Reclamation and reuse of distributed wastewater and programming based on cost analysis

In order to improve the water environment of Songhua River,develop and maintain a healthy water cycle,the article has made theoretical and mathematical analyses of wastewater treatment and reuse.It proposes that the important link of sustainable utilization of urban water resources is wastewater treatment and reuse,and the main approach of sustainable utilization of water resources is water saving,wastewater reclamation and reuse.Through establishing the cost equation of recycle water system and optimizing it by Matlab,an optimal treatment scale of the city recycle distributed wastewater system is obtained.The principles of recycle water system in northern areas are put forward based on the research of sustainable utilization of water resource in Songbei district.The results can provide experiences and references for water saving,wastewater reclamation and reuse in northern cities of China.     

Characteristic of COD removal and sludge settleability in biological treatment of hypersaline wastewater

Some cities in China such as Dalian,Qingdao andHong Kong,which are in close vicinity of sea,are a-bundant in seawater resource,and are puzzled aboutthe crisis of fresh water as well.Flushing toilets withseawater actively would be an effective way to developwater resources in coastal cities.Therefore,biologicaltreatment of hypersaline wastewater is crucial.Introdu-cing seawater into municipal wastewater treatment sys-tem introduces some other influences,especially on thebiological nitrogen re…     

Treatment of electroplating wastewater

To study the feasibility of treated water being used as rinsing water with CP/ED (chemical precipitation/ electrodialysis) system, the relation between concentration of Cr (Ⅵ) and conductivity of water is investigated, the effect of electrodialysis (ED) for different wastewater is also studied. And several parameters of importance that are relevant to the process are identified. Analysis of ICP (Inductively coupled plasma) and IC (Ion chromatography) shows that the main reason of conductivity increase in CP treated water is the increase of Na+ and Cl- ions. The 93.8%-100% of ions from wastewater both in ED and CP/ED systems was removed successfully. The results of experiments indicate that the CP/ED system is a feasible method for electroplating wastewater treatment, the CP/ED system used as a way of wastwater is not only in favour of environment, but also economic beneficial to achieve.     

Boron isotope method for study of seawater intrusion

A distinct difference in boron isotopes between seawater and terrestrial water is emphasized by δ11B values reported for seawater and groundwater, with an average of 38.8‰ and in the range of -8.9‰ to 9.8‰, respectively. The isotopic composition of boron in groundwater can be used to quantify seawater intrusion and identify intrusion types, e.g. seawater or brine intrusions with different chemical and isotopic characteristics, by using the relation of δ11B and chloride concentration. The feasibility of utilizing boron isotope in groundwater for studying seawater intrusion in Laizhou Bay Region, China, is reported in this study, which shows that boron isotope is a useful and excellent tool for the study of seawater intrusion.     

Evaluation of nitrate source in groundwater of southern part of North China Plain based on multi-isotope

Nitrate pollution in groundwater is a serious water quality problem that increases the risk of developing various cancers.Groundwater is the most important water resource and supports a population of 5 million in Anyang area of the southern part of the North China Plain. Determining the source of nitrate pollution is the challenge in hydrology area due to the complex processes of migration and transformation. A new method is presented to determine the source of nitrogen pollution by combining the composition characteristics of stable carbon isotope in dissolved organic carbon in groundwater. The source of groundwater nitrate is dominated by agricultural fertilizers, as well as manure and wastewater. Mineralization, nitrification and mixing processes occur in the groundwater recharge area, whereas the confined groundwater area is dominated by denitrification processes.     

Multi-reservoir joint operating rule in inter-basin water transfer-supply project

