NiTi纤维增强粘弹性基体与弹性基体复合材料的力学特性

借助Voigt混合律,针对马氏体逆相变过程,建立了NiTi纤维增强Kelvin粘弹性基体与弹性基体两种复合材料的应力-应变关系.在同样的升温过程及应力作用下,对两种复合材料的变形(应变)、约束态NiTi纤维逆相变开始温度进行了分析对比;升温、加载经历一段时间后,限制两种复合材料的应变为固定值,分析其受力特征.分析有助于了解NiTi纤维增强粘弹性基体与弹性基体复合材料的力学性能.     

微合金化对Ti基非晶复合材料的组织和力学性能的影响

采用悬浮熔炼-水冷铜模吸铸法制备了(Ti0.5Ni0.5-xZrx)80Cu20(x=0,0.02,0.04,0.06和0.08)。通过对Zr的添加量的控制制备具有组织连续梯度的非晶复合材料,研究其组织和力学行为及微量Zr的添加对此非晶复合材料的组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,凝固过程的温度梯度决定了复合材料的组织梯度,由表及里,主要为非晶相、马氏体相和奥氏体树枝晶相。铸态非晶基体上析出了B2-Ti(Ni,Cu)过冷奥氏体相和B19’-Ti(Ni,Cu)热诱发马氏体相,加载断裂后应力诱发马氏体相变,马氏体衍射峰比铸态增强且马氏体择优取向。随着Zr的不断添加,此系列非晶合金非晶形成能力先提高后降低,奥氏体含量不断下降,相变诱发塑性减弱,从而塑性逐级递减,强度先升高后降低。     

形状记忆合金短纤维增强弹塑性基体复合材料的力学行为

基于Eshelby等效夹杂方法和Mori-Tanaka的平均化理论推导了针对SMA短纤维增强弹塑性基体复合材料的细观力学模型。利用此模型,分析了这种复合材料的力学行为,讨论了材料温度、纤维体积分数和纤维特征形状等参数对复合材料残余应力和残余应变的影响。这对复合材料的分析和设计都有重要的意义。      

形状记忆纤维热粘弹性基体复合材料的力学行为

应用热粘弹性理论和Voigt混合律,在变温场中针对马氏体逆相变过程建立了NiTi形状记忆纤维热粘弹性基体复合材料的应力-应变关系,在逆相变过程和基体呈现热粘弹态阶段,由于基体松弛其模量减小,在跃阶拉应力的作用下,复合材料的压缩应变迅速增大,纤维回复应力先增大后减小;在跃阶拉应变的作用下,复合材料的应力增加先变缓然后加快直至稳定,较高的温度和材料参数对NiTi纤维热粘弹性基体复合材料的力学行为和纤维的作动性能有明显的影响.     

基于内聚力模型的形状记忆合金短纤维增强树脂基复合材料的模拟分析

通过单纤维拔出实验和单轴拉伸实验, 测定了形状记忆合金(SMA)增强树脂基复合材料的界面脱粘剪切强度和单向随机分布SMA短纤维增强复合材料的拉伸强度。根据蒙特卡罗法和边界条件控制方程, 编写了适于软件调用的单向随机分布短纤维增强复合材料的APDL语言生成程序, 建立数值模拟模型。基于指数型内聚力模型, 对SMA纤维与环氧树脂基体界面分离(即界面脱粘)过程进行了有限元模拟。结果表明: 相同纤维体积分数下, 随着纤维长细比的减小, 复合材料整体弹性模量逐渐降低; 温度驱使SMA纤维弹性模量发生变化, 可以有效提高复合材料整体弹性模量。     

钛镍形状记忆合金拉伸过程的声发射特征研究

对奥氏体状态下的钛镍形状记忆合金(SMA)的拉伸过程进行了声发射监测,通过声发射特征参数分析了SMA拉伸过程中的马氏体相变、塑性变形等细观力学行为。结果表明,马氏体相变过程中声发射源活动性最强,塑性变形过程的声发射源活动性较差;马氏体相变所产生的声发射信号振铃计数和持续时间分别小于100次和1 000μs;塑性变形所产生的声发射信号振铃计数和持续时间分别达到800次和4 000μs。上升时间-持续时间关联分析结果表明声发射源可分为马氏体相变和塑性变形两类,振铃计数-幅值关联分析可将声发射源分为马氏体相变、塑性变形起始以及屈服断裂3类。     

单向纤维复合材料导热性预测

本文利用均匀化方法预测复合材料导热性。采用这一方法给出了单向纤维复合材料沿纤维方向的导热性表达式;将该方法与有限元技术结合得到了在垂直于纤维方向上复合材料导热性数值形式的预测结果。根据这些结果我们用曲线形式给出了材料导热性同各组分体分比间的关系,分析了体分比、纤维截面形状和分布方式、纤维和基体间的相对导热系数等因素对材料整体导热性影响。注意到纤维分布的随机性,本文还研究了纤维相对位置对材料导热性的影响,指出相对位置的变化可导致材料的各向异性导热性。本文指出基体相导热性对材料整体导热性的影响比纤维相的影响更重要。和已有的理论和实验结果的比较说明,本文提出的方法是很有效的。      

