脑电信号中眼电伪迹自动去除方法的研究

 针对实际采集的脑电信号受眼电干扰较大,提出一种基于离散小波变换(DWT)与独立分量分析(ICA)的自动去除眼电伪迹的方法(DWICA).对采集的多导脑电和眼电信号进行离散小波变换,获取多尺度小波系数,将串接小波系数作为ICA的输入;利用基于负熵判据的FastICA算法实现独立成分的快速获取,引入夹角余弦准则自动识别眼迹成分,并经过ICA逆变换将剔除眼迹后的独立成分投影返回到原脑电信号各个电极;通过DWT逆变换重构信号,即可得到去除眼迹的各导脑电信号.实验结果表明,DWICA方法极大地提高了脑电信号的信噪比,抗噪能力强且实时性好,为脑电信号的在线预处理提供了新思路.     

一种基于局部密度的自适应眼电伪迹去除方法

脑电信号幅值微弱且信噪比低易受到多种伪迹影响.其中,眼电伪迹幅值高、随机性强,常使脑电信号产生明显畸变,对信号的后续分析将产生极大的影响.传统伪迹去除方法难以精确定位伪迹成分,导致过多有效信息丢失.针对上述问题,该文提出一种基于数据驱动的自适应伪迹定位和去除方法.该方法将局部密度引入独立成分分析(ICA)并通过聚类分析...     

基于独立向量分析的脑电信号中肌电伪迹的去除方法

脑电数据经常被各种电生理信号伪迹所污染。在常见伪迹中,肌电伪迹特别难以去除。文献中最常用的方法包括诸如独立分量分析(Independent Component Analysis, ICA)和典型相关分析(Canonical Correlation Analysis, CCA)等盲源分离技术。该文首次提出一种基于独立向量分析(Independent Vector Analysis, IVA)的新方法,用以去除脑电中的肌电伪迹。IVA同时使用高阶统计量和二阶统计量,因此该方法能够充分利用肌电伪迹的非高斯性和弱相关性,兼具ICA方法和CCA方法的优势。实验表明,使用IVA方法可以在保留脑电成份的同时极大抑制肌电伪迹,效果显著优于ICA法和CCA法。     

基于最大信噪比盲源分离的脑电信号伪迹滤波算法

心电和眼电伪迹是脑电信号中最常见的干扰,本文提出一种基于最大信噪比盲源分离的伪迹滤波算法.该算法以分离矩阵为变元建立源信号的信噪比目标函数,寻找能使目标函数达到极大(或极小)值的分离矩阵,进而通过分离矩阵求得估计信号.算法的实施过程是,首先利用小波变换去除在原始脑电信号中的部分噪声,然后用基于最大信噪比盲源分离的伪迹滤...     

脑电信号预处理方法研究综述

脑电信号是一种复杂且重要的生物信号,被广泛应用于类脑智能技术和脑机接口领域的研究。文中介绍了干扰正常脑电信号的常见非生理性伪迹和生理性伪迹的类型及特点,并对生理性伪迹的产生原因进行了详细分析。通过对各种脑电信号去除伪迹方法的回顾以及应用现状的分析,比较并总结了传统去除伪迹方法和新型去除伪迹方法的研究进展,并进一步分析去除伪迹方法的优缺点。部分方法已经成功应用于处理脑电信号中的眼电、心电和肌电等伪迹中。文中还针对目前脑电信号去除伪迹的需求及所面临的问题给出了应对策略,并对未来的研究方向进行了分析和展望。     

单通道脑电信号中眼电干扰的自动分离方法

当前主流的眼电(EOG)去除方法需要利用多通道脑电的相关性,难以在单通道的便携式脑机接口(BCI)中应用。该文提出一种基于长时差分振幅包络与小波变换的眼电干扰自动分离方法。首先在原脑电信号的长时差分振幅包络上实施双门限法来精确检测眼电的起止点,然后利用sym5小波对脑电进行分解并引进Birg_Massart策略来自适应地确定小波重构系数阈值,最后通过小波重构精确地估计眼电,实现单通道上眼电与脑电的自动分离。大量实验证明,该方法与主流的平均伪迹回归分析和基于独立成分分析(ICA)的方法相比,能够获得更好的估计眼电与原眼电的相关性,保证更高的校正信噪比和较强的实时性,能够满足脑机接口多方面的需要。     

基于独立分量分析的多通道脑电信号自动去噪算法研究

在脑电信号的采集和处理过程中,经常受到如眼电、心电等各样噪声和伪迹的影响。独立分量分析通过对非高斯分布数据进行有效表示,获得在统计学上独立的各个分量,通过对噪声分量的去除以及信号分量的重构,实现对噪声和伪迹的去除。针对目前信号分解后噪声分量的处理尚停留在目测去除和人工识别阶段,耗时严重以及准确度差的不足,本文提出一种基于独立分量分析的KC复杂度自动阈值算法的提出很好地解决了这个问题,在对含工频噪声的EEG信号进行处理后,取得了良好的实验效果。     

