国产机电替代产品的种类

<正> 1.已列入国家规定的暂停进口,统一归口联合对外、限制进口、控制进口目录中的机电产品; 2.已列入各部委正式公布的推荐替代     

选入《中国替代机电产品图册》的条件

<正> 1.经国务院有关部委、直属机构推荐的替代机电产品;2.列入国家控制进口目录的产品;3.申请进口机电设备国内招标中标的产品;4.经部级以上单位鉴定的产     

基于IFCS-WC的电路板新旧程度判定方法

针对进口旧机电产品依靠人工外观检验效率较低、失误率大等问题,提出一种基于图像特征分类统计与权重系数(IFCS-WC)的旧机电产品电路板新旧程度判定方法。该方法首先提取图像特征,并将该特征分类;其次,将特征量与预先建立的统计特征数据库的标准特征进行对比,确定其新旧系数;再次,利用特征的新旧系数和权重系数,得出新旧判定系数;最后,将该新旧判定系数与预设值进行比较,得出新旧程度判定结果。该判定方法通过图像特征量的分类统计,快速建立电路板器件的新旧综合判定模型,能够实现电路板新旧程度的自动、便捷、快速、准确检验,可应用于进口旧机电电路板器件的检测。     

为国有企业创造平等竞争的条件

为国有企业创造平等竞争的条件郑国伟主任机械工业部机电产品进口审查办公室１９９５年我国将国有企业的改革列为经济体制改革的重点，这是非常重要的决策。我国实行改革开放和发展社会主义市场经济以来，国有企业发展很快，尤其是国有大中型企业，尽管外商投资企业和其它...     

机电产品的人机交互体系研究

制造业信息化环境下,对高自动化、智能化的机电产品的工业设计有了新的要求.由于机电产品在不透明状态下工作的特殊性,机电产品的人机交互直接影响到使用者的工作效率和可靠性.由此提出人机交互体系研究对于机电产品设计的重要性.从用户行为分析出发,进行阶段性分类,分析其行为模式和心理需求.得出机电产品的人机交互体系模型,并分析准确的信息传达和可靠的操控行为2个基本构成要素的特点,进行规律性的总结,提出相应的设计原则,为机电产品交互设计提供参考.     

基于MSP430的高速串行通信设计

串行通信在基于单片机的应用系统和工控系统中使用得比较广泛。串行通信速率一般在1Mbps以下,但近年来,对串行口的速度要求越来越高,特别是一些进口的机电产品(如电梯),常常用到大于1Mbps的串行通信,因此需要设计高速的串行通信设备。本文将介绍基于MSP430F1490单片机实现 1.5M     

河北省机电产品出口影响因素分析

以河北省机电产品出口和经济增长为具体研究对象,运用经济计量学和现代统计方法及计量经济分析软件,分析了影响河北省机电产品出口的主要因素,提出河北省进一步扩大机电产品出口的相应对策。     

第九届中国(武汉)国际机电产品博览会色彩设计分析报告

本文通过对第九届武汉机电博览会展出的机电产品的色彩进行分析研究,总结出当前机电产品的色彩风格特点以及基本配色原则,并对未来机电产品的色彩发展趋势做出一定预测。     

造型比例在机电产品外观设计中的运用

目前我国机电产品的技术已达到世界水准,但在外观设计上远远落后于国外先进产品,成为影响竞争力的一大弊端。由于受到材料、工艺、造型风格等条件的制约,机电产品的外观多以几何形为主,可变化的空间十分有限。鉴于上述情况,在设计机电产品外形的过程中,造型比例作为一种常用的造型手法发挥着关键的作用。通过论述不同的比率运算方式分别在机电产品的整机形体造型比例,部件壳体分割造型比例以及整机色彩与各种装饰元素之间的"视觉比例"中的运用,详细说明造型比例在机电产品外观设计中的重要作用。通过以上3种造型比例的运用,使得我国的机电产品外观呈现一种即坚实、稳重,又活跃、流畅的视觉效果。     

台达机电产品在中空纤维生产线上整合应用

本文主要介绍台达机电产品在中空纤维生产线上的良好整合应用,体现了台达机电产品在电气控制系统上整合应用的高性价比、技术方案优势。     

跨区域市场条件下品牌商再制造决策研究-----基于抵御平行进口商市场入侵的视角

针对一个品牌商和一个平行进口商组成的分销系统,探讨消费者对平行进口产品和再制造品感知质量存在差异情况下企业的最优产品决策,通过建立无再制造与再制造两种情形下的平行进口商市场入侵模型,分析品牌商再制造和平行进口的相互作用.研究表明,不管消费者对再制造品的感知质量如何,品牌商再制造可有效降低平行进口商的灰市投机行为;平行进口商的市场入侵会促进品牌商再制造;当再制造成本节约程度较小时,消费者对再制造品的感知质量越高,平行进口产品售价越低,平行进口量越小,平行进口商利润也越低.     

Parallel imports and unparallel laws: an examination of the exhaustion doctrine through the lens of pharmaceutical products

Parallel imports, the natural consequence of exhaustion doctrine, represent a complex interaction between the issue of free flow of international trade and the protection of intellectual property rights. There is considerable divergence among scholars, both economic and legal, about the need for harmonisation of principles of exhaustion, and consequently parallel import laws. In this article, we examine the need for harmonisation of parallel import laws through the lens of pharmaceutical products. We highlight the necessity for the affirmative norm of exhaustion doctrine in the Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement and suggest amendment to TRIPS Agreement Article 6 mandating international exhaustion doctrine as international legal standard with limited exceptions as an intermediate approach to strike a balance between the interests of the IP owners and consumers, and concurrently addressing the concerns of developed and developing countries.     