The joint operation of inter-basin water transfer-supply(IBWTS)project can be more complex when there is joint water demand in multi-reservoir system and multi-importing reservoirs simultaneously transferring water from exporting reservoir.In this study,a joint operating rule is proposed for the purpose of solving such complex operation problem.This rule is composed of a set of sub-rules,including hedging rule curves of virtual aggregation reservoir(i.e.equivalent reservoir)and other individual reservoirs,water-transfer rule curves of each individual reservoir,as well as some of important assisted rules.These assisted rules refer to allocation models for water transfer-supply.In the proposed rule,an equivalent reservoir is established to determine under what condition the water supply should be reduced and specify the total supplied water for joint water demand(i.e.aggregation method).Allocation models are developed to distribute the total transferred water into each importing reservoir and determine the water releases for joint water demand by each member reservoir of the aggregation system(i.e.decomposition method).And these models are integrated with a set of influence factors such as hydrologic characteristics,reservoir storage or vacant storage,regulating ability,water-supply pressure,and so on.The aggregation of multi-reservoirs and the disaggregation of water quantities are taken into a whole consideration to reduce the complexity in reallocation of water target storage or water release.Finally,the proposed rule is applied to the North-line IBWTS Project in Liaoning Province,China.The results indicate that the proposed rule can take full advantage of hydrologic compensation in basins and capacity compensation in reservoirs.Thus it can improve the utilization efficiency of water resources in system.     

Performance analysis of air-water dual source heat pump water heater with heat recovery

A new air-water dual source heat pump water heater with heat recovery is proposed.The heat pump system can heat water by using a single air source,a single water source,or air-water dual sources.The water is first pre-heated by waste hot water,then heated by the heat pump.Waste heat is recovered by first preheating the cold water and as water source of the heat pump.According to the correlated formulas of the coefficient of performance of air-source heat pump and water-source heat pump,and the gain coefficient of heat recovery-preheater,the formulas for the coefficient of performance of heat pump in six operating modes are obtained by using the dimensionless correspondence analysis method.The system characteristics of heat absorption and release associated with the heat recovery-preheater are analyzed at different working conditions.The developed approaches can provide reference for the optimization of the operating modes and parameters.The results of analysis and experiments show that the coefficient of performance of the device can reach 4-5.5 in winter,twice as much as air source heat pump water heater.The utilization of waste heat in the proposed system is higher than that in the system which only uses waste water to preheating or as heat source.Thus,the effect of energy saving of the new system is obvious.On the other hand,the dimensionless correspondence analysis method is introduced to performance analysis of the heat pump,which also has theoretical significance and practical value.     

Treatment of submerged hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane for reuse of sludge water

To lower the costs of wastewater treatment, the submerged hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane was employed to reuse the filter backwash water and settling tank sludge water. Experimental study indicates that the submerged hollow fiber uhrafihration membrane can condense the concentration of sludge from 0. 1% -0. 3% to 2.5%. At 20 ℃, the system can operate continuously for 80 clays with daily online backwashing with chemical additions only once, and the membrane flux can be recovered up to 97% by using NaClO and NaOH as chemical additions. The results show that the membrane flux is mainly affected by temperature,and has a positive lin- ear relation to temperature with a slope of 0. 368. After treated by submerged hollow fiber uhrafihration membrane, the effluent can reach the National Standard for Drinking Water（ GB5749 -85 ） , especially for the sludge water from sedimentation tanks and the backwashing Water from filters in water supply plants.     

Impact of joint resource partitioning and routing on performance of relay enhanced cellular networks

Radio resource assignment schemes and routing strategies in relay enhanced cellular networks are proposed in this paper. Under the reuse partitioning-based frequency planning framework, the intra-cell resource partitioning between the base station and relay nodes was addressed firstly by introducing a metric of effective reuse factor. Then, coverage-oriented and capacity-oriented rantings, as well as two link bandwidth assignment schemes＂ equal-bandwidth per link＂ and ＂equal-bandwidth per mobile station＂ were developed. These key issues and their impacts on the system performance were analyzed comprehensively and supported by simulations. Results show that the cell capacity and edge user throughput of the proposed network are superior to the traditional non-relay network when an appropriate effective reuse factor is adopted.     

Study on Multi-enterprise Collaborative Resource Planning Based Process-oriented Decision Model

Aiming to share the information,knowledge and optimizing resource via collaborating with multiple external partners across their supply chains,the concept model and system framework of multi-enterprises collaborative resource planning (MECORP) are put forward.While there is Considerable pressure to improve the operation of MECORP system,their inherent complexity can make modelling a MECORP system a difficult task.Yet there could be considerable benefits in designing MECORP taking into account the operation of the system.In order to address the central research issue of developing of a methodology that can assist a manager in making decisions by modelling the operation of MECORP system.The methodology called process-oriented deci- sion model (PODM) is presented in the paper.This uses an abstracted network to model MECORP system.The MECORP system supported by PODM,can effective optimize the manifold resource,coordinate the relationship of multiple partners and assist deci- sion.Finally,an industry excample of MECORP system is described to illustrate the application of PODM.     

