Gas dynamic control of properties of welded joints from high strength alloyed steels

Gas dynamic control in welding with consumable electrode in conditions of two-jet gas shielding and its impact on the processes in the welding area and properties of the welded joints from high strength alloyed steel 30HGSA is considered in the paper. The results of a comparative experimental study of controlling the properties of welded joints by changing the gas dynamics of the active shielding gas are given. The impact force of a shielding gas jet on the drop of the electrode metal is 12 times higher in conditions of two-jet gas shielding than in those of single jet shielding. It is found that gas dynamics of the active shielding gas jet determines the formation of the welded joints, their chemical properties and the properties of the welded joints from high strength alloyed steels. The consumable electrode welding method with two-jet gas shielding provides controlled dynamics in the welding area and allows controlling the transfer of the electrode metal, chemical composition of the weld, stabilizing the welding process, it ensures higher mechanical properties of the welded joints.     

机车车体Q345E钢Ar+CO_2+O_2三元混合保护气体MAG焊接头的组织和性能

选用富氩低氧化性的Ar+CO_2+O_2三元混合焊接气体(即Rich-argon Lower-oxidizability Ar+CO_2+O_2三元混合气体,简称RALO三元混合气体),通过与传统φ(Ar)80%+φ(CO_2)20%二元混合焊接气体(简称二元混合气体)相对比,研究机车车体Q345E钢MAG焊接头的组织和性能。试验结果表明,RALO三元混合气体的焊缝成形较为平滑、美观;三元混合气体的焊缝低温冲击韧性略高于二元混合气体,冲击吸收功A_(kv)(-40℃)值高出约13%;选用三元混合气体或二元混合气体进行焊接,MAG焊接头的组织特征上差别不大,即组织类型相同、形貌特征相似、晶粒尺寸相近,且焊接接头塑性良好,静载拉伸试验试样均断裂于远离焊缝的母材处。     

热输入对BWELDY960Q钢焊接接头组织性能的影响

采用MAG焊方法焊接低合金高强度钢BWELDY960Q,在不同焊接工艺参数下获得焊接接头,研究焊接热输入对焊接接头组织性能的影响. 结果表明,随着焊接热输入的提高,焊缝中针状铁素体的体积分数呈现先增加后减少的趋势,当焊接热输入为12.32 kJ/cm时,焊缝中获得的针状铁素体所占的比例达到最大值. 针状铁素体数量的增加,提高了焊缝和熔合区的冲击吸收功、焊接接头的抗拉强度、断后伸长率和断面收缩率. 焊缝冲击断口呈韧窝花样,等轴韧窝与抛物线韧窝交替分布. 熔合区冲击断口呈解理特征,解理台阶层次明显,并存在较多的撕裂棱.     

Study of microstructures and of domestic X70 properties for girth welding pipeline steels

With the development of domestic pipeline steels, it is necessary to develop suitable welding technology which can improve the properties of the welded pipeline. In this paper, the microstructures and mechanical properties of domestic XTO pipeline steels and welded joints are discussed. The welding consumables of BOHLER E6010 and HOBART 81N1 are matched for girth welding. The following characteristics in heat-affected zone（ HAZ） are indicated that microstructures of intercritical HAZ（ ICHAZ） is finer and more uniform, the grain sizes of fine-grain HAZ （ FGHAZ） and subcritical HAZ （ SCHAZ） are smaller than that of coarse-grain HAZ（ CGHAZ）. The hardness, tensile strength and toughness of welded joints come up to the standard. The micrographs of impact specimens in welded joints are cleavage, quasi-cleavage and dimple which shows there is typical ductile rupture.     

Effect of heat treatment temperature on dissimilar welded joint

The dissimilar metals 1Crl8Ni9 and 16MnR are welded by shielded metal arc welding process using electrode A312. The corrosion experiments are carried out on welded joint samples, which is as-welded and post-weld heat treatment at 650 ℃, 750 ℃ and 850 ℃, for 2 h in 70% sodium hydroxide solution. EDS and X-ray diffraction analysis are carried out on the samples after corrosion. Average corrosion rate calculation and microhardness measurement are conducted on both as- welded and post-weld heat treatment samples. The results indicate that average corrosion rate of as-welded joint metal is smaller than that of post-weld heat treatment joint metal. Compared with that of post-weld heat treatment at 750 ℃ and 850 ℃ for 2 h, the average corrosion rate of welded joint after post-weld heat treatment at 650 ℃ for 2 h increases greatly.     