基于PCA和自适应步长IVA的EMG伪迹去除方法

针对脑电(EEG)信号在采集过程中易受到肌电(EMG)伪迹干扰,且EMG伪迹复杂多变难以去除的问题,提出一种基于主分量分析(PCA)和自适应步长独立向量分析(IVA)相结合的EEG中EMG伪迹去除方法。首先,利用PCA将EEG信号的主分量提取出来,对数据降维;然后对主分量引入IVA算法,根据高阶统计量和二阶统计量,结合EMG伪迹的非高斯性和弱相关性进行EMG伪迹分离,同时引入基于分离效果的自适应步长选取方法,增强分离效果。实验中采集了8通道的EEG信号,测得各通道相对均方根误差为0.09～0.2,算法的平均EMG伪迹分离率为98%,且相比单独使用IVA时间节省20%,该方法适用于动态EEG中EMG伪迹的去除。     

多通道盲电磁辐射现场分离方法研究

针对船舶系统在复杂电磁环境下设备电磁辐射的多通道欠定盲源分离问题,提出了一种基于小波分解(Wavelet Decomposition,WD)、相关性筛选以及独立成分分析(Independent Component Analysis,ICA)的多通道盲电磁辐射现场同步分离方法(Wavelet Independent Co...     

基于独立分量分析和小波变换的膈肌肌电信号降噪

提出了一种基于独立分量分析(ICA)和小波变换的处理方法,用于去除膈肌肌电信号中的心电干扰.首先利用独立成份分析法从膈肌肌电信号分解出心电独立成份,并对该心电成份选择合适的高通滤波器加以滤除,其它为膈肌肌电信号的独立分量进行五尺度小波分解以去除含心电的近似分量,再对各层细节分量进行小波重构,然后将处理后的全部独立分量反射投影回原始信号空间,最后,对临床采集的5路膈肌肌电信号进行实验分析,并与传统ICA方法进行对比.结果表明本文方法有更好的降低心电干扰性能.     

在线脑机接口中脑电信号的特征提取与分类方法

在脑机接口研究中,针对运动想象脑电信号的特征抽取,提出了一种基于离散小波变换和AR模型的方法.利用Daubechies类小波函数对脑电信号进行3层分解,抽取小波变换系数的统计特征;利用Burg算法提取脑电信号6阶AR模型系数.将这两类特征进行组合后使用神经网络、支持向量机、马氏距离线性判别进行分类并比较分析.采用BCI...     

Multiple scale correlation of signals by shift-invariant discrete wavelet transform

Correlation of signals at multiple scales of observation is useful for multiresolution interpretation of image, data and target signature analysis. Multiresolution analysis is inherent in the discrete wavelet transform (DWT), but shift-variance of the coefficients of the transform in dyadic orthogonal and biorthogonal basis spaces is the problem associated with it. Shift-variance of the transform and absence of a direct transform domain relationship make correlation of signals by the DWT inconvenient at multiple scales. The circulant shift property of the DWT coefficients is used in a novel way to produce correlation of signals at multiple scales with the critically sampled DWT only. The algorithm is derived in both discrete time and z-domain for signal vectors of finite duration. The algorithm is independent of signal waveform and wavelet kernel and is applied particularly for multiple scale correlation of radar signals, namely linear frequency modulated (LFM) chirp signals.     

基于图像小波变换低频系数的数字水印算法

提出一种基于小波变换且具有图像自适应性的数字水印算法.通过小波变换将图像分解成不同空间与频率的系数,这些系数之间存在一种树结构关系,利用树结构关系对最低频系数进行分类,对不同类采用不同的嵌入对策,将水印信号嵌入在最低层逼近系数中,而现有基于小波变换的算法将水印嵌入在各个方向的中频或高频系数中.实验结果表明,该算法具有不可见性,对于通常的图像失真具有较好的鲁棒性,说明最低频成分并不是水印的禁区.     

Epileptic seizures detection in EEG using DWT-based ApEn and artificial neural network

There are numerous neurological disorders such as dementia, headache, traumatic brain injuries, stroke, and epilepsy. Out of these epilepsy is the most prevalent neurological disorder in the human after stroke. Electroencephalogram (EEG) contains valuable information related to different physiological state of the brain. A scheme is presented for detecting epileptic seizures from EEG data recorded from normal subjects and epileptic patients. The scheme is based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) analysis and approximate entropy (ApEn) of EEG signals. Seizure detection is performed in two stages. In the first stage, EEG signals are decomposed by DWT to calculate approximation and detail coefficients. In the second stage, ApEn values of the approximation and detail coefficients are calculated. Significant differences have been found between the ApEn values of the epileptic and the normal EEG allowing us to detect seizures with 100 % classification accuracy using artificial neural network. The analysis results depicted that during seizure activity, EEG had lower ApEn values compared to normal EEG. This gives that epileptic EEG is more predictable or less complex than the normal EEG. In this study, feed-forward back-propagation neural network has been used for classification and training algorithm for this network that updates the weight and bias values according to Levenberg–Marquardt optimization technique.     

