添加剂在不锈钢着色中的应用

讨论了钼酸盐,锰盐、氧化物、硫酸盐、锌盐、稀土盐等6种添加剂对不锈钢着色膜的影响.采用均匀设计法确定了最佳添加剂含量:6g/L锌盐、8 g/L钼酸盐、5g/L稀土盐、3g/L锰盐.不锈钢表面着色温度降低到55℃,膜层更加均匀,光亮,着色时间也大为缩短,同时降低了能耗.     

热浸镀锌层表面钛盐转化膜研究

利用钛盐成膜工艺在热镀锌层表面获得了色泽光亮、耐蚀性能优良的银白色转化膜层。采用扫描电镜、能谱仪、电化学极化和盐水浸泡方法研究了钛盐转化膜层的表面形貌、元素组成和耐蚀性能。分析了钛盐溶液成分及工艺参数对热镀锌层表面转化膜的耐蚀性能影响。确定的最佳工艺条件为:Ti(SO4)21g/L,H2O260mL/L,pH0.5～1.0,处理温度25～30°C,处理时间10min。热镀锌层经此工艺处理后,耐蚀性能明显提高。     

铝合金锰(Ⅶ)-钛(Ⅳ)系无铬化学转化成膜工艺

以KMnO4和TiOSO4为钝化剂主要成分,研究6063铝合金锰(VII)-钛(IV)系钝化成膜新工艺,考察钝化液成分、温度、pH值、反应时间对成膜过程及膜耐腐蚀性能的影响,并通过正交实验优化工艺方案,分析转化膜的形貌和化学组成,采用化学方法考察化学转化膜的耐蚀性能. 结果表明,最佳钝化液配方为：KMnO4 5 g/L, TiOSO4 2 g/L, NaF 0.05 g/L, ZnSO4 0.3 g/L. 在钝化温度50℃、钝化时间15 min及pH值2.7的最佳工艺条件下,锰(VII)-钛(IV)系钝化工艺制备的化学转化膜为金黄色,膜质量为589 mg/m2,膜主要由O, Mn, Al, Zn, Ti组成. 锰(VII)-钛(IV)系钝化新工艺环境友好,所制化学转化膜耐CuSO4点滴腐蚀性能优于Cr(VI)转化膜,耐人造海水腐蚀能力与Cr(VI)转化膜相近.     

铝材表面制备钼锰钛系化学转化膜的影响因素分析

分析了钼酸铵、高锰酸钾、氟钛酸、氯化钠和氟化铵等因素对铝材表面制备钼锰钛系化学转化膜的影响。最佳的成膜工艺条件为:钼酸铵10g/L,高锰酸钾1.0g/L,氟钛酸(45%)3.0g/L,氯化钠0.6g/L,氟化铵1.0g/L,室温,15min。形成的转化膜致密、均匀,耐蚀性良好。     

锆钛转化膜在镁合金车轮上耐腐蚀的研究

为了提高镁合金车轮表面的耐腐蚀性能,研究了锆钛转化膜在镁合金汽车轮毂上腐蚀性能。采用正交试验方法,研究锆钛转化膜工艺影响因素。转化膜处理后进行环氧粉末涂料喷涂,通过附着力、CASS和FILIFORM试验检查涂层性能。通过正交试验得出最佳转化膜处理工艺方案为:碱洗50 g/L,酸洗5.5 g/L,无铬钝化液40 g/L,封闭0.1 g/L,锆钛转化膜提高了镁合金轮毂表面涂层的附着力和耐腐蚀性。     

LY12铝合金表面钒–钛复合转化膜的制备与耐蚀性研究

为解决单一钒酸盐转化膜表面因存在裂纹而耐蚀性不佳的问题,采用由硫酸氧钛(Ti OSO4)、偏钒酸钠(Na VO3)组成的转化液,在LY12铝合金表面制备出钒–钛复合转化膜。通过中性盐雾(NSS)测试讨论了Ti OSO4和Na VO3质量浓度、时间、温度、p H等工艺条件对转化膜耐蚀性的影响,并通过单因素试验得到了最佳转化条件:Ti OSO4 0.5 g/L,Na VO3 0.4 g/L,p H 4.0,温度25°C,转化时间10 min。用扫描电镜和能谱分析了转化膜的表面形貌及元素组成。结果表明,由O、Ti、V、Al、Mg等元素组成的钒–钛复合转化膜无裂纹。LY12铝合金经转化处理后,在3.5%Na Cl溶液中的腐蚀电位较转化前正移56 m V,腐蚀电流密度减小约1/5,耐盐雾时间达到91 h,耐蚀性得到显著提高。     

EDTA对两种镁合金化学转化膜性能的影响

研究了EDTA对镁合金锡酸盐、磷酸盐化学转化膜性能的影响。采用扫描电镜观察了两种化学转化膜的表面形貌,采用X射线衍射仪分析了两种化学转化膜的成分,并采用电化学工作站测试了两种化学转化膜的耐蚀性。结果表明:加入0.3g/L EDTA的锡酸盐化学转化膜晶粒细小、均匀,堆积十分紧密,无缝隙;加入2.0g/L EDTA的磷酸盐化学转化膜结晶细小、均匀,结构致密。锡酸盐化学转化膜的相组成为Mg、Al12Mg17和MgSn(OH)6;磷酸盐化学转化膜的相组成为Mg、Al12Mg17和Mn2Mg(PO4)2。通过对比可知,加入EDTA对锡酸盐化学转化膜耐蚀性的影响更为显著。     

不同添加剂对镁合金锡酸盐转化膜耐蚀性的影响

研究了不同添加剂对镁合金锡酸盐转化膜耐蚀性的影响。通过单因素试验,得出了镁合金锡酸盐化学转化的最优配方:锡酸钠25 g/L,焦磷酸钠35 g/L,乙酸钠7 g/L,氢氧化钠7 g/L,EDTA 0.3 g/L,温度70℃,时间80 min。5种添加剂中,EDTA对镁合金锡酸盐转化膜耐蚀性的提高效果最显著。最优配方下得到的锡酸盐转化膜晶粒细小、均匀,堆积十分紧密,无缝隙,其相组成为Mg、Al_(12)Mg_(17)和MgSn(OH)_6。     

不同稀土元素对镁合金钼酸盐转化膜耐蚀性的影响

研究了硝酸铈、氧化钕和硝酸镧对镁合金钼酸盐转化膜耐蚀性的影响。通过单因素试验,得出添加氧化钕的镁合金钼酸盐化学转化的最佳配方为:钼酸铵25g/L,硝酸钠1.5g/L,硝酸锰1.0g/L,柠檬酸1.5g/L,氧化钕0.4g/L,pH值5,温度60℃,时间30min。最佳配方下得到的膜层均匀平滑,结晶颗粒细小、分布均匀、大小均等。添加氧化钕的钼酸盐转化膜的自腐蚀电流密度最低,耐蚀性最好。     

铝材表面制备钼锰钛系化学转化膜的研究

通过正交试验优选出一种在铝材表面形成金黄色化学转化膜的钼锰钛系表面处理工艺:钼酸铵12 g/L,高锰酸钾0.8 g/L,45%(质量分数)氟钛酸3.2 g/L,氯化钠0.6 g/L,氟化铵1.2 g/L,温度25°C,成膜时间10 min。以该处理工艺得到的转化膜在抗蚀性、与涂层的附着力和冲击强度方面达到或优于传统含铬钝化膜,可与各种涂装工艺配合使用。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.