Microstructure and properties of SAF2507 superduplex stainless steel welded joints

SAF2507 plates （ 12 mm thickness ） were welded using shield metal arc welding （SMAW） process with E2594 electrode. The microstructure, o-phase, and impact fraetograph of the welded joints were analyzed using optical microscope and scanning electron mieroseope. The results show that the fusion zone consists of ferrite, chromium nitride, and secondary aastenite precipitation when welding is performed at low heat input （0. 5 kJ/mm）. However, the increase in heat input causes precipitation of brittle o＂ phase at the y/c~ interface in weld metal and heat-affected zone, as well as a brittle fracture along the grain boundary. Heat input in the range of O. 5 kJ/mm to 1.5 kJ/mm is suitable for joining SAF2507 plates.     

Microstructure and properties of Nd:YAG laser welded AZ31B magnesium alloy

Biodegradable magnesium-based alloys are very promising materials for temporary implants. Laser welding is an important joining method in such application. In this study, the as-rolled AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets of 1 mm in thickness were successfully joined by Nd ： YAG laser welding. The microstructure and properties of the welded joint were investigated. The result shows that the welded joint is characterized by a narrow heat-affected zone, finer grains and a large number of precipitates distribute in the matrix in the weld. Microhardness of the weld is significantly improved to 72 HV 0. 05 as compared to 55 HV 0. 05 of the base metal. Tensile strength of butt-welded joint is 180. 24 MPa, which is 76. 8% that of the base metal. The electrochemical corrosion experiment shows that the corrosion resistance of laser welded joint is significantly improved in a 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution.     

高Ti-Nb系高强钢焊接接头回火前后的力学行为

采用混合气体保护焊,研究了高Ti-Nb成分体系控轧控冷高强钢焊接接头在回火前后的力学性能变化,阐述了焊态接头的软化机理,分析了这些变化与微观组织的联系. 结果表明,随焊接热输入的增加,细小的(Ti,Nb)(C,N)析出相粒子回溶基体,CGHAZ软化程度加剧;回火后接头软化程度缓解,母材强度提高,但随着回火温度的提高,接头及母材的冲击韧性均呈降低趋势,其原因与原始组织遗传及正交Fe₃C型碳化物沿晶界析出有关.     

焊接方法对1000MPa级熔敷金属组织及力学性能的影响

在相同热输入下分别采用熔化极活性气体保护焊(MAG)和钨极氩弧焊(TIG)进行1 000 MPa级熔敷金属试验,通过光学显微镜、透射电镜及断口分析等手段研究焊接方法对其组织和性能的影响. 结果表明,MAG焊熔敷效率明显高于TIG焊,MAG焊中出现了明显的"指状熔深". MAG焊熔敷金属及道间热影响区组织明显较TIG焊粗化. TIG焊熔敷金属组织细化、分布取向多样化且均匀分布的较多残余奥氏体是TIG焊低温冲击韧性优异的原因之一;MAG焊中生成大量非金属夹杂物易成为解理断裂起裂源,是导致熔敷金属冲击韧性恶化的因素之一. TIG焊力学性能明显优于MAG焊,这与焊接方法所导致的组织构成及夹杂物有直接关系.     

机械振动对WQ960钢焊接接头组织和性能的影响

采用机械振动辅助MAG焊焊接WQ960高强度钢,通过对不同振动参数下焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能分析,研究机械振动对焊接接头的显微组织、冲击韧性和抗拉强度的影响规律.结果表明,机械振动的施加提高焊缝和熔合区的冲击吸收功效果明显,可达15%,对热影响区的冲击吸收功影响不大,焊接接头的抗拉性能也有所提高,但幅度不大仅为2%.施加机械振动后改善了一次柱状晶的形态,得到以细小的针状铁素体为主的焊缝组织,这对提高焊接接头的强韧性十分有利.振动状态下焊缝冲击断口纤维区的韧窝较深,晶状区的解理台阶层次明显,存在较多的撕裂棱,且均匀细化.     