压电复合材料的电弹耦合特性分析

利用Eshelby 理论及Mori-Tanaka 平均场原理, 推导出压电陶瓷/ 聚合物两相复合材料的有效电弹模量表达式。该表达式能反映两相材料复合的物理本质。并以椭圆柱形压电纤维增强的聚合物基复合材料为例,分析压电复合材料的电弹耦合特性。结果表明: 复合材料的平均电弹模量在很大程度上取决于电弹耦合效应;该效应与组成相的空间连接型、体积占有率及压电夹杂形状有关; 耦合效应的存在是由各组成相材料性能差异引起的。      

304L不锈钢形变诱导马氏体的X射线衍射分析

为准确测定304L奥氏体不锈钢中形变诱导马氏体的含量,更好地解释该材料中形变诱导马氏体相变机制,使用X射线衍射法对一系列形变后的奥氏体不锈钢样品进行研究,采用Rietveld全谱拟合法对各物相含量进行分析,并与传统的直接对比法、K值法进行比较,该法能最大限度克服传统方法的缺点。分析结果显示:304L奥氏体不锈钢形变过程中会发生α′和ε马氏体相变,且低温形变会加速奥氏体不锈钢中奥氏体相向马氏体相的转变。     

近等原子比TiNi合金薄膜的组织及相变动态观察

采用磁控溅射法制备TiNi非晶薄膜.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等方法研究了TiNi合金薄膜的组织形貌、电子衍射花样,并对其相变过程进行了动态观察.结果表明:态薄膜为非晶态,对其在515℃进行1 h的晶化处理后,薄膜中析出了TiNi3相;晶化处理后的TiNi合金薄膜加热到100℃时,薄膜中R相和马氏体相以切变方式完全转变为奥氏体;当冷却至室温时,是以R相、马氏体相以及少量的奥氏体相存在.其加热过程中的相变顺序为:马氏体相→R相→奥氏体相.冷却过程中的相变顺序为:奥氏体相→R相→马氏体相.     

熔渗温度对Si/Al复合材料组织及性能的影响

采用无压熔渗法制备Si/Al复合材料,研究了熔渗温度对所制备Si/Al复合材料Si相形貌的影响,对Si相间基体合金的凝固组织进行了分析,测试了Si/Al复合材料热膨胀系数、热导率及抗弯强度。结果表明,在相同熔渗时间下,随着熔渗温度升高,所制备Si/Al复合材料中Si相从颗粒状到形成网络状。Si相间的Al-Si基体合金中不再是典型的初生相和共晶组织,而是出现了类似离异共晶的结晶现象,即初晶Si和共晶Si是在原存的Si相上结晶长大。XRD分析显示在所制备复合材料中只有Si相和Al相。随着熔渗温度升高复合材料热膨胀系数、热导率以及抗弯强度均出现下降。     

形状记忆合金超弹性分段线性模型及其阻尼特性

建立简单有效的本构关系模型是形状记忆合金（SMA）工程应用和理论分析的一个必要条件。考虑相变过程中马氏体含量的影响,对SMA非线性本构关系进行简化,建立了SMA超弹性应力应变关系的分段线性模型。以此为基础,给出了损耗因子等特性参数计算表达式,并探讨了特性参数随应变幅值、温度等变化的规律,最后应用于一种常见的振动模型,考察了影响其隔振性能的因素。结果表明：应变幅值是影响SMA耗能能力的主要因素;并联弹簧的刚度会对SMA的作用效果产生影响。     

Shape Memory Effect,Thermal Expansion and Damping Property of Friction Stir Processed NiTip/Al Composite

NiTi particles reinforced aluminum(NiTip/Al) composite was prepared via friction stir processing,eliminating interfacial reaction and/or elemental diffusion.The NiTip in the composite maintained the intrinsic characteristic of a reversible thermoelastic phase transformation even after heat-treatment.The shape memory characteristic of the NiTip decreased the coefficient of thermal expansion of the Al matrix,and an apparent two-way shape memory effect was observed in the composite.The composite owned a good combination of adjustable damping and thermal physical properties.     