Discrete wavelet transform: data dependence analysis and synthesisof distributed memory and control array architectures

We perform a thorough data dependence and localization analysis for the discrete wavelet transform algorithm and then use it to synthesize distributed memory and control architectures for its parallel computation. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is characterized by a nonuniform data dependence structure owing to the decimation operation it is neither a uniform recurrence equation (URE) nor an affine recurrence equation (ARE) and consequently cannot be transformed directly using linear space-time mapping methods into efficient array architectures. Our approach is to apply first appropriate nonlinear transformations operating on the algorithm's index space, leading to a new DWT formulation on which application of linear space-time mapping can become effective. The first transformation of the algorithm achieves regularization of interoctave dependencies but alone does not lead to efficient array solutions after the mapping due to limitations associated with transforming the three-dimensional (3-D) algorithm onto one-dimensional (1-D) arrays, which is also known as multiprojection. The second transformation is introduced to remove the need for multiprojection by formulating the regularized DWT algorithm in a two-dimensional (2-D) index space. Using this DWT formulation, we have synthesized two VLSI-amenable linear arrays of LPEs computing a 6-octave DWT decomposition with latencies of M and 2M-1, respectively, where L is the wavelet filter length, and M is the number of samples in the data sequence. The arrays are modular, regular, use simple control, and can be easily extended to larger L and J. The latency of both arrays is independent of the highest octave J, and the efficiency is nearly 100% for any M with one design achieving the lowest possible latency of M     

Embolic Doppler ultrasound signal detection using discrete wavelet transform

Asymptomatic circulating emboli can be detected by Doppler ultrasound. Embolic Doppler ultrasound signals are short duration transient like signals. The wavelet transform is an ideal method for analysis and detection of such signals by optimizing time-frequency resolution. We propose a detection system based on the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and study some parameters, which might be useful for describing embolic signals (ES). We used a fast DWT algorithm based on the Daubechies eighth-order wavelet filters with eight scales. In order to evaluate feasibility of the DWT of ES, two independent data sets, each comprising of short segments containing an ES (N=100), artifact (N=100) or Doppler speckle (DS) (N=100), were used. After applying the DWT to the data, several parameters were evaluated. The threshold values used for both data sets were optimized using the first data set. While the DWT coefficients resulting from artifacts dominantly appear at the higher scales (five, six, seven, and eight), the DWT coefficients at the lower scales (one, two, three, and four) are mainly dominated by ES and DS. The DWT is able to filter out most of the artifacts inherently during the transform process. For the first data set, 98 out of 100 ES were detected as ES. For the second data set, 95 out of 100 ES were detected as ES when the same threshold values were used. The algorithm was also tested with a third data set comprising 202 normal ES; 198 signals were detected as ES.     

基于ICA和DWT的多重视频水印算法

利用独立分量分析(ICA)和离散小波变换(DWT),提出了一种新的视频数字水印算法。该算法将二值图像和灰度图像分别置乱后用ICA混叠得到两幅图像,选取其中一个用来做嵌入的水印,另一个作为密钥保留,以此来增加水印的安全性;用ICA将水印嵌入在原始视频的DWT低频子带系数中,实现了水印信号的盲检测,同时针对帧剪裁、帧丢失、帧平均和MPEG编码等具有良好的鲁棒性。     

Enhanced ${mu }$ Rhythm Extraction Using Blind Source Separation and Wavelet Transform

The mu rhythm is an electroencephalogram (EEG) signal located at the central region of the brain that is frequently used for studies concerning motor activity. Quite often, the EEG data are contaminated with artifacts and the application of blind source separation (BSS) alone is insufficient to extract the mu rhythm component. We present a new two-stage approach to extract the mu rhythm component. The first stage uses second-order blind identification (SOBI) with stationary wavelet transform (SWT) to automatically remove the artifacts. In the second stage, SOBI is applied again to find the mu rhythm component. Our method is first compared with independent component analysis with discrete wavelet transform (ICA-DWT) as well as SOBI-DWT, ICA-SWT, and regression method for artifact removal using simulated EEG data. The results showed that the regression method is more effective in removing electrooculogram (EOG) artifacts, while SOBI-SWT is more effective in removing electromyogram (EMG) artifacts as compared to the other artifact removal methods. Then, all the methods are compared with the direct application of SOBI in extracting mu rhythm components on simulated and actual EEG data from ten subjects. The results showed that the proposed method of SOBI-SWT artifact removal enhances the extraction of the mu rhythm component.     

基于独立分量分析的压缩域彩色图像融合

提出了一种基于独立分量分析的压缩域彩色图像融合方法,其基本思想是将源彩色图像进行IHS变换,将两幅图像的亮度分量/进行小波分解,对分解后的高频系数采用由独立分量分析得出的变换矩阵进行变换,然后对变换系数采用局部方差法进行融合,而对小波分解后的低频子图像分成若干N×N的图像块,分别对每个图像块做二维DCT变换,最后对融合的系数进行反变换得到融合结果,并用客观评价标准对结果进行了定量的分析.实验结果表明:该方法在提高空间信息的基础上,较少地降低了颜色失真.