高速列车用耐候钢活性MAG焊接技术

提出了活性熔化极气体保护焊焊接新方法,获得了高质量的活性熔化极气体保护焊焊接接头.结果表明,活性熔化极气体保护焊焊缝表面成形好、活性焊接接头内部质量高、活性焊接操作性好、活性熔化极气体保护焊相对传统熔化极气体保护焊同等焊接热输入下熔深增加,焊接接头拉伸及弯曲力学性能不降低,同时焊接接头的冲击韧性得到提高,特别是活性焊接接头热影响区的冲击吸收功得到提升,焊接接头的断口韧窝尺寸更细小.活性熔化极气体保护焊可以提高耐候钢焊接质量,改善难熔结构焊接熔深,具有工程应用价值.     

304不锈钢三元保护气体MAG焊工艺及其接头组织和力学性能

采用MAG焊在对接接头形式下,分别选用二元保护气体(Ar+O2)和不同比例的三元保护气体(Ar+CO2+O2),在4mm厚的304不锈钢板上进行焊接工艺试验。焊后观察并测量焊接接头,比较不同保护气体下的焊缝外观成形质量,测量焊缝合金元素及氧的含量,并测试了焊接接头的硬度、拉伸、弯曲以及低温冲击性能。     

保护气体对06Cr19Ni10钢焊接接头组织与性能的影响

通过拉伸、弯曲、硬度试验和金相分析,研究06Cr19Ni10不锈钢在φ(Ar)95%+φ(CO2)5%和φ(Ar)97%+φ(O2)3%两种保护气体下的MAG焊接头。结果表明:两种接头均具有良好的拉伸和弯曲性能;两者的显微硬度分布大致相同,焊缝硬度最高,热影响区硬度最低;母材基体组织为奥氏体,基体上有少量沿轧制方向分布的带状δ铁素体;焊缝中心为黑色树枝状δ铁素体均匀分布在白色奥氏体基体上,且晶粒细小均匀;熔合线附近为柱状奥氏体组织和板条状铁素体组织;热影响区组织为奥氏体基体上兼有少量δ铁素体。     

Formation mechanism of the porous zone at the bonded Si3 N4/Ni interface

Diffusion bonding of Si3N4 ceramic to itself was performed using Ni interlayer. A flat Si3N4/Ni interface was found at a lower temperature （ 1 273 K）. Whereas at a higher temperature （ 1 473 K）, a porous zone located at the Si3N4/Ni interface and some petal-like Ni3 Si compounds precipitated in the Ni interlayer were observed. The formation mechanism of the porous zone was investigated based on a fracture analysis. An additional stress （O＇add ） generated at the Si3NJNi interface played an important role in the formation of the porous zone, which was resulted from the aggregation of nitrogen during the bonding process. A calculation equation of the O＇aaj was derived to analyze its effects. The results indicated that %~ was directly in dependent with diffusion bonding temperature and dwell time.     

00Cr12Ni双相组织不锈钢焊接接头区域特征与性能

采用熔化极活性气体保护焊(metal active gas arc welding, MAG焊)、等离子弧焊(plasma arc welding, PAW)和高频感应焊接方法获得铁素体+马氏体双相组织不锈钢00Cr12Ni的焊接接头,对其组织区域特征和力学性能进行了研究.典型的焊接接头热影响区(heat affected zone, HAZ)可分为晶粒粗大,铁素体为优势相的高温热影响区(high temperature heat affected zone, HTHAZ)和晶粒细小,马氏体为优势相的低温热影响区(low temperature heat affected zone, LTHAZ).通过测量实际焊接热循环曲线的方法确定了HTHAZ及LTHAZ的温度范围,并采用热模拟研究HAZ不同区域的力学性能.结果表明,HTHAZ的热循环峰值范围为1 200℃至熔点,晶粒粗大呈现为脆性;LTHAZ热循环峰值范围为800～1 200℃,室温组织为非平衡低碳板条马氏体,韧性较好,但低于0℃时呈脆性. MAG焊接头由于奥氏体焊缝为钟罩形,HAZ冲击试验时断面包括奥氏体焊缝,因此冲击性能较好;...     

