析了X70管线钢焊接接头在NACE溶液中应力腐蚀行为,测试了X70管线钢焊接接头在不同H2S浓度下电化学腐蚀电位,讨论了X70管线钢焊接接头自腐蚀电位形成机理。结果表明,X70管线钢焊接接头熔合区中M-A组元所产生的微裂纹是焊接接头应力腐蚀产生裂纹的主要来源,使得其耐腐蚀性能下降;焊接接头在腐蚀初期主要表现为典型的点腐蚀特征,点蚀坑相互连接不断扩展,点蚀坑被生成的腐蚀产物所覆盖;焊接接头自腐蚀电位随着H2S浓度的增加而发生负移,应力腐蚀敏感性增加,在含饱和H2S NACE溶液中具有明显的应力腐蚀倾向。     

X70高钢级管线钢焊接接头盐雾腐蚀机理

利用中性盐雾试验对X70高钢级管线钢焊接接头进行室温腐蚀,通过扫描电镜和能谱仪观察了X70管线钢焊接接头盐雾腐蚀前后表面微观形貌和化学元素的变化,并采用EDS对盐雾腐蚀后焊接接头表面进行了面扫描分析. 利用XRD讨论了其盐雾腐蚀前后表面物相,分析了X70管线钢焊接接头盐雾腐蚀后表面腐蚀膜的组成、作用和腐蚀机理. 结果表明,盐雾腐蚀后失效主要形式是点蚀和剥落腐蚀,活性Cl-离子破坏了试样表面的钝化膜,与Fe原子接触,是发生点蚀的主要原因;焊接过程中产生的残余拉应力成为腐蚀的应力源,使材料在腐蚀介质中发生应力腐蚀开裂,在与晶间腐蚀共同作用下发生剥落腐蚀;腐蚀膜达到一定厚度后覆盖在试样表面,阻隔试样与腐蚀介质的接触,有利于抑制腐蚀的持续进行.     

激光冲击对X70管线钢焊接接头H_2S应力腐蚀断口的影响

利用激光冲击波对X70管线钢焊接接头进行了改性处理,通过慢应变速率法（SSRT）研究了其在NACE（national association of corrosion engineers）标准饱和H2S溶液中应力腐蚀的敏感性,并对其断口进行SEM观察,分析了激光冲击处理对X70管线钢焊接接头抗H2S应力腐蚀开裂（SCC...     

层间温度对X60管线钢焊接质量的影响

针对涩北至格尔木天然气管道复线建设中采用的X60管线钢，根据试验，分析了常温与低温焊接时层间温度变化对管口焊接质量的影响，并指出了防止涩格天然气管道焊接产生冷裂纹的工艺措施。     

X100高强管线钢CRC全自动焊接工艺技术研究

在对X100高强度管线钢化学成分、力学性能分析的基础上,结合选定的焊接工艺方案,对该管线钢环焊缝焊接接头的强度、冲击韧性、硬度、断裂韧性(CTOD)和抗氢致开裂(HIC)等性能进行试验分析。结果表明,X100高强度管线用钢具有良好的焊接性能,焊接接头的各项性能指标均满足管道运行安全要求,所选用的焊接材料、焊接方法和工艺参数可用于该管材的现场焊接。     

X60/625镍基合金复合管环缝焊接工艺及应用

X60/625双金属复合管环缝焊接时,由于2种材料化学成分和物理性能差异太大,易引起镍基合金层氧化、稀释等问题,从而影响覆层耐腐蚀性和管道完整性.针对该问题,文中通过对X60/625双金属复合管焊接性的分析和焊接工艺的研究,制定出适用于X60/625双金属复合管环缝焊接工艺.经过焊缝无损检验、理化性能检验、耐腐蚀性能检...     

X80管线钢焊接热模拟热影响区疲劳裂纹扩展行为的分析及预测

通过焊接热模拟方法对X80双相管线钢不同焊接热影响区疲劳裂纹扩展行为进行了研究,并分析实际焊接试样与焊接热模拟试样的热影响区疲劳裂纹扩展行为的差异,讨论了焊接热模拟技术应用于疲劳裂纹扩展寿命预测的可行性。结果表明,当裂纹在粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)和临界热影响区(ICHAZ)上扩展时,由实际焊接试样与焊接热模拟试样热影响区所测得的疲劳裂纹扩展速率曲线(da/dN-DK曲线)存在明显差异,其原因与显微组织变化引起的裂纹扩展阻力大小不同有关。因此,建议采用实际焊接试样完整的热影响区所测得的da/dN-DK曲线来评估疲劳裂纹扩展寿命。     

An experimental study of the fracture properties of oil pipeline girth welds

The application of fracture mechanics to the "Fitness For Purpose" assessment of the fracture properties of pipeline girth welds is generally essential for the safe operation of oil pipeline systems. Based on the analysis of the fracture toughness requirements of the oil pipeline girth weld, a systematic study has been conducted on the fracture behavior of the API 5L X65 steel pipelin egirth weld made by two welding materials. The critical COD values of the pipe line girth weld under the different temperatures are tested. In the paper other influential factors on fracture behavior are also discussed, such as the welding materials, the welding positions (flat welding, vertical welding, overhead welding), the welded joint area (weld, heat-affected zone, fusion line and base metal) and the experiment temperature. The result shows that the welding material, the welded joint area and the experiment temperature have considerable influence on the fracture behavior of pipeline girth welds. It is also concluded that t he effect of the welding position is related to the welding process. The study provides a scientific basis for the welding of oil pipelines.     

高强管线钢的焊接性及其焊接接头的耐腐蚀性

近年来,油气输送管道朝大管径方向发展,输送介质复杂,输送压力增大,使用条件越来越苛刘,因而管道材料的研究正朝着具有高强度、高韧性以及优良的现场焊接性等多方面性能发展,国产高强X70管线钢已在西气东输工程中投入使用。由于焊接工艺是输气管道铺设的主要工艺之一,高压输送管道的焊接部位,尤其是铺设管道环焊部位是失效事故的多发位王,因此,针对国产X70,XSO管线钢从焊接方法、焊接材料等方面进行了阐述,分析了其焊接性,并进一步讨论了其焊接接头的耐腐蚀性能。     

Microstructure transformation of X70 pipeline steel welding heat-affected zone

The continuous cooling transformation curve of heat-affected zone(HAZ) of X70 pipeline steel was measured by Gleeble-3500 thermal mechanical simulator,optical microscope(OM) and hardness analysis. The microstructure transformation rule at different cooling rates and solution behaviors of microalloy carbonitride during heating process of simulated specimens were investigated.When the cooling rate changes from 10 to 20 °Cás-1,microstructures at HAZ are identified as granular bainite,lathy bainite, and quasi-polygonal ferrite. This microstructure is featured with fine ferrite grains, martensite/austenite islands dispersed, high-density dislocations, and fine carbonitride particles, resulting in improving the strength and toughness of HAZ. With the cooling rate increasing to above 40 °Cás-1, the microstructure is predominantly coarse lathy bainite with clear primary austenite grain boundary. While the cooling rate decreases to below 1 °Cás-1, a fairly small amount of pearlite can be observed at the boundaries. The strength and toughness of HAZ are deteriorated because of coarse grains among these microstructures. Most of microalloy carbonitrides in HAZ could be dissolved in the matrix during heating process. A few of TiN particles existing as residues in the matrix can prevent austenite grain from growing, and then improve the strength and toughness of HAZ.