济南市污水资源化可持续发展的对策

水资源是人类赖以生存与发展的重要资源,污水资源作为城市的第二水源将从根本上解决城市水资源匮乏的局面。实现污水资源化,保障水资源可持续利用是保持济南泉城特色,保障和支持城市可持续发展的必然选择和根本途径。本文探析了济南水资源状况和水资源短缺的原因,阐明了污水资源化是实现水资源可持续利用的有效途径,分析了推进城市污水资源化面临的主要问题,提出了实施城市污水资源化可持续发展的对策。     

城市污水资源化的应用

水资源是人类生存的基本条件，是国民经济的生命线。随着我国改革开放的深入，经济的高速增长，人类面临着日益严重的水资源短缺和水环境污染问题，而且成为制约我国经济可持续发展的重要因素。通过对我国水资源状况、污水资源化紧迫性、城市污水回用途径的分析与展望，并通过工程实例进行了论证，提出了城市污水回用的可行性及巨大的潜力，城市污水资源化作为第二水源，是解决城市水资源短缺的重要途径。     

中国分散型污水处理系统的现状及发展

中国水资源短缺,人口增加和经济高速发展使水环境污染日趋严峻.污水分散处理系统投资小、见效快、可实现水资源就地回用,目前在建设集中污水处理系统的同时,城市污水分散型处理系统越来越受到重视. 从分散污水处理系统在中国的发展现状、运行系统、投资与见效、处理工艺技术及水资源回用等几方面与集中污水处理系统进行比较;分析影响中国分散型污水处理系统正常发展的原因,促进此项技术在我国的普及和发展.     

污水回用技术应用现状与研究进展

污水回用是解决水资源短缺和改善城市水环境的有效途径。介绍了国内外城市污水回用技术的发展与应用现状,并提出了城市污水回用的发展方向。     

延安水资源开发利用现状与节水潜力分析

工程型缺水、资源型缺水和水质型缺水是延安市缺水的症结,水资源开发程度和利用水平较低,更加重了缺水。通过对延安市用水现状的分析,挖掘各行业的节水潜力,特别是加强生活和工业用水的管理,为缓解水资源与经济发展的矛盾、寻求水资源的可持续利用可行性研究分析。     

水夹点技术在企业节水减排中的应用

水夹点技术是一种用于企业用水系统优化,以提高水的回用率为目标的过程集成技术。介绍了水夹点技术的基本原理,利用水夹点技术寻找用水系统最少新鲜水用量,即夹点,并以夹点为节水目标引入数学方法分配水源,设计最优用水网络。最后,应用该方法进行实例分析,节水成效显著。     

水夹点技术在企业节水减排中的应用

水夹点技术是一种用于企业用水系统优化，以提高水的回用率为目标的过程集成技术。介绍了水央点技术的基本原理，利用水夹点技术寻找用水系统最少新鲜水用量，即夹点，并以夹点为节水目标引入数学方法分配水源，设计最优用水网络。最后，应用该方法进行实例分析，节水成效显著。     

城市污水再生利用模式与应用

针对城市用水需求量剧增与水资源紧缺和水污染严重的现实,提出我国城市污水处理、再生利用的技术与发展趋势,污水也是一种可持续利用和可再生的水资源。     

创建城市水系统健康循环促进水资源可持续利用

分析了我国水资源短缺与水环境污染问题的根本原因,指出违反水资源可持续发展的用水模式,是我国水环境恶化的根本所在.同时阐明建立健康的水循环系统增强全社会的节水理念,加强对垃圾、污水的有效治理,采取有效的遏制手段净化城市污水,使城市污水成为可循环利用的自然资源.提出了实现城市水资源的再生循环利用,应从根本上解决污水处理资金问题,为创造城市水系统健康环境,促进水资源可持续利用,建立健康水循环系统还应实施节制用水.并且将有机垃圾、污水污泥回归土地,修复城市雨水水文循环系统,减少污染源.