Strength evaluation of ultra-high strength steels and spot weld of automotive bodies

Cockcrofi-Latham fracture criterion was applied to predict the fracture of high strength steels. A Marciniak-type biaxial stretching test of the four classes of high strength steels was carried out to measure the material damage limit of Cockcrofi-Latham fracture criterion. Furthermore, in order to improve the simulation accuracy, the local anisotropic parameters depending on the plastic strain （strain dependent model of anisotropy ） were measured by digital image correlation method and incorporated into Hill＇ s anisotropic yield condition by authors. To confirm the validity of Cockcrofi-Latham fracture criterion, the uniaxial tensile tests based on JIS No. 5 tensile specimen were performed. The force-displacement history and fracture happening strokes were predicted with high accuracy. Then, Cockcrofi-Latham fracture criterion was applied to predict the failure of four types of spot welded joints. To simulate the local bending and warping deformations around the heataffected zone, the discrete Kirchhoff triangle element was adapted. FEM results for four classes of high strength steels and four types of spot welded joints had a good correlation with experimental ones.     

热输入对T4003/Q450NQR1异种钢焊接接头组织及性能的影响

采用奥氏体焊材ER309LSi-G焊丝对T4003铁素体不锈钢与Q450NQR1耐候钢异种钢进行两种不同焊接热输入的MAG焊接,通过显微组织和力学性能等试验,对两种焊接接头性能进行研究。结果表明:两种焊接接头均未发现缺陷,焊接接头性能较好。与0.82 kJ/mm热输入比较,0.62 kJ/mm热输入下的焊接接头冲击韧性及硬度较好,熔合线较窄,晶粒度较为细小,拉伸数值较高,更加适用于T4003铁素体不锈钢与Q450NQR1耐候钢异种钢焊接。     

保护气体对1.4003不锈钢焊接接头组织和疲劳性能的影响

CO2与O2作为MAG焊接时常用的活性气体,对1.4003不锈钢接头的金相组织与疲劳性能有不同的影响。通过金相组织分析和脉动拉伸疲劳试验,研究两种保护气氛下1.4003钢MAG焊接头的组织和疲劳性能。结果表明:两种接头焊缝组织的基体均为奥氏体,基体上分布δ铁素体;当保护气体为φ(Ar)95%+φ(CO2)5%时,中值疲劳强度为312.5 MPa;当保护气体为φ(Ar)97%+φ(O2)3%时,中值疲劳强度为302.5 MPa。两种保护气体的疲劳试件断裂位置主要集中在热影响区,均有明显的启裂源,扩展区疲劳纹清晰,终断区形态为韧窝型韧性断口。     

Effect of welding technology on the mechanical properties of welded joints in pipes for deep water offshore gas pipelines

Results of investigations into the dependence of mechanical properties of welded joints of pipes for offshore pipelines on welding conditions are presented. In particular, the results show that the mechanical properties of pipes of the strength categories K60 (X70) and K56 (X65) are influenced mainly by the heat input, the fracture toughness of welded joints, and pipes of a high strength category are lower by 30–35% than in the case of the K56 (X65) pipes. The hardness of the weld metal in the upper layers is 15–17% higher for automatic submerged arc welding and in the lower layers for gas-shielded automatic arc welding. In inspecting the mechanical properties of the welded joints, special attention must be given to the longitudinal welded joints in the pipes.     

SMA490BW耐候钢激光-电弧复合焊接接头性能

高速列车转向架服役环境复杂,易受到大气腐蚀,通常使用耐候钢作为转向架材料。SMA490BW耐候钢以普通碳素钢为基础,添加了耐大气腐蚀的Cu、P、Cr、Ni等元素,具备较好的耐腐蚀性。采用激光-MAG复合焊及MAG焊,针对SMA490BW接头性能、微观组织及合金元素波动进行研究。结果表明,复合焊接头组织核力学性能优于MAG焊接接头,且合金元素成分波动较小,在转向架焊接中可实现对MAG焊接工艺的替代和优化。