本体复用方法语义导入的研究与设计

在OWL(web ontology language)中,本体复用主要采用owl:imports.然而,这种复制 粘贴的方式会出现若干问题.基于此,提出一种新的导入原型:语义导入.在本体空间中支持TBox推理机推理和语义导入,以促进本体复用.提出一种基于ALC本体语义导入的TBox推理分布式算法,解决了简单本体空间中Tableaux算法的逻辑推理问题.     

基于对象关系的通用数据导入算法

传统的数据导入方法在面对复杂对象关系系统时,存在原始数据到对象关系转换、数据一致性和对象导入次序确定等问题。该文提出一种基于对象关系的通用数据导入算法。借助原始数据文件对应系统中的对象关系,采用基于对象关系的数据转换,实现二维关系数据到XML对象描述格式的转换,按照一定的对象顺序将XML对象格式数据导入到系统中。     

FBI considers additional encryption restrictions

In testimony before the US Senate Commerce Committee on 25 July 1996, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) director Louis Freeh, Jr indicated that the Clinton administration might institute encryption import controls if the United States were all of a sudden flooded with imports of non-key escrow encryption products. Freeh also said that if the administration's voluntary key escrow proposals hindered law enforcement's ability to tap encrypted communications, more mandatory controls might have to be instituted domestically. Freeh's comments were in response to questions posed by Senator Conrad Burns, the author of Senate Bill 1726, the Promotion of Commerce Online in the Digital Era Act of 1996 (or Pro-CODE).     

Risk assessment model of mining equipment failure based on fuzzy logic

The systematic maintenance of mining machinery and equipment is the crucial factor for the proper functioning of a mine without production process interruption. For high-quality maintenance of the technical systems in mining, it is necessary to conduct a thorough analysis of machinery and accompanying elements in order to determine the critical elements in the system which are prone to failures. The risk assessment of the failures of system parts leads to obtaining precise indicators of failures which are also excellent guidelines for maintenance services. This paper presents a model of the risk assessment of technical systems failure based on the fuzzy sets theory, fuzzy logic and min–max composition. The risk indicators, severity, occurrence and detectability are analyzed. The risk indicators are given as linguistic variables. The model presented was applied for assessing the risk level of belt conveyor elements failure which works in severe conditions in a coal mine. Moreover, this paper shows the advantages of this model when compared to a standard procedure of RPN calculating – in the FMEA method of risk assessment.     

Implication of natural resources scarcity for public sector decision-making

To evaluate the extent to which a disruption of mineral imports might affect the ability of the nation to maintain national security, in addition to affecting the condition of the nation's economy, CONSAD has been assisting the Department of the Interior (DOI) in analyzing the domestic impacts of mineral import disruptions, including the development of approaches for estimating the consequences of disruptions on national security. In the beginning, to identify approaches that could be used to measure the impact of a mineral import disruption on national security. CONSAD's approach has been to define the ability to maintain national security in terms of maintaining production in the nation's defense-related industries. Illustrations of the methodology used, and its place in the decision process, are discussed.     

Cross-border e-commerce commodity risk assessment using text mining and fuzzy rule-based reasoning

The potentially conflicting regulations of different countries can cause significant risk for cross-border e-commerce (CBEC), since the multi-varieties, small-batch transaction mode of CBEC prohibit the customs from carrying out comprehensive inspection on commodity quality. In this paper, a risk assessment method utilizing text mining and fuzzy rule-based reasoning is proposed, which is able to assess CBEC commodity risk quantitatively and semi-automatically. To do this, first the commodity safety regulations are transformed into risk rules considering a fuzzy representation of risk consequence. Then the features of CBEC commodities are extracted from webpages and the commodities are classified to be assessed with corresponding risk factors. For the inherent risk factors representing violations of safety regulations, the risk consequence is inferred using fuzzy rules. For the historical risk factors representing how often a kind of commodities have violated safety regulations, the risk probability and consequence are assessed by analyzing the import inspection record. At last, the overall risk of a CBEC commodity is obtained by aggregating the output of related risk factor. Experimental results show that the proposed method enhances CBEC commodity risk assessment by improving its efficiency and accuracy.     

敏捷软件开发中的风险管理

敏捷软件开发的诞生源于对高失败率的传统软件开发方法的改进和探索,是一种处理软件开发过程中各个级别上风险的软件开发方法。但是敏捷软件开发很少明确地看到风险管理的内容,经常缺乏对风险的关注。本文根据敏捷软件开发的特点和项目风险管理理论,从人、过程、产品和技术四个纬度就如何防范和缓解敏捷软件开发风险进行了探析。     

通讯类电子产品供应链建模及风险仿真

依据通讯类电子产品供应链的特征总结了系统运作过程中出现概率较高的六类风险因素。以供应链中某品牌运营商向供货商提出生产计划订单为核心驱动,借助于Petri网这一具有良好可实现性的动态系统建模工具建立了通讯类电子产品供应链的Petri网主体简化模型。通过灵活设定所建模型的Simulink仿真运行参数,模拟运行过程中多种状态变化,对通讯类电子产品供应链进行了风险预测,仿真分析结果可为后续决策策略的选择提供支撑依据。