Nonlinear free vibration analysis of shape memory alloy embedded laminated composite shell panel

High specific strength and stiffness are characteristics desired for aircraft and launch vehicle domains to enhance the payload gain and performance. The mechanical properties of the composites can be further tailored by embedding structural components, such as shape memory alloys, into the passive composite structure. The present study is primarily focused on the nonlinear free vibration analysis of spherical and cylindrical composite shell panels embedded with shape memory alloy fibers. The nonlinear finite element governing equations based on the higher-order shear deformation plate theory and principle of virtual work with nonlinear von-Karman strain displacement relations are employed for the analysis. The temperature-dependent material properties of shape memory alloy are considered in the formulation. A nine-noded isoperimetric element is accounted for synthesizing the element for the finite formulation. The Young's modulus and the recovery stress vary with temperature and higher nonlinearity. The incremental method is used to generate the inputs for the temperature-dependent nonlinear properties of materials. The temperature change is divided by many small temperature increments. The temperature-dependent material properties are assumed constant during the small increment. The mechanics of shape memory alloy in substrate are presented and the governing equation of laminated composite with shape memory alloy is obtained and implemented in the MATLAB 7.8 program.     

Influence of Thermal Strain on Thermal Properties of Composites

The temperature dependence of the thermal expansion characteristics of the AS21 magnesium alloy, AS21–25 vol% Saffil fiber composite and the Mg-10 vol% Saffil fiber composite has been measured in the temperature range from 20 to 380°C. The expansion characteristics were influenced by the residual and thermal strains. The residual strain was removed within the first thermal cycle. The relative elongation of the tensile pre-deformed AS21–25 vol% Saffil fiber composite is lower than that for the sample without deformation and for the composite pre-deformed in compression. The anisotropy of the thermal expansion is demonstrated on the Mg-10 vol% Saffil fiber composite. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) in the transverse direction (TD) (the planes of the short Saffil fibers are laid perpendicular to the axis of the sample) is higher than the CTE in the longitudinal direction (LD) (the planes of the short Saffil fibers are laid parallel to the axis of the sample). The anisotropy and the thermal strain influence the thermal diffusivity for AS21 composites investigated at temperatures between 20 and 380°C.Paper presented at the Seventeenth European Conference on Thermophysical Properties, September 5-8, 2005, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.     

Basic design guidelines for SMA/epoxy smart composites

The actuating ability and reliability of shape memory alloy (SMA) hybrid composites were studied in this paper. Results showed that by selecting small hysteresis SMAs such as TiNiCu alloy, SMA hybrid composites have a linear stress–temperature behavior, which is relatively easy to control. The curing process of the epoxy matrix does not affect significantly the actuating ability of the embedded TiNiCu alloy wires. A moderate prestrain of the TiNiCu wires is preferred when giving attention to both the mechanical properties and the reliability of the TiNiCu hybrid composites. Additional reinforcing fibers with a negative thermal expansion coefficient such as Kevlar fibers are helpful to strengthen the reliability of the interface and enhance the actuating ability of the SMA hybrid composites. Based on the experimental results, some basic guidelines for designing shape memory hybrid composites were proposed.     

Thermal stress development in fibrous composites

In this work, the thermal stress development in anisotropic fiber-reinforced polymer composites is investigated for temperatures below the glass transition temperature of the resin. By applying two independent experimental methodologies, it was found that the initial thermal (residual) strain in the reinforcing fibers is compressive of about − 0.04% at ambient temperatures. This is due to the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficient between the polymer matrix and fiber, as the material is cooled down from the processing temperature. However, on reheating the composites the compressive stress in the fiber gradually diminishes and becomes zero at 50 °C. Further heating to 100 °C introduces tensile strains in the fiber of maximum of 0.13%. The conformity of these results to analytical models that relate the composite thermal strain to the thermal expansion coefficients of fiber and resin, as well as, the fiber volume fraction, is examined. Finally, the possibility of tailoring the sign (positive, negative or, even, zero) of the composite thermal expansion coefficient of certain advanced composites by simply varying the thermal expansion of the polymer matrix, is discussed.     

形状记忆合金纤维混杂正交对称铺层板的固有频率

形状记忆合金（SMA）混杂复合材料板是将有预应变的SMA纤维与普通纤维混杂单层内构成的。基于主动应变能调节（ASET）的概念,可实现对板的固有频率的调整。本文采用Galerkin法导出形状记忆合金（SAM）纤维混杂对称正交智能复合材料铺层板自由振动的频率的分析表达式。数值结果表明,SMA纤维的相变激发温度、体积含量、分布方式及其预应变对固有频率均有的影响,尤其是温度、SAM含量及其分布的作用更为显著,是结构振动控制的重要设计参数。     

基于功效系数法的复合相变材料综合性能评价研究

复合相变材料性能优异,如何对其综合性能进行科学的评价,关系到相变材料的发展和相变领域的开拓。基于功效系数法原理,在综合分析复合相变材料制备工艺和应用性能的基础上,选取相变潜热、包覆率、导热系数、热稳定性、热效率、质量损失率和活化能为评价指标,采用变异系数法计算评价因子的权重系数,建立复合相变材料综合性能评价体系;以二十五烷/膨胀石墨复合相变材料为例进行检验,预测结果较好地反映了实际情况,说明基于功效系数法的复合相变材料综合性能评价体系具有较好的可靠性和实用性,为复合相变材料综合性能评价提供了一种新的